Federal Funds Rate and Overnight Bank Fund RateAMEX:SPY
Comparison of the Overnight Bank Fund Rate and the Effective Federal Funds Rate.
The Fed sets a discount rate of 100 basis points above the effective federal funds rate to discourage ("penalize") banks from borrowing from its reserves. If lending banks have excess in their reserves, the borrowing banks have ease in negotiating a lower rate overnight to maintain its requirements. For this reason its a good indicator of the economy. If it becomes more difficult for banks to maintain the required reserve amount they may charge borrowing banks higher rates.
Both the Effective Federal Funds Rate and Overnight Bank Fund Rate use the same data. Except, the OBFR includes overnight Eurodollar transaction data and certain overnight “selected deposit” transactions that are placed at domestic bank branches controlled by a U.S. banking office.
The indicator includes the lower and upper bound target rate set by the Federal Reserve.
An interesting note:
Notice the jump in the Overnight Bank Rate followed by Fed buying to provide liquidity and lower rates in Sept 2019.
"spy" için komut dosyalarını ara
Naked Bar Upward ReversalAMEX:SPY
The Naked Bar Upward Reversal is a three bar candlestick pattern with an inside candle as a entry point. This pattern is bullish since it has a candle closing red from the previous candle; the most bearish pattern possible. The following inside candle is a reversal of its previous candle with an open above the previous candle's close. Look to buy the next open above the inside candle's close.
This is a bullish reversal pattern and should be used in this context. Successful entries are found in corrections along an upward trend, or buying into a dip. Performance drops when the pattern appears at tops. To improve profitability, use a cluster of evidence to enhance the performance of this pattern. The intended time frame is within the daily and weekly.
Live off your portofolio (decumulate)This indicator simulates living off your portofolio consisting of a single security or stock such as the SPY etf or even Bitcoin. The simulation starts at a certain point on the chart (which you input as year and month).
Withrawals from the portofolio are made each month according to the yearly withdrawal rate you enter, such as the 4% SWR. The monthly withdrawal income is calculated in USD at the beginning of the retirement period and then adjusted according to the US inflation (CPI) on 01/01 of each year.
The blue graph represents the USD value of the remaining portofolio.
This indicator is meant to be used on daily, weekly or monthly time frame. It may not work properly (and makes little sense to use) on intraday timeframe or larger time frames such as quarterly (3M).
When withdrawing, the indicator considers that fractional stock values can be used (the portofolio value is kept as a float). This may not be true, as most stock brokers currently don't allow this.
It does not explicitly take into account dividends. In order to do this you will have to enable "Adjust for dividends" by clicking on "adj" in the lower right corner of the screen, or by using the indicator on a Total Return (TR) index such as DAX. Unfortunately SPX does not have dividend data, you will have to use the SPY etf (which doesn't have a long history)
Divergence of Stocks Above MA50 v.s. US-Stock MarketEnglish:
This indicator has been developed as an early warning tool to estimate the probability of correction in the US stock market. It works best in the daily chart.
Function:
1.) "Index-line"
The underlying stock index is converted to a scale between 0% and 100% based on its 52-week highs and lows. Where 100% is closing price at 52-week high and 0% is closing price at 52-week low.
2nd) "Stocks Above MA50".
For each major stock index, there is an index that determines the percentage of stocks above its 50 moving average. For example, for the S&P 500, this is the S5FI.
3) "Divergence
In an efficient market, both lines (index and number of stocks above the 50 MA) would run more or less in sync. A new high in the index would also mean a new high in the stocks trading above the 50 moving average. Often, however, a correction in the index is announced when the number of stocks trading above their 50 MA do not make a new, or even a lower, high while the underlying index marks a new high. The divergence signal measures this divergence of the indices. The higher the bar, the more pronounced the divergence.
How to read the indicator?
If a divergence occurs, then the stops should be tightened. As with any indicator, false signals can occur because a divergence does not automatically lead to a correction. The higher the divergence is indicated, the higher the probability. The strength of a correction cannot be predicted with the indicator.
For which symbols does the indicator work?
The indicator works exclusively for the following symbols:
S&P500: SPX, SPY, ES1!, US500 Index above MA50: S5FI
Russel2000: IWM, US2000, RTY1!, RUT, IWO Index above MA50: R2FI
NASDAQ100: NDX, NAS100, NQ1!, US100, QQQ Index above MA50: NDFI
NASDAQ: IXIC, ONEQ, QCN1!, NDAQ Index above MA50: NCFI
NYSE: XAX, NYA Index above MA50: MMFI
DowJones100: DJX, DJI, DIA, MYM1!, YM1! Index above MA50: DIFI
DowJonesComp: DOW, IYY Index above MA50: DCFI
Deutsch:
Dieser Indikator ist als Frühwarninstrument zur Einschätzung der Korrekturwahrscheinlichkeit im US-Aktienmarkt entwickelt worden. Er funktioniert am besten im Tages-Chart.
Funktion:
1.) „Index-line“
Der zugrunde liegende Aktienindex wird bezogen auf seine 52Wochen Hochs und Tiefs in eine Skala zwischen 0% und 100% umgerechnet. Dabei sind 100% Schlusskurs auf 52-Wochen Hoch und 0% Schlusskurs auf 52-Wochen Tief.
2.) „Stocks Above MA50“
Zu jedem Hauptaktienindex gibt es einen Index, der den Prozentwert der Aktien über Ihrem 50 gleitenden Durchschnitt ermittelt. Beim S&P 500 ist das z.B. der S5FI.
3.) „Divergence“
In einem effizienten Markt würden beide Linien (Index und Anzahl Aktien über dem 50 MA) mehr oder weniger synchron laufen. Ein neues Hoch im Index würde auch ein neues Hoch bei den Aktien, die über dem 50 gleitenden Durchschnitt notieren, bedeuten. Oft jedoch kündigt sich eine Korrektur im Index an, wenn die Anzahl der Aktien, die über ihrem 50 MA notieren kein neues, oder sogar ein niedrigeres Hoch machen, während der zu Grunde liegende Index ein neues Hoch markiert. Das Divergenz-Signal misst diese auseinanderlaufen der Indices. Je höher der Balken, umso stärker ist die Divergenz ausgeprägt.
Wie ist der Indikator zu lesen?
Wenn eine Divergenz auftritt, dann sollten die Stopps enger herangezogen werden. Es kann wie bei jedem Indikator zu Fehlsignalen kommen, da eine Divergenz nicht automatisch zu einer Korrektur führen muss. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit ist um so höher, je höher die Divergenz angezeigt wird. Die Stärke einer Korrektur kann mit dem Indikator nicht prognostiziert werden.
Für welche Symbole funktioniert der Indikator?
Der Indikator funktioniert ausschließlich für folgende Symbole:
S&P500: SPX, SPY, ES1!, US500 Index über MA50: S5FI
Russel2000: IWM, US2000, RTY1!, RUT, IWO Index über MA50: R2FI
NASDAQ100: NDX, NAS100, NQ1!, US100, QQQ Index über MA50: NDFI
NASDAQ: IXIC, ONEQ, QCN1!, NDAQ Index über MA50: NCFI
NYSE: XAX, NYA Index über MA50: MMFI
DowJones100: DJX, DJI, DIA, MYM1!, YM1! Index über MA50: DIFI
DowJonesComp: DOW, IYY Index über MA50: DCFI
Indices trendsAccording to the Dow theory, indices must confirm each other. Based on this idea, I develop an indices trends indicator, including SPY, DIA, and QQQ. The indices trends were calculated based on the average of the short- (blue) and intermediate-term (orange) changes of indices moving average slopes. In addition, IWM trends are shown as a reference in gray color.
Use this indicator together with one of SPY, DIA, QQQ, or IWM to show the overall market conditions.
Trendflex - Another new Ehlers indicatorSource: Stocks and Commodities V38
Hooray! Another new John Ehlers indicator!
John claims this indicator is lag-less and uses the SPY on the Daily as an example.
This indicator is a slight modification of Reflex, which I have posted here
I think it's better for Stocks and ETFs than Reflex since it factors in long trends. It tends to keep you in winning trades for a long time.
I believe this indicator can be used for entries or exits, potentially both.
Entry
1. Entering Long positions at the pivot low points (Stocks and ETFs)
2. Entering Long when the Reflex crosses above the zero lines (Stocks, ETFs, Commodities )
Exit
1. Exiting Long positions at a new pivot high point (Stocks and ETFs)
2. Exiting Long when the Reflex crosses below the zero lines (Stocks, ETFs, Commodities )
In this example, I place a Long order on the SPY every time the Reflex crosses above the zero level and exit when it crosses below or pops my stop loss, set at 1.5 * Daily ATR.
2/3 Wins
+16.05%
Let me know in the comment section if you're able to use this in a strategy.
Reflex - A new Ehlers indicatorSource: Stocks and Commodities V38
Hooray! A new John Ehlers indicator!
John claims this indicator is lag-less and uses the SPY on the Daily as an example.
He states that drawing a line from peak to peak (or trough to trough) will correspond perfectly with the Asset.
I have to say I agree! There is typically one bar of lag or no lag at all!
I believe this indicator can be used for either entries or exits, but not both.
Entry
1. Entering Long positions at the pivot low points (Stocks and ETFs)
2. Entering Long when the Reflex crosses above the zero lines (Stocks, ETFs, Commodities)
Exit
1. Exiting Long positions at a new pivot high point (Stocks and ETFs)
2. Exiting Long when the Reflex crosses below the zero lines (Stocks, ETFs, Commodities)
In this example, I place a Long order on the SPY every time the Reflex crosses above the zero level and exit when it crosses below or pops my stop loss, set at 1.5 * Daily ATR.
4/6 Wins
+10.76%
For me, that's good enough to create a strategy and backtest on several Indices and ETFs, which is what I have a hunch this will work on.
I think there is a lot of promise from a single Indicator!
Let me know in the comment section if you're able to use this in a strategy.
Hide Extended Hours/non-intraday American BarsOnly works with American bar style.
Not works with Candles.
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This script can hide the extended hours/non-intraday bars and leave the intraday bars only, especially for future users, such as ES/NQ/RTY/YM, etc.,.
Now you can find the intraday support/resistance quite easily!
Example, as a ES investor, you can easily find the intraday support/resistance level ,which is almost equal to SPY / SPX , no longer need to check SPY / SPX separately again, saving your time a lot.
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IMPORTANT INSTRUCTION
In order to make the script work, you have to bring it to the most top visual layer.
Please do as the following steps:
Add the script to chart
Hover mouse on the script name, and tap the right-most 'more' button (which appears as 3 dots)
Select "Visual Order", then select "Bring to front".
Done!
Also, in order to have a better view effect and make the bars COMPLETELY "Hidden", you can adjust the hidden bar color in the "setting" menu to the exact color of your chart background.
Swing-Trade-Stocks SystemThis is a simple swing trade system inspired by sources on the internet. The rules are as follows:
Buy when first green arrow appears after 10ma above 30ma
Set stop-loss below most recent support
Set take-profit below most recent swing point high or wait until price closes below 30ma (red)
Short when first purple arrow appears after 10ma below 30ma
Set stop-loss above most recent resistance
Set take-profit above most recent swing point low or wait until price closes above 30ma (red)
The background color changes based on the direction of SPY. If SPY is going down (10ma < 30ma) the
background will be red and only short indicators (purple arrows) will appear. If SPY is going up (10ma > 30ma),
the background will be green and only long indicators (green arrows) will appear.
Happy trading!
Market Internals [Makit0] MARKET INTERNALS INDICATOR v0.5beta
Market Internals are suitable for day trade equity indices, named SPY or /ES, please do your own research about what they are and how to use them
This scripts plots the NYSE market internals charts as an indicator for an easy and full visualization of market internal structure all in one chart, useful for SPY and /ES trading
Description of the Market Internals
- TICK: NYSE stocks ticking up vs stocks ticking down, extreme values may point to trend continuation on trending days or reversal in non trending days, example of extreme values can be 800 and 1000
- ADD: NYSE stocks going up vs stocks going down, if price auctions around the zero line may be a non trend day, otherwise may be a trend day
- VOLD: NYSE volume of stocks up vs volume of stocks going down, identify clearly where the volume is going, as example if volume is flowing down may be a good idea no to place longs
- TRIN: NYSE up stocks vs down stocks ratio divided by up volume vs down volume ratio. A value of 1 indicates parity, below that the strength is on the long side, above the strength is in the short side.
A basic use of market internals may be looking for divergences, for example:
- /ES is trading in a range but ADD and VOLD are trending up nonstop, may /ES will break the range to the upside
- /ES is trading in a range and ADD and VOLD are trading around the zero line but got an extreme reading on TICK, may be a non trending day and the TICK extreme reading is at one of the extremes of the /ES range, may be a good probability trade to fade that move
- /ES is trading in a trend to the downside, ADD and VOLD too, you catch a good portion of the move but are fearful to flat and miss more gains, you see in the TICK a lot of extreme values below -800 so your're confident in the continuation of the downtrend, until the TICK goes beyond -1000 and you use that signal to go flat
Market internals give you context and confirmation, price in /ES may be trending but if market internals do not confirm the move may a reversal is on its way
Price is an advertise, you can see the real move in the structure below, in the behavior of the individual components of the market, those are the real questions:
- How many stocks are going up/down (ADD)
- How many volume is flowing up/down (VOLD)
- How many stocks are ticking up/down (TICK)
- What is the overall volume breath of the market (TRIN)
FEATURES:
- Plot one of the four basic market internal indices: TICK, ADD, VOLD and TRIN
- Show labels with values beyond an user defined threshold
- Show ZERO line
- Show user defined Dotted and Dashed lines
- Show user defined moving average
SETTINGS:
- Market internal: ticker to plot in the indicator, four options to choose from (TICK, ADD, VOLD and TRIN)
- Labels threshold: all values beyond this will be ploted as labels
- Dot lines at: two dotted lines will be plotted at this value above and below the zero line
- Dash lines at: two dashed lines will be plotted at this value above and below the zero line
- MA type: two options avaiable SMA (Simple Moving Average) or EMA (Exponential Moving Average)
- MA length: number of bars to calculate the moving average
- Show zero line: show or hide zero line
- Show dot line: show or hide dotted lines
- Show dash line: show or hide dashed lines
- Show labels: show or hide labels
GOOD LUCK AND HAPPY TRADING
Hide extended hours/non-intraday barsEspecially for future users, such as ES/NQ/RTY/YM, etc., this script can hide the extended hours/non-intraday bars and leave the intraday bars only.
With this script , you can find the intraday support/resistance quite easily!
Example, if you are a ES investor, you can easily find the intraday support/resistance level ,which is almost equal to SPY, with this script, and no need to check SPY separately again , saving your time a lot.
Note: Please couple this script with American Bars. If you use candle charts, the upper/lower pins of the candle can't be hidden with the bars together, which is restricted by the code editor itself...
Willams %RwEMAspy
Was looking for something else when surfed into an old question
wanting %R 21 period with EMA 13 period of the %R signal
and being a rookie at this, made this code to post for them.
Tried to comment the script in such a way that other rookies
like me could make better sense of what is being done. Hope
this helps someone. I find it useful as one of my indicators for
trading.
Pinescript for tradingview.com user Tom1trader
All time frames.
Interpretation:
%R (Red) crosses above it's average (Blue) - bull
%R crosses below it's average - bear. Background
color changes green-up red-down with above crossings.
Most but not all of serious price movement takes place
from the time the %R (red) goes into oversold (or bought) and
exits again.
%R centerline crosses can also be useful.
I use various indicators and want all of the confirmation
that I can get for expectations BUT I never know what the
next bar will do and define my risks accordingly.
Sectors Relative Strength Normal DistributionI wrote this indicator as an attempt to see the Relative Strengths of different sectors in the same scale, but there is also other ways to do that.
This indicator plots the normal distribution for the 10 sectors of the SPY for the last X bars of the selected resolution, based on the selected comparative security. It shows which sectors are outperforming and underperforming the SPY (or any other security) relatively to each other by the given deviation.
MarketRSThe strength of a stock relative to the market (SPY) is an import indicator accumulation of a stock by institutionan funds, especially during a market decline. This indicator plot the ratio of a security/SPY and plots a fast (5 period) and slow (21 period) EMA.
Quality Detector (Buffett Style) + Beta [Solid]This indicator acts as an on-chart fundamental screener, designed to instantly evaluate the quality and financial health of a company directly on your price chart.
The concept is inspired by "Buffettology" principles: looking for large, profitable companies with low debt. Additionally, it includes a Beta calculation to assess market volatility risk.
The tool displays a panel in the bottom-right corner featuring four key metrics and a final verdict.
How it Works & Metrics Used
The script retrieves quarterly fundamental data ("FQ") and performs calculations to verify if the asset meets specific criteria.
1. Market Cap (Size)
What it is: The total market value of the company's outstanding shares.
Goal: To identify established, large-cap companies.
Default Threshold: Must be greater than $10 Billion.
2. ROE - Return on Equity (Quality)
What it is: A measure of financial performance calculated by dividing net income by shareholders' equity.
Goal: To find companies that are efficient at generating profits from shareholders' capital.
Default Threshold: Must be higher than 15%.
3. Total Debt to Equity (Health)
What it is: A ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets.
Calculation: This script manually calculates this ratio by fetching TOTAL_DEBT and dividing it by TOTAL_EQUITY from fundamental data to ensure robustness across different symbols.
Goal: To ensure the company is not overly leveraged.
Default Threshold: Must be lower than 1.5.
4. Beta (Risk/Volatility)
What it is: A measure of a stock's volatility in relation to the overall market (S&P 500).
Calculation: It is calculated by comparing the asset's returns against SPY (S&P 500 ETF) returns over a 252-day period (approx. 1 trading year).
Goal: To understand if the stock is more volatile (Beta > 1) or less volatile (Beta < 1) than the market.
Note: Beta does not affect the final "Quality" score but serves as an extra risk indicator, highlighting in orange if Beta > 1.
The Verdict (Scoring System)
The indicator assigns a score from 0 to 3 based on the first three fundamental metrics (Size, ROE, and Debt/Equity).
If a metric passes the threshold, it gets a green background and +1 point.
If it fails, it gets a red background.
Final Verdict:
💎 QUALITY GEM: The company passed all 3 fundamental checks (Score = 3/3).
⚠️ DISCARD: The company failed one or more fundamental checks.
Settings
You can customize the thresholds to fit your own investment strategy in the indicator settings:
Minimum Market Cap (in Billions).
Minimum ROE (%).
Maximum Debt/Equity Ratio.
Disclaimer: This tool is for informational and educational purposes only. It relies on third-party fundamental data which may sometimes be delayed or unavailable. Do not base investment decisions solely on this indicator.
Trinity ATR Real Move DetectorTrinity ATR Real Move Detector
This ATR Energy Table indicator is one of the simplest yet most powerful filters you can have on a chart when trading short-dated or 0DTE options or swing trades on any timeframe from 1-minute up to 4-hour. Its entire job is to answer the single most important question in intraday and swing trading: “Does the underlying actually have enough short-term explosive energy right now to make a directional position worth the theta and the spread, or is this just pretty candles that will die in ten minutes?”
Most losing 0DTE and short-dated option trades happen because people buy or sell direction on a “nice-looking” breakout or pullback while the underlying is actually in low-energy grind mode. The premium decays faster than the move develops, and you lose even when you’re “right” on direction. This little table stops that from ever happening again.
Here’s what it does in plain English:
Every bar it measures two things:
- The current ATR on whatever timeframe you are using (1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, etc.). This tells you how big the average true range of the last 14 bars has been — in other words, how violently the stock or index is actually moving right now.
- The daily ATR (14-period on the daily chart). This is your benchmark for “normal” daily movement over the last two–three weeks.
It then multiplies the daily ATR by a small number (the multiplier you set) and compares the two. If the short-term ATR is bigger than that percentage of the daily ATR, the table turns bright green and says “ENOUGH ENERGY”. If not, it stays red and says “NOT ENOUGH”.
Why this works so well:
- Real explosive moves that carry for 0DTE and 1–3 DTE options almost always show a short-term ATR spike well above the recent daily average. Quiet grind moves never do.
- The comparison is completely adaptive — on a high-vol day the threshold automatically rises, on a low-vol day it automatically drops. You never have to guess if “2 points on SPY is big today”.
- It removes emotion completely. You simply wait for green before you even think about clicking buy or sell on an option.
Key settings and what to do with them:
- Energy Multiplier — this is the only number you ever touch. It is expressed as a decimal (0.15 = 15 % of the daily ATR). Lower = more signals, higher = stricter and higher win rate. The tooltip gives you the exact sweet-spot numbers for every popular timeframe (0.09 for 1-minute scalping, 0.13 for 3-minute, 0.14–0.16 for 5-minute, 0.15–0.19 for 10-minute, etc.). Just pick your timeframe once and type the number — done forever.
- ATR Length — leave it at 14. That’s the standard and works perfectly.
- Table Position — move the table to wherever you want on the chart (top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left, top-left).
- Table Size — make the text Tiny, Small, Normal or Large depending on how much screen space you have.
How this helps you make money and stop losing it:
- On most days you will see red 80–90 % of the time — that’s good! It is forcing you to sit on your hands instead of overtrading low-energy chop that eats premium.
- When it finally flips green you know institutions are actually pushing size right now — follow-through probability jumps from ~40 % to 65–75 % depending on the stock and timeframe.
- You stop buying calls on every green candle and puts on every red candle. You only strike when the market is genuinely “awake”.
- Over a week you take dramatically fewer trades, but your win rate and average winner size go way up — which is exactly how consistent intraday option profits are made.
In short, this tiny table is the closest thing to an “edge on/off switch” that exists for short-dated options. Red = preserve capital and go do something else. Green = pull the trigger with confidence. Use it religiously and you’ll immediately feel the difference in your P&L.
NYSE Session📌 NYSE Open–Close Session Map — by o0psi
This tool marks the exact candles where the New York Stock Exchange opens and closes, and automatically tracks the true session high and low.
Everything is locked to the exact bar where it happened — no drifting, no extended rays, no repainting.
🔹 Features
NYSE OPEN marker (9:30 EST)
NYSE CLOSE marker (16:00 EST)
Faint background highlight showing the full regular session
Real session high/low detection
High/low candles update live as the session forms
High/low markers stay attached to the exact candle that created them
Perfect for futures, indices, and equities traders
🔹 Why traders use this
The NYSE open and close create some of the most important liquidity events of the day.
This indicator makes them obvious — clean visuals, no clutter, no guessing.
🔹 Ideal for
SPY / ES / NQ scalpers
US30 / SPX traders
Liquidity + session-based traders
Intraday momentum and volatility setups
Anyone who uses NY open/close as key decision points
Made with precision by o0psi.
Advanced Confluence DashboardAdvanced Confluence Dashboard - Multi-Indicator Technical Analysis Tool
OVERVIEW
The Advanced Confluence Dashboard is a comprehensive technical analysis tool designed to help traders identify high-probability trade setups by tracking multiple technical indicators simultaneously. The indicator displays up to 13 different technical confluences in an easy-to-read dashboard format, providing both individual signals and an overall market bias percentage. Switch between full table view and condensed view for maximum chart flexibility.
FEATURES
- 13 Technical Confluences: RSI, VWAP, EMA Cross (9/21), MACD, Stochastic, Trend (50 EMA), Bollinger Bands, ADX Strength, Price Momentum, Volume Breakout, VWAP Bands, 200 EMA, and Price Action (Higher Highs/Lower Lows)
- Real-time Confluence Scoring: Automatically calculates bullish vs bearish signal strength
- Multi-Timeframe Support: Analyze indicators on any timeframe while viewing your chart on another
- Customizable Display: Toggle individual indicators on/off, adjust table position, size, and transparency
- ATR Information: Optional ATR display for volatility-based position sizing
- Condensed View Mode: Ultra-minimal display showing only confluence score and ATR (perfect for scalpers who want maximum chart visibility)
- Full Table View: Detailed breakdown of each indicator's value and signal
- Color-Coded Signals: Green (bullish), red (bearish), white (neutral) for instant visual clarity
HOW IT WORKS
The indicator evaluates each enabled technical indicator and assigns it either a bullish or bearish signal based on its current state. The confluence score shows how many indicators are aligned in each direction, giving you a clear percentage-based view of market bias. For example, if 8 out of 13 indicators are bullish, you'll see a 62% LONG BIAS signal.
DISPLAY MODES
Full View: Shows all enabled indicators with their current values and signals in a detailed table format. Perfect for understanding exactly which indicators are bullish or bearish and why.
Condensed View: Shows only the confluence score (e.g., "4/13 LONG | 9/13 SHORT - SHORT BIAS 69%") and optional ATR information. This minimal display keeps your chart clean while still providing the essential confluence data you need for quick trading decisions. Ideal for scalpers and traders who want maximum chart space.
CONFLUENCES EXPLAINED
- RSI: Momentum oscillator (>50 bullish, <50 bearish, shows overbought/oversold)
- VWAP: Volume-weighted average price (above = bullish, below = bearish)
- EMA Cross: Fast EMA (9) vs Slow EMA (21) with price position
- MACD: Trend-following momentum (line above signal = bullish)
- Stochastic: Momentum oscillator (>50 bullish, <50 bearish)
- Trend (50 EMA): Price position relative to 50-period EMA
- Bollinger Bands: Volatility and mean reversion (above middle = bullish)
- ADX Strength: Trend strength indicator (shows strong trends)
- Price Momentum: Rate of price change over specified period
- Volume Breakout: Detects unusual volume with directional bias
- VWAP Bands: Standard deviation bands around VWAP
- 200 EMA: Long-term trend indicator
- Price Action: Higher Highs and Lower Lows pattern detection
SETTINGS
Timeframe Settings:
- Indicator Timeframe: Analyze indicators on a different timeframe than your chart
Display Options:
- Condensed View: Toggle between full table and minimal display
- Show ATR Info: Display/hide ATR information
- Table Position: 9 positions (top/middle/bottom + left/center/right)
- Text Size: Auto, tiny, small, normal, large, huge
- Table Transparency: 0-100%
- Border Width: 1-5 pixels
Confluence Toggles:
- Enable/disable any of the 13 confluences individually
- Confluence score automatically adjusts based on enabled indicators
Indicator Settings:
- RSI Length (default: 14)
- ATR Length (default: 14)
- Fast/Slow EMA (default: 9/21)
- Trend EMA (default: 50)
- Volume SMA Length (default: 20)
- Volume Breakout Multiplier (default: 2.0x)
- Bollinger Bands Length/StdDev (default: 20/2.0)
- ADX Length (default: 14)
- ADX Strength Threshold (default: 25)
- Momentum Length (default: 10)
IDEAL USE CASES
- Scalping: Quick identification of confluence for fast entries/exits - use condensed view for clean charts
- Day Trading: Multi-timeframe analysis for intraday setups
- Swing Trading: Confirmation of longer-term bias
- Risk Management: Higher confluence = higher probability trades
- Trade Filtering: Only take trades when confluence reaches your threshold
- Multi-Monitor Setups: Use condensed view on execution charts, full view on analysis charts
HOW TO USE
1. Add the indicator to your chart
2. Toggle on/off the confluences you prefer to use
3. Choose between Full View (detailed) or Condensed View (minimal)
4. Adjust the table position and size to your preference
5. Look for high confluence percentages (70%+ is strong bias)
6. Use the individual indicator signals (full view) to understand market structure
7. Combine with your trading strategy for entry/exit confirmation
TIPS
- Use Condensed View when scalping to keep your chart clean and uncluttered
- Switch to Full View when you need to analyze which specific indicators are conflicting
- Higher confluence doesn't guarantee success - always use proper risk management
- Consider using 60%+ confluence as a minimum threshold for trades
- Pay attention to which specific indicators are aligned vs conflicting
- Use the ATR display for quick reference on position sizing
- Experiment with different timeframes to find what works for your style
- Disable indicators you don't use to simplify your confluence scoring
DISCLAIMER
This indicator is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute financial advice, investment advice, trading advice, or any other type of advice. Trading and investing in financial markets involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for every investor. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Always do your own research and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.
Granger Causality Flow IndicatorGranger Causality Flow Indicator
█ OVERVIEW
The Granger Causality Flow Indicator is a statistical analysis tool designed to identify predictive relationships between two assets (Symbol X and Symbol Y). In econometrics, "Granger Causality" does not test for actual physical causation (e.g., rain causes mud); rather, it tests for predictive causality .
This script is designed to answer a specific question for traders: "Does the past price action of Asset X provide statistically significant information about the future price of Asset Y, beyond what is already contained in the past prices of Asset Y itself?"
This tool is particularly useful for Pairs Traders , Arbitrageurs , and Macro Analysts looking to identify lead-lag relationships between correlated assets (e.g., BTC vs. ETH, NASDAQ vs. SPY, or Gold vs. Silver).
█ CONCEPTS & CALCULATIONS
To determine if Symbol X "Granger-causes" Symbol Y, this script utilizes a variance-reduction approach based on Auto-Regressive (AR) models. Due to the runtime constraints of Pine Script™, we employ an optimized proxy for the standard Granger test using an AR(1) logic (looking back 1 period).
The calculation performs a comparative test over a rolling window (Default: 50 bars):
The Restricted Model (Baseline):
We attempts to predict the current value of Y using only the previous value of Y (Auto-Regression). We measure the error of this prediction (the "Residuals") and calculate the Variance of the Restricted Model (Var_R) .
The Unrestricted Model (Proxy):
We then test if the past value of X can explain the errors made by the Restricted Model. If X contains predictive power, including it should reduce the error variance. We calculate the remaining Variance of the Unrestricted Model (Var_UR) .
The GC Score:
The script calculates a score based on the ratio of variance reduction:
Score = 1 - (Var_UR / Var_R)
If the Score is High (> 0) : It implies that including X significantly reduced the prediction error for Y. Therefore, X "Granger-causes" Y.
If the Score is Low or 0 : It implies X added no predictive value.
█ HOW TO USE
This indicator is not a simple Buy/Sell signal generator; it is a context filter for cross-asset analysis.
1. Setup
Symbol 1 (X): The potential "Leader" (e.g., BINANCE:BTCUSDT).
Symbol 2 (Y): The potential "Follower" (e.g., BINANCE:ETHUSDT).
Differencing: Enabled by default. This checks the changes in price rather than absolute price, which is crucial for statistical stationarity.
2. Interpreting the Visuals
The script changes the background color and displays a table to indicate the current flow of causality:
Green Background (X → Y): Symbol 1 is leading Symbol 2. Price moves in Symbol 1 are statistically likely to foreshadow moves in Symbol 2.
Orange Background (Y → X): Symbol 2 is leading Symbol 1. The relationship has inverted.
Blue Background (Bidirectional): Both assets are predicting each other (tight coupling or feedback loop).
Gray/No Color: No statistically significant relationship detected.
3. Trading Application
Trend Confirmation: If you trade Symbol Y, wait for the background to turn Green . This indicates that the "Leader" (Symbol X) is currently exerting predictive influence, potentially making trend-following setups on Symbol Y more reliable.
Divergence Warning: If you are trading a correlation pair and the causality breaks (turns Gray), the correlation may be weakening, signaling a higher risk of divergence.
█ SETTINGS
Symbol 1 (X) & Symbol 2 (Y): The two tickers to analyze.
Use Differencing: (Default: True) Converts prices to price-changes. Highly recommended for accurate statistical results to avoid spurious regression.
Calculation Window: The number of bars used to compute the variance and coefficients. Larger windows provide smoother, more stable signals but react slower to regime changes.
Significance Threshold: (0.01 - 0.99) The minimum variance reduction score required to trigger a causal signal.
█ DISCLAIMER
This tool provides statistical analysis of historical price data and does not guarantee future performance. Granger Causality is a measure of predictive capability, not necessarily fundamental causation. Always use appropriate risk management.
Relative Value & Risk Analytics DashboardThis is your risk-adjusted alpha analysis tool - exactly what hedge fund and insurance company clients want to see.
Attractiveness Score | Composite score combining RV and Risk (0-100)
Relative Performance | vs Benchmark (SET/SPY), RS Ratio Trend, 52W Position, Spread Z-Score
Risk Metrics | Beta, Alpha, Sharpe, Sortino, Information Ratio, Volatility
Correlation | Benchmark Correlation, R-Squared, Regime Change Detection
Pair Trade | Peer Correlation, Pair Z-Score, Long/Short Signals
Factor Exposure | Momentum (1/3/6M), Mean Reversion Signal, Distance from SMA50
Drawdown | Current DD, Max DD, Recovery Needed, Ulcer Index, Calmar, VaR
Key Features:
Benchmark-Relative Analysis: Compare any stock vs SET Index or any other benchmark
Pair Trade Signals: Automatically generates long/short signals based on Z-score
Risk-Adjusted Returns: Sharpe, Sortino, Information Ratio - what your clients actually care about
Regime Change Detection: Alert when correlation dynamics shift
Drawdown Risk: VaR, Ulcer Index, Calmar Ratio for risk-conscious clients
Absorption RatioThe Hidden Connections Between Markets
Financial markets are not isolated islands. When panic spreads, seemingly unrelated assets suddenly begin moving in lockstep. Stocks, bonds, commodities, and currencies that normally provide diversification benefits start falling together. This phenomenon, where correlations spike during crises, has devastated portfolios throughout history. The Absorption Ratio provides a quantitative measure of this hidden fragility.
The concept emerged from research at State Street Associates, where Mark Kritzman, Yuanzhen Li, Sebastien Page, and Roberto Rigobon developed a novel application of principal component analysis to measure systemic risk. Their 2011 paper in the Journal of Portfolio Management demonstrated that when markets become tightly coupled, the variance explained by the first few principal components increases dramatically. This concentration of variance signals elevated systemic risk.
What the Absorption Ratio Measures
Principal component analysis, or PCA, is a statistical technique that identifies the underlying factors driving a set of variables. When applied to asset returns, the first principal component typically captures broad market movements. The second might capture sector rotations or risk-on/risk-off dynamics. Additional components capture increasingly idiosyncratic patterns.
The Absorption Ratio measures the fraction of total variance absorbed or explained by a fixed number of principal components. In the original research, Kritzman and colleagues used the first fifth of the eigenvectors. When this fraction is high, it means a small number of factors are driving most of the market movements. Assets are moving together, and diversification provides less protection than usual.
Consider an analogy: imagine a room full of people having independent conversations. Each person speaks at different times about different topics. The total "variance" of sound in the room comes from many independent sources. Now imagine a fire alarm goes off. Suddenly everyone is talking about the same thing, moving in the same direction. The variance is now dominated by a single factor. The Absorption Ratio captures this transition from diverse, independent behavior to unified, correlated movement.
The Implementation Approach
TradingView does not support matrix algebra required for true principal component analysis. This implementation uses a closely related proxy: the average absolute correlation across a universe of major asset classes. This approach captures the same underlying phenomenon because when assets are highly correlated, the first principal component explains more variance by mathematical necessity.
The asset universe includes eight ETFs representing major investable categories: SPY and QQQ for large cap US equities, IWM for small caps, EFA for developed international markets, EEM for emerging markets, TLT for long-term treasuries, GLD for gold, and USO for oil. This selection provides exposure to equities across geographies and market caps, plus traditional diversifying assets.
From eight assets, there are twenty-eight unique pairwise correlations. The indicator calculates each using a rolling window, takes the absolute value to measure coupling strength regardless of direction, and averages across all pairs. This average correlation is then transformed to match the typical range of published Absorption Ratio values.
The transformation maps zero average correlation to an AR of 0.50 and perfect correlation to an AR of 1.00. This scaling aligns with empirical observations that the AR typically fluctuates between 0.60 and 0.95 in practice.
Interpreting the Regimes
The indicator classifies systemic risk into four regimes based on AR levels.
The Extreme regime occurs when the AR exceeds 0.90. At this level, nearly all asset classes are moving together. Diversification has largely failed. Historically, this regime has coincided with major market dislocations: the 2008 financial crisis, the 2020 COVID crash, and significant correction periods. Portfolios constructed under normal correlation assumptions will experience larger drawdowns than expected.
The High regime, between 0.80 and 0.90, indicates elevated systemic risk. Correlations across asset classes are above normal. This often occurs during the build-up to stress events or during volatile periods where fear is spreading but has not reached panic levels. Risk management should be more conservative.
The Normal regime covers AR values between 0.60 and 0.80. This represents typical market conditions where some correlation exists between assets but diversification still provides meaningful benefits. Standard portfolio construction assumptions are reasonable.
The Low regime, below 0.60, indicates that assets are behaving relatively independently. Diversification is working well. Idiosyncratic factors dominate returns rather than systematic risk. This environment is favorable for active management and security selection strategies.
The Relationship to Portfolio Construction
The implications for portfolio management are significant. Modern portfolio theory assumes correlations are stable and uses historical estimates to construct efficient portfolios. The Absorption Ratio reveals that this assumption is violated precisely when it matters most.
When AR is elevated, the effective number of independent bets in a diversified portfolio shrinks. A portfolio holding stocks, bonds, commodities, and real estate might behave as if it holds only one or two positions during high AR periods. Position sizing based on normal correlation estimates will underestimate portfolio risk.
Conversely, when AR is low, true diversification opportunities expand. The same nominal portfolio provides more independent return streams. Risk can be deployed more aggressively while maintaining the same effective exposure.
Component Analysis
The indicator separately tracks equity correlations and cross-asset correlations. These components tell different stories about market structure.
Equity correlations measure coupling within the stock market. High equity correlation indicates broad risk-on or risk-off behavior where all stocks move together. This is common during both rallies and selloffs driven by macroeconomic factors. Stock pickers face headwinds when equity correlations are elevated because individual company fundamentals matter less than market beta.
Cross-asset correlations measure coupling between different asset classes. When stocks, bonds, and commodities start moving together, traditional hedges fail. The classic 60/40 stock/bond portfolio, for example, assumes negative or low correlation between equities and treasuries. When cross-asset correlation spikes, this assumption breaks down.
During the 2022 market environment, for instance, both stocks and bonds fell significantly as inflation and rate hikes affected all assets simultaneously. High cross-asset correlation warned that the usual defensive allocations would not provide their expected protection.
Mean Reversion Characteristics
Like most risk metrics, the Absorption Ratio tends to mean-revert over time. Extremely high AR readings eventually normalize as panic subsides and assets return to more independent behavior. Extremely low readings tend to rise as some level of systematic risk always reasserts itself.
The indicator tracks AR in statistical terms by calculating its Z-score relative to the trailing distribution. When AR reaches extreme Z-scores, the probability of normalization increases. This creates potential opportunities for strategies that bet on mean reversion in systemic risk.
A buy signal triggers when AR recovers from extremely elevated levels, suggesting the worst of the correlation spike may be over. A sell signal triggers when AR rises from unusually low levels, warning that complacency about diversification benefits may be excessive.
Momentum and Trend
The rate of change in AR carries information beyond the absolute level. Rapidly rising AR suggests correlations are increasing and systemic risk is building. Even if AR has not yet reached the high regime, acceleration in coupling should prompt increased vigilance.
Falling AR momentum indicates normalizing conditions. Correlations are decreasing and assets are returning to more independent behavior. This often occurs in the recovery phase following stress events.
Practical Application
For asset allocators, the AR provides guidance on how much diversification benefit to expect from a given allocation. During high AR periods, reducing overall portfolio risk makes sense because the usual diversifiers provide less protection. During low AR periods, standard or even aggressive allocations are more appropriate.
For risk managers, the AR serves as an early warning indicator. Rising AR often precedes large market moves and volatility spikes. Tightening risk limits before correlations reach extreme levels can protect capital.
For systematic traders, the AR provides a regime filter. Mean reversion strategies may work better during high AR periods when panics create overshooting. Momentum strategies may work better during low AR periods when trends can develop independently across assets.
Limitations and Considerations
The proxy methodology introduces some approximation error relative to true PCA-based AR calculations. The asset universe, while representative, does not include all possible diversifiers. Correlation estimates are inherently backward-looking and can change rapidly.
The transformation from average correlation to AR scale is calibrated to match typical published ranges but is not mathematically equivalent to the eigenvalue ratio. Users should interpret levels directionally rather than as precise measurements.
Correlation regimes can persist longer than expected. Mean reversion signals indicate elevated probability of normalization but do not guarantee timing. High AR can remain elevated throughout extended crisis periods.
References
Kritzman, M., Li, Y., Page, S., and Rigobon, R. (2011). Principal Components as a Measure of Systemic Risk. Journal of Portfolio Management, 37(4), 112-126.
Kritzman, M., and Li, Y. (2010). Skulls, Financial Turbulence, and Risk Management. Financial Analysts Journal, 66(5), 30-41.
Billio, M., Getmansky, M., Lo, A., and Pelizzon, L. (2012). Econometric Measures of Connectedness and Systemic Risk in the Finance and Insurance Sectors. Journal of Financial Economics, 104(3), 535-559.
WolfgateThe Wolfpack Framework is my core intraday execution overlay for SPY and index futures.
This script plots:
9 EMA (white) – short-term momentum and micro pullback engine
21 EMA (yellow, dotted) – intraday trend backbone and bias filter
200 SMA (purple, dotted) – primary higher-timeframe trend reference
400 SMA (red, dotted) – macro trend and extreme mean-reversion anchor
VWAP (bright blue, thick) – institutional fair value for the current session
No auto-drawn ORB, no auto levels – traders mark those manually using their own playbook to keep the chart clean and intentional.
Pair this with a separate “Volume” indicator (standard volume columns) in the lower pane for full context.
Built for 0DTE / intraday options traders who want a fast, uncluttered framework they can execute from without thinking.
VMDM - Volume, Momentum & Divergence Master [BullByte]VMDM - Volume, Momentum and Divergence Master
Educational Multi-Layer Market Structure Analysis System
Multi-factor divergence engine that scores RSI momentum, volume pressure, and institutional footprints into one non-repainting confluence rating (0-100).
WHAT THIS INDICATOR IS
VMDM is an educational indicator designed to teach traders how to recognize high-probability reversal and continuation patterns by analyzing four independent market dimensions simultaneously. Instead of relying on a single indicator that may produce frequent false signals, VMDM creates a confluence-based scoring system that weights multiple confirmation factors, helping you understand which setups have stronger technical backing and which are lower quality.
This is NOT a trading system or signal generator. It is a learning tool that visualizes complex market structure concepts in an accessible format for both coders and non-coders.
THE PROBLEM IT SOLVES
Most traders face these common challenges:
Challenge 1 - Indicator Overload: Running RSI, volume analysis, and divergence detection separately creates chart clutter and conflicting signals. You waste time cross-referencing multiple windows trying to determine if all factors align.
Challenge 2 - False Divergences: Standard divergence indicators trigger on every minor pivot, creating noise. Many divergences fail because they lack supporting evidence from volume or market structure.
Challenge 3 - Missed Context: A bullish RSI divergence means nothing if it occurs during weak volume or in the middle of strong distribution. Context determines quality.
Challenge 4 - Repainting Confusion: Many divergence scripts repaint, showing perfect historical signals that never actually triggered in real-time, leading to false confidence.
Challenge 5 - Institutional Pattern Recognition: Absorption zones, stop hunts, and exhaustion patterns are taught in trading education but difficult to identify systematically without manual analysis.
VMDM addresses all five challenges by combining complementary analytical layers into one transparent, non-repainting, confluence-weighted system with visual clarity.
WHY THIS SPECIFIC COMBINATION - MASHUP JUSTIFICATION
This indicator is NOT a random mashup of popular indicators. Each of the four layers serves a specific analytical purpose and together they create a complete market structure assessment framework.
THE FOUR ANALYTICAL LAYERS
LAYER 1 - RSI MOMENTUM DIVERGENCE (Trend Exhaustion Detection)
Purpose: Identifies when price momentum is weakening before price itself reverses.
Why RSI: The Relative Strength Index measures momentum on a bounded 0-100 scale, making divergence detection mathematically consistent across all assets and timeframes. Unlike raw price oscillators, RSI normalizes momentum regardless of volatility regime.
How It Contributes: Divergence between price pivots and RSI pivots reveals early momentum exhaustion. A lower price low with a higher RSI low (bullish regular divergence) signals sellers are losing strength even as price makes new lows. This is the PRIMARY signal generator in VMDM.
Limitation If Used Alone: RSI divergence by itself produces many false signals because momentum can remain weak during continued trends. It needs confirmation from volume and structural evidence.
LAYER 2 - VOLUME PRESSURE ANALYSIS (Buying vs Selling Intensity)
Purpose: Quantifies whether the current bar's volume reflects buying pressure or selling pressure based on where price closed within the bar's range.
Methodology: Instead of just measuring volume size, VMDM calculates WHERE in the bar range the close occurred. A close near the high on high volume indicates strong buying absorption. A close near the low indicates selling pressure. The calculation accounts for wick size (wicks reduce pressure quality) and uses percentile ranking over a lookback period to normalize pressure strength on a 0-100 scale.
Formula Concept:
Buy Pressure = Volume × (Close - Low) / (High - Low) × Wick Quality Factor
Sell Pressure = Volume × (High - Close) / (High - Low) × Wick Quality Factor
Net Pressure = Buy Pressure - Sell Pressure
Pressure Strength = Percentile Rank of Net Pressure over lookback period
Why Percentile Ranking: Absolute volume varies by asset and session. Percentile ranking makes 85th percentile pressure on low-volume crypto comparable to 85th percentile pressure on high-volume forex.
How It Contributes: When a bullish divergence occurs at a pivot low AND pressure strength is above 60 (strong buying), this adds 25 confluence points. It confirms that the divergence is occurring during actual accumulation, not just weak selling.
Limitation If Used Alone: Pressure analysis shows current bar intensity but cannot identify trend exhaustion or reversal timing. High buying pressure can exist during a strong uptrend with no reversal imminent.
LAYER 3 - BEHAVIORAL FOOTPRINT PATTERNS (Volume Anomaly Detection)
CRITICAL DISCLAIMER: The terms "institutional footprint," "absorption," "stop hunt," and "exhaustion" used in this indicator are EDUCATIONAL LABELS for specific price and volume behavioral patterns. These patterns are detected through technical analysis of publicly available price, volume, and bar structure data. This indicator does NOT have access to actual institutional order flow, market maker data, broker stop-loss locations, or any non-public data source. These pattern names are used because they are common terminology in trading education to describe these technical behaviors. The analysis is interpretive and based on observable price action, not privileged information.
Purpose: Detect volume anomalies and price patterns that historically correlate with potential reversal zones or trend continuation failure.
Pattern Type 1 - Absorption (Labeled as "ACCUMULATION" or "DISTRIBUTION")
Detection Criteria: Volume is more than 2x the moving average AND bar range is less than 50 percent of the average bar range.
Interpretation: High volume compressed into a tight range suggests large participants are absorbing supply (accumulation) or distribution (distribution) without allowing price to move significantly. This often precedes directional moves once absorption completes.
Visual: Colored box zone highlighting the absorption area.
Pattern Type 2 - Stop Hunt (Labeled as "BULL HUNT" or "BEAR HUNT")
Detection Criteria: Price penetrates a recent 10-bar high or low by a small margin (0.2 percent), then closes back inside the range on above-average volume (1.5x+).
Interpretation: Price briefly spikes beyond recent structure (likely triggering stop losses placed just beyond obvious levels) then reverses. This is a classic false breakout pattern often seen before reversals.
Visual: Label at the wick extreme showing hunt direction.
Pattern Type 3 - Exhaustion (Labeled as "SELL EXHAUST" or "BUY EXHAUST")
Detection Criteria: Lower wick is more than 2.5x the body size with volume above 1.8x average and RSI below 35 (sell exhaustion), OR upper wick more than 2.5x body size with volume above 1.8x average and RSI above 65 (buy exhaustion).
Interpretation: Large wicks with high volume and extreme RSI suggest aggressive buying or selling was met with equally aggressive rejection. This exhaustion often marks short-term extremes.
Visual: Label showing exhaustion type.
How These Contribute: When a divergence forms at a pivot AND one of these behavioral patterns is active, the confluence score increases by 20 points. This confirms the divergence is occurring during structural anomaly activity, not just normal price flow.
Limitation If Used Alone: These patterns can occur mid-trend and do not indicate direction without momentum context. Absorption in a strong uptrend may just be continuation accumulation.
LAYER 4 - CONFLUENCE SCORING MATRIX (Quality Weighting System)
Purpose: Translate all detected conditions into a single 0-100 quality score so you can objectively compare setups.
Scoring Breakdown:
Divergence Present: +30 points (primary signal)
Pressure Confirmation: +25 points (volume supports direction)
Behavioral Footprint Active: +20 points (structural anomaly present)
RSI Extreme: +15 points (RSI below 30 or above 70 at pivot)
Volume Spike: +10 points (current volume above 1.5x average)
Maximum Possible Score: 100 points
Why These Weights: The weights reflect reliability hierarchy based on backtesting observation. Divergence is the core signal (30 points), but without volume confirmation (25 points) many fail. Behavioral patterns add meaningful context (20 points). RSI extremes and volume spikes are secondary confirmations (15 and 10 points).
Quality Tiers:
90-100: TEXTBOOK (all factors aligned)
75-89: HIGH QUALITY (strong confluence)
60-74: VALID (meets minimum threshold)
Below 60: DEVELOPING (not displayed unless threshold lowered)
How It Contributes: The confluence score allows you to filter noise. You can set your minimum quality threshold in settings. Higher thresholds (75+) show fewer but higher-quality patterns. Lower thresholds (50-60) show more patterns but include lower-confidence setups. This teaches you to distinguish strong setups from weak ones.
Limitation: Confluence scoring is historical observation-based, not predictive guarantee. A 95-point setup can still fail. The score represents technical alignment, not future certainty.
WHY THIS COMBINATION WORKS TOGETHER
Each layer addresses a limitation in the others:
RSI Divergence identifies WHEN momentum is exhausting (timing)
Volume Pressure confirms WHETHER the exhaustion is accompanied by opposite-side accumulation (confirmation)
Behavioral Footprint shows IF structural anomalies support the reversal hypothesis (context)
Confluence Scoring weights ALL factors into an objective quality metric (filtering)
Using only RSI divergence gives you timing without confirmation. Using only volume pressure gives you intensity without directional context. Using only pattern detection gives you anomalies without trend exhaustion context. Using all four together creates a complete analytical framework where each layer compensates for the others' weaknesses.
This is not a mashup for the sake of combining indicators. It is a structured analytical system where each component has a defined role in a multi-dimensional market assessment process.
HOW TO READ THE INDICATOR - VISUAL ELEMENTS GUIDE
VMDM displays up to five visual layer types. You can enable or disable each layer independently in settings under "Visual Layers."
VISUAL LAYER 1 - MARKET STRUCTURE (Pivot Points and Lines)
What You See:
Small labels at swing highs and lows marked "PH" (Pivot High) and "PL" (Pivot Low) with horizontal dashed lines extending right from each pivot.
What It Means:
These are CONFIRMED pivots, not real-time. A pivot low appears AFTER the required right-side confirmation bars pass (default 3 bars). This creates a delay but prevents repainting. The pivot only appears once it is mathematically confirmed.
The horizontal lines represent support (from pivot lows) and resistance (from pivot highs) levels where price previously found significant rejection.
Color Coding:
Green label and line: Pivot Low (potential support)
Red label and line: Pivot High (potential resistance)
How To Use:
These pivots are the foundation for divergence detection. Divergence is only calculated between confirmed pivots, ensuring all signals are non-repainting. The lines help you see historical structure levels.
VISUAL LAYER 2 - PRESSURE ZONES (Background Color)
What You See:
Subtle background color shading on bars - light green or light red tint.
What It Means:
This visualizes volume pressure strength in real-time.
Color Coding:
Light Green Background: Pressure Strength above 70 (strong buying pressure - price closing near highs on volume)
Light Red Background: Pressure Strength below 30 (strong selling pressure - price closing near lows on volume)
No Color: Neutral pressure (pressure between 30-70)
How To Use:
When a bullish divergence pattern appears during green pressure zones, it suggests the divergence is forming during accumulation. When a bearish divergence appears during red zones, distribution is occurring. Pressure zones help you filter divergences - those forming in supportive pressure environments have higher probability.
VISUAL LAYER 3 - DIVERGENCE LINES (Dotted Connectors)
What You See:
Dotted lines connecting two pivot points (either two pivot lows or two pivot highs).
What It Means:
A divergence has been detected between those two pivots. The line connects the price pivots where RSI showed opposite behavior.
Color Coding:
Bright Green Line: Bullish divergence (regular or hidden)
Bright Red Line: Bearish divergence (regular or hidden)
How To Use:
The divergence line appears ONLY after the second pivot is confirmed (delayed by right-side confirmation bars). This is intentional to prevent repainting. When you see the line appear, it means:
For Bullish Regular Divergence:
Price made a lower low (second pivot lower than first)
RSI made a higher low (RSI at second pivot higher than first)
Interpretation: Downtrend losing momentum
For Bullish Hidden Divergence:
Price made a higher low (second pivot higher than first)
RSI made a lower low (RSI at second pivot lower than first)
Interpretation: Uptrend continuation likely (pullback within uptrend)
For Bearish Regular Divergence:
Price made a higher high (second pivot higher than first)
RSI made a lower high (RSI at second pivot lower than first)
Interpretation: Uptrend losing momentum
For Bearish Hidden Divergence:
Price made a lower high (second pivot lower than first)
RSI made a higher high (RSI at second pivot higher than first)
Interpretation: Downtrend continuation likely (bounce within downtrend)
If "Show Consolidated Analysis Label" is disabled, a small label will appear on the divergence line showing the divergence type abbreviation.
VISUAL LAYER 4 - BEHAVIORAL FOOTPRINT MARKERS
What You See:
Boxes, labels, and markers at specific bars showing pattern detection.
ABSORPTION ZONES (Boxes):
Colored rectangular boxes spanning one or more bars.
Purple Box: Accumulation absorption zone (high volume, tight range, bullish close)
Red Box: Distribution absorption zone (high volume, tight range, bearish close)
If absorption continues for multiple consecutive bars, the box extends and a counter appears in the label showing how many bars the absorption lasted.
What It Means: Large volume is being absorbed without significant price movement. This often precedes directional breakouts once the absorption phase completes.
STOP HUNT MARKERS (Labels):
Small labels below or above wicks labeled "BULL HUNT" or "BEAR HUNT" (may show bar count if consecutive).
What It Means:
BULL HUNT : Price spiked below recent lows then reversed back up on volume - likely triggered sell stops before reversing
BEAR HUNT : Price spiked above recent highs then reversed back down on volume - likely triggered buy stops before reversing
EXHAUSTION MARKERS (Labels):
Labels showing "SELL EXHAUST" or "BUY EXHAUST."
What It Means:
SELL EXHAUST : Large lower wick with high volume and low RSI - aggressive selling met with strong rejection
BUY EXHAUST : Large upper wick with high volume and high RSI - aggressive buying met with strong rejection
How To Use:
These markers help you identify WHERE structural anomalies occurred. When a divergence signal appears AT THE SAME TIME as one of these patterns, the confluence score increases. You are looking for alignment - divergence + behavioral pattern + pressure confirmation = high-quality setup.
VISUAL LAYER 5 - CONSOLIDATED ANALYSIS LABEL (Main Pattern Signal)
What You See:
A large label appearing at pivot points (or in real-time mode, at current bar) containing full pattern analysis.
Label Appearance:
Depending on your "Use Compact Label Format" setting:
COMPACT MODE (Single Line):
Example: "BULLISH REGULAR | Q:HIGH QUALITY C:82"
Breakdown:
BULLISH REGULAR: Divergence type detected
Q:HIGH QUALITY: Pattern quality tier
C:82: Confluence score (82 out of 100)
FULL MODE (Multi-Line Detailed):
Example:
PATTERN DETECTED
-------------------
BULLISH REGULAR
Quality: HIGH QUALITY
Price: Lower Low
Momentum: Higher Low
Signal: Weakening Downtrend
CONFLUENCE: 82/100
-------------------
Divergence: 30
Pressure: 25
Institutional: 20
RSI Extreme: 0
Volume: 10
Breakdown:
Top section: Pattern type and quality
Middle section: Divergence explanation (what price did vs what RSI did)
Bottom section: Confluence score with itemized breakdown showing which factors contributed
Label Position:
In Confirmed modes: Label appears AT the pivot point (delayed by confirmation bars)
In Real-time mode: Label appears at current bar as conditions develop
Label Color:
Gold: Textbook quality (90+ confluence)
Green: High quality (75-89 confluence)
Blue: Valid quality (60-74 confluence)
How To Use:
This is your primary decision-making label. When it appears:
Check the divergence type (regular divergences are reversal signals, hidden divergences are continuation signals)
Review the quality tier (textbook and high quality have better historical win rates)
Examine the confluence breakdown to see which factors are present and which are missing
Look at the chart context (trend, support/resistance, timeframe)
Use this information to assess whether the setup aligns with your strategy
The label does NOT tell you to buy or sell. It tells you a technical pattern has formed and provides the quality assessment. Your trading decision must incorporate risk management, market context, and your strategy rules.
UNDERSTANDING THE THREE DETECTION MODES
VMDM offers three signal detection modes in settings to accommodate different trading styles and learning objectives.
MODE 1: "Confluence Only (Real-Time)"
How It Works: Displays signals AS THEY DEVELOP on the current bar without waiting for pivot confirmation. The system calculates confluence score from pressure, volume, RSI extremes, and behavioral patterns. Divergence signals are NOT required in this mode.
Delay: ZERO - signals appear immediately.
Use Case: Real-time scanning for high-confluence zones without divergence requirement. Useful for intraday traders who want immediate alerts when multiple factors align.
Tradeoff: More frequent signals but includes setups without confirmed divergence. Higher false signal rate. Signals can change as the bar develops (not repainting in historical bars, but current bar updates).
Visual Behavior: Labels appear at the current bar. No divergence lines unless divergence happens to be present.
MODE 2: "Divergence + Confluence (Confirmed)" - DEFAULT RECOMMENDED
How It Works: Full system engagement. Signals appear ONLY when:
A pivot is confirmed (requires right-side confirmation bars to pass)
Divergence is detected between current pivot and previous pivot
Total confluence score meets or exceeds your minimum threshold
Delay: Equal to your "Pivot Right Bars" setting (default 3 bars). This means signals appear 3 bars AFTER the actual pivot formed.
Use Case: Highest-quality, non-repainting signals for swing traders and learners who want to study confirmed pattern completion.
Tradeoff: Delayed signals. You will not receive the signal until confirmation occurs. In fast-moving markets, price may have already moved significantly by the time the signal appears.
Visual Behavior: Labels appear at the historical pivot location (in the past). Divergence lines connect the two pivots. This is the most educational mode because it shows completed, confirmed patterns.
Non-Repainting Guarantee: Yes. Once a signal appears, it never disappears or changes.
MODE 3: "Divergence + Confluence (Relaxed)"
How It Works: Same as Confirmed mode but with adaptive thresholds. If confluence is very high (10 points above threshold), the signal may appear even if some factors are weak. If divergence is present but confluence is slightly below threshold (within 10 points), it may still appear.
Delay: Same as Confirmed mode (right-side confirmation bars).
Use Case: Slightly more signals than Confirmed mode for traders willing to accept near-threshold setups.
Tradeoff: More signals but lower average quality than Confirmed mode.
Visual Behavior: Same as Confirmed mode.
DASHBOARD GUIDE - READING THE METRICS
The dashboard appears in the corner of your chart (position selectable in settings) and provides real-time market state analysis.
You can choose between four dashboard detail levels in settings: Off, Compact, Optimized (default), Full.
DASHBOARD ROW EXPLANATIONS
ROW 1 - Header Information
Left: Current symbol and timeframe
Center: "VMDM "
Right: Version number
ROW 2 - Mode and Delay
Shows which detection mode you are using and the signal delay.
Example: "CONFIRMED | Delay: 3 bars"
This reminds you that signals in confirmed mode appear 3 bars after the pivot forms.
ROW 3 - Market Regime
Format: "TREND UP HV" or "RANGING NV"
First Part - Trend State:
TREND UP: 20 EMA above 50 EMA with strong separation
TREND DOWN: 20 EMA below 50 EMA with strong separation
RANGING: EMAs close together, low trend strength
TRANSITION: Between trending and ranging states
Second Part - Volatility State:
HV: High Volatility (current ATR more than 1.3x the 50-bar average ATR)
NV: Normal Volatility (current ATR between 0.7x and 1.3x average)
LV: Low Volatility (current ATR less than 0.7x average)
Third Column: Volatility ratio (example: "1.45x" means current ATR is 1.45 times normal)
How To Use: Regime context helps you interpret signals. Reversal divergences are more reliable in ranging or transitional regimes. Continuation divergences (hidden) are more reliable in trending regimes. High volatility means wider stops may be needed.
ROW 4 - Pressure
Shows current volume pressure state.
Format: "BUYING | ██████████░░░░░░░░░"
States:
BUYING : Pressure strength above 60 (closes near highs)
SELLING : Pressure strength below 40 (closes near lows)
NEUTRAL : Pressure strength between 40-60
Bar Visualization: Each block represents 10 percentile points. A full bar (10 filled blocks) = 100th percentile pressure.
Color: Green for buying, red for selling, gray for neutral.
How To Use: When pressure aligns with divergence direction (bullish divergence during buying pressure), confluence is stronger.
ROW 5 - Volume and RSI
Format: "1.8x | RSI 68 | OB"
First Value: Current volume ratio (1.8x = volume is 1.8 times the moving average)
Second Value: Current RSI reading
Third Value: RSI state
OB: Overbought (RSI above 70)
OS: Oversold (RSI below 30)
Blank: Neutral RSI
How To Use: Volume spikes (above 1.5x) during divergence formation add confluence. RSI extremes at pivots add confluence.
ROW 6 - Behavioral Footprint
Format: "BULL HUNT | 2 bars"
Shows the most recent behavioral pattern detected and how long ago.
States:
ACCUMULATION / DISTRIBUTION: Absorption detected
BULL HUNT / BEAR HUNT: Stop hunt detected
SELL EXHAUST / BUY EXHAUST: Exhaustion detected
SCANNING: No recent pattern
NOW: Pattern is active on current bar
How To Use: When footprint activity is recent (within 50 bars) or active now, it adds context to divergence signals forming in that area.
ROW 7 - Current Pattern
Shows the divergence type currently detected (if any).
Examples: "BULLISH REGULAR", "BEARISH HIDDEN", "Scanning..."
Quality: Shows pattern quality (TEXTBOOK, HIGH QUALITY, VALID)
How To Use: This tells you what type of signal is active. Regular divergences are reversal setups. Hidden divergences are continuation setups.
ROW 8 - Session Summary
Format: "14 events | A3 H8 E3"
First Value: Total institutional events this session
Breakdown:
A: Absorption events
H: Stop hunt events
E: Exhaustion events
How To Use: High event counts suggest an active, volatile session with frequent structural anomalies. Low counts suggest quiet, orderly price action.
ROW 9 - Confluence Score (Optimized/Full mode only)
Format: "78/100 | ████████░░"
Shows current real-time confluence score even if no pattern is confirmed yet.
How To Use: Watch this in real-time to see how close you are to pattern formation. When it exceeds your threshold and divergence forms, a signal will appear (after confirmation delay).
ROW 10 - Patterns Studied (Optimized/Full mode only)
Format: "47 patterns | 12 bars ago"
First Value: Total confirmed patterns detected since chart loaded
Second Value: How many bars since the last confirmed pattern appeared
How To Use: Helps you understand pattern frequency on your selected symbol and timeframe. If many bars have passed since last pattern, market may be trending without reversal opportunities.
ROW 11 - Bull/Bear Ratio (Optimized/Full mode only)
Format: "28:19 | BULL"
Shows count of bullish vs bearish patterns detected.
Balance:
BULL: More bullish patterns detected (suggests market has had more bullish reversals/continuations)
BEAR: More bearish patterns detected
BAL: Equal counts
How To Use: Extreme imbalances can indicate directional bias in the studied period. A heavily bullish ratio in a downtrend might suggest frequent failed rallies (bearish continuation). Context matters.
ROW 12 - Volume Ratio Detail (Optimized/Full mode only)
Shows current volume vs average volume in absolute terms.
Example: "1.4x | 45230 / 32300"
How To Use: Confirms whether current activity is above or below normal.
ROW 13 - Last Institutional Event (Full mode only)
Shows the most recent institutional pattern type and how many bars ago it occurred.
Example: "DISTRIBUTION | 23 bars"
How To Use: Tracks recency of last anomaly for context.
SETTINGS GUIDE - EVERY PARAMETER EXPLAINED
PERFORMANCE SECTION
Enable All Visuals (Master Toggle)
Default: ON
What It Does: Master kill switch for ALL visual elements (labels, lines, boxes, background colors, dashboard). When OFF, only plot outputs remain (invisible unless you open data window).
When To Change: Turn OFF on mobile devices, 1-second charts, or slow computers to improve performance. You can still receive alerts even with visuals disabled.
Impact: Dramatic performance improvement when OFF, but you lose all visual feedback.
Maximum Object History
Default: 50 | Range: 10-100
What It Does: Limits how many of each object type (labels, lines, boxes) are kept in memory. Older objects beyond this limit are deleted.
When To Change: Lower to 20-30 on fast timeframes (1-minute charts) to prevent slowdown. Increase to 100 on daily charts if you want more historical pattern visibility.
Impact: Lower values = better performance but less historical visibility. Higher values = more history visible but potential slowdown on fast timeframes.
Alert Cooldown (Bars)
Default: 5 | Range: 1-50
What It Does: Minimum number of bars that must pass before another alert of the same type can fire. Prevents alert spam when multiple patterns form in quick succession.
When To Change: Increase to 20+ on 1-minute charts to reduce noise. Decrease to 1-2 on daily charts if you want every pattern alerted.
Impact: Higher cooldown = fewer alerts. Lower cooldown = more alerts.
USER EXPERIENCE SECTION
Show Enhanced Tooltips
Default: ON
What It Does: Enables detailed hover-over tooltips on labels and visual elements.
When To Change: Turn OFF if you encounter Pine Script compilation errors related to tooltip arguments (rare, platform-specific issue).
Impact: Minimal. Just adds helpful hover text.
MARKET STRUCTURE DETECTION SECTION
Pivot Left Bars
Default: 3 | Range: 2-10
What It Does: Number of bars to the LEFT of the center bar that must be higher (for pivot low) or lower (for pivot high) than the center bar for a pivot to be valid.
Example: With value 3, a pivot low requires the center bar's low to be lower than the 3 bars to its left.
When To Change:
Increase to 5-7 on noisy timeframes (1-minute charts) to filter insignificant pivots
Decrease to 2 on slow timeframes (daily charts) to catch more pivots
Impact: Higher values = fewer, more significant pivots = fewer signals. Lower values = more frequent pivots = more signals but more noise.
Pivot Right Bars
Default: 3 | Range: 2-10
What It Does: Number of bars to the RIGHT of the center bar that must pass for confirmation. This creates the non-repainting delay.
Example: With value 3, a pivot is confirmed 3 bars AFTER it forms.
When To Change:
Increase to 5-7 for slower, more confirmed signals (better for swing trading)
Decrease to 2 for faster signals (better for intraday, but still non-repainting)
Impact: Higher values = longer delay but more reliable confirmation. Lower values = faster signals but less confirmation. This setting directly controls your signal delay in Confirmed and Relaxed modes.
Minimum Confluence Score
Default: 60 | Range: 40-95
What It Does: The threshold score required for a pattern to be displayed. Patterns with confluence scores below this threshold are not shown.
When To Change:
Increase to 75+ if you only want high-quality textbook setups (fewer signals)
Decrease to 50-55 if you want to see more developing patterns (more signals, lower average quality)
Impact: This is your primary signal filter. Higher threshold = fewer, higher-quality signals. Lower threshold = more signals but includes weaker setups. Recommended starting point is 60-65.
TECHNICAL PERIODS SECTION
RSI Period
Default: 14 | Range: 5-50
What It Does: Lookback period for RSI calculation.
When To Change:
Decrease to 9-10 for faster, more sensitive RSI that detects shorter-term momentum changes
Increase to 21-28 for slower, smoother RSI that filters noise
Impact: Lower values make RSI more volatile (more frequent extremes and divergences). Higher values make RSI smoother (fewer but more significant divergences). 14 is industry standard.
Volume Moving Average Period
Default: 20 | Range: 10-200
What It Does: Lookback period for calculating average volume. Current volume is compared to this average to determine volume ratio.
When To Change:
Decrease to 10-14 for shorter-term volume comparison (more sensitive to recent volume changes)
Increase to 50-100 for longer-term volume comparison (smoother, less sensitive)
Impact: Lower values make volume ratio more volatile. Higher values make it more stable. 20 is standard.
ATR Period
Default: 14 | Range: 5-100
What It Does: Lookback period for Average True Range calculation used for volatility measurement and label positioning.
When To Change: Rarely needs adjustment. Use 7-10 for faster volatility response, 21-28 for slower.
Impact: Affects volatility ratio calculation and visual label spacing. Minimal impact on signals.
Pressure Percentile Lookback
Default: 50 | Range: 10-300
What It Does: Lookback period for calculating volume pressure percentile ranking. Your current pressure is ranked against the pressure of the last X bars.
When To Change:
Decrease to 20-30 for shorter-term pressure context (more responsive to recent changes)
Increase to 100-200 for longer-term pressure context (smoother rankings)
Impact: Lower values make pressure strength more sensitive to recent bars. Higher values provide more stable, long-term pressure assessment. Capped at 300 for performance reasons.
SIGNAL DETECTION SECTION
Signal Detection Mode
Default: "Divergence + Confluence (Confirmed)"
Options:
Confluence Only (Real-time)
Divergence + Confluence (Confirmed)
Divergence + Confluence (Relaxed)
What It Does: Selects which detection logic mode to use (see "Understanding The Three Detection Modes" section above).
When To Change: Use Confirmed for learning and non-repainting signals. Use Real-time for live scanning without divergence requirement. Use Relaxed for slightly more signals than Confirmed.
Impact: Fundamentally changes when and how signals appear.
VISUAL LAYERS SECTION
All toggles default to ON. Each controls visibility of one visual layer:
Show Market Structure: Pivot markers and support/resistance lines
Show Pressure Zones: Background color shading
Show Divergence Lines: Dotted lines connecting pivots
Show Institutional Footprint Markers: Absorption boxes, hunt labels, exhaustion labels
Show Consolidated Analysis Label: Main pattern detection label
Use Compact Label Format
Default: OFF
What It Does: Switches consolidated label between single-line compact format and multi-line detailed format.
When To Change: Turn ON if you find full labels too large or distracting.
Impact: Visual clarity vs. information density tradeoff.
DASHBOARD SECTION
Dashboard Mode
Default: "Optimized"
Options: Off, Compact, Optimized, Full
What It Does: Controls how much information the dashboard displays.
Off: No dashboard
Compact: 8 rows (essential metrics only)
Optimized: 12 rows (recommended balance)
Full: 13 rows (every available metric)
Dashboard Position
Default: "Top Right"
Options: Top Right, Top Left, Bottom Right, Bottom Left
What It Does: Screen corner where dashboard appears.
HOW TO USE VMDM - PRACTICAL WORKFLOW
STEP 1 - INITIAL SETUP
Add VMDM to your chart
Select your detection mode (Confirmed recommended for learning)
Set your minimum confluence score (start with 60-65)
Adjust pivot parameters if needed (default 3/3 is good for most timeframes)
Enable the visual layers you want to see
STEP 2 - CHART ANALYSIS
Let the indicator load and analyze historical data
Review the patterns that appear historically
Examine the confluence scores - notice which patterns had higher scores
Observe which patterns occurred during supportive pressure zones
Notice the divergence line connections - understand what price vs RSI did
STEP 3 - PATTERN RECOGNITION LEARNING
When a consolidated analysis label appears:
Read the divergence type (regular or hidden, bullish or bearish)
Check the quality tier (textbook, high quality, or valid)
Review the confluence breakdown - which factors contributed
Look at the chart context - where is price relative to structure, trend, etc.
Observe the behavioral footprint markers nearby - do they support the pattern
STEP 4 - REAL-TIME MONITORING
Watch the dashboard for real-time regime and pressure state
Monitor the current confluence score in the dashboard
When it approaches your threshold, be alert for potential pattern formation
When a new pattern appears (after confirmation delay), evaluate it using the workflow above
Use your trading strategy rules to decide if the setup aligns with your criteria
STEP 5 - POST-PATTERN OBSERVATION
After a pattern appears:
Mark the level on your chart
Observe what price does after the pattern completes
Did price respect the reversal/continuation signal
What was the confluence score of patterns that worked vs. those that failed
Learn which quality tiers and confluence levels produce better results on your specific symbol and timeframe
RECOMMENDED TIMEFRAMES AND ASSET CLASSES
VMDM is timeframe-agnostic and works on any asset with volume data. However, optimal performance varies:
BEST TIMEFRAMES
15-Minute to 1-Hour: Ideal balance of signal frequency and reliability. Pivot confirmation delay is acceptable. Sufficient volume data for pressure analysis.
4-Hour to Daily: Excellent for swing trading. Very high-quality signals. Lower frequency but higher significance. Recommended for learning because patterns are clearer.
1-Minute to 5-Minute: Works but requires adjustment. Increase pivot bars to 5-7 for filtering. Decrease max object history to 30 for performance. Expect more noise.
Weekly/Monthly: Works but very infrequent signals. Increase confluence threshold to 70+ to ensure only major patterns appear.
BEST ASSET CLASSES
Forex Majors: Excellent volume data and clear trends. Pressure analysis works well.
Crypto (Major Pairs): Good volume data. High volatility makes divergences more pronounced. Works very well.
Stock Indices (SPY, QQQ, etc.): Excellent. Clean price action and reliable volume.
Individual Stocks: Works well on high-volume stocks. Low-volume stocks may produce unreliable pressure readings.
Commodities (Gold, Oil, etc.): Works well. Clear trends and reactions.
WHAT THIS INDICATOR CANNOT DO - LIMITATIONS
LIMITATION 1 - It Does Not Predict The Future
VMDM identifies when technical conditions align historically associated with potential reversals or continuations. It does not predict what will happen next. A textbook 95-confluence pattern can still fail if fundamental events, news, or larger timeframe structure override the setup.
LIMITATION 2 - Confirmation Delay Means You Miss Early Entry
In Confirmed and Relaxed modes, the non-repainting design means you receive signals AFTER the pivot is confirmed. Price may have already moved significantly by the time you receive the signal. This is the tradeoff for non-repainting reliability. You can use Real-time mode for faster signals but sacrifice divergence confirmation.
LIMITATION 3 - It Does Not Tell You Position Sizing or Risk Management
VMDM provides technical pattern analysis. It does not calculate stop loss levels, take profit targets, or position sizing. You must apply your own risk management rules. Never risk more than you can afford to lose based on a technical signal.
LIMITATION 4 - Volume Pressure Analysis Requires Reliable Volume Data
On assets with thin volume or unreliable volume reporting, pressure analysis may be inaccurate. Stick to major liquid assets with consistent volume data.
LIMITATION 5 - It Cannot Detect Fundamental Events
VMDM is purely technical. It cannot predict earnings reports, central bank decisions, geopolitical events, or other fundamental catalysts that can override technical patterns.
LIMITATION 6 - Divergence Requires Two Pivots
The indicator cannot detect divergence until at least two pivots of the same type have formed. In strong trends without pullbacks, you may go long periods without signals.
LIMITATION 7 - Institutional Pattern Names Are Interpretive
The behavioral footprint patterns are named using common trading education terminology, but they are detected through technical analysis, not actual institutional data access. The patterns are interpretations based on price and volume behavior.
CONCEPT FOUNDATION - WHY THIS APPROACH WORKS
MARKET PRINCIPLE 1 - Momentum Divergence Precedes Price Reversal
Price is the final output of market forces, but momentum (the rate of change in those forces) shifts first. When price makes a new low but the momentum behind that move is weaker (higher RSI low), it signals that sellers are losing strength even though they temporarily pushed price lower. This precedes reversal. This is a fundamental principle in technical analysis taught by Charles Dow, widely observed in market behavior.
MARKET PRINCIPLE 2 - Volume Reveals Conviction
Price can move on low volume (low conviction) or high volume (high conviction). When price makes a new low on declining volume while RSI shows improving momentum, it suggests the new low is not confirmed by participant conviction. Adding volume pressure analysis to momentum divergence adds a confirmation layer that filters false divergences.
MARKET PRINCIPLE 3 - Anomalies Mark Structural Extremes
When volume spikes significantly but range contracts (absorption), or when price spikes beyond structure then reverses (stop hunt), or when aggressive moves are met with large-wick rejection (exhaustion), these anomalies often mark short-term extremes. Combining these structural observations with momentum analysis creates context.
MARKET PRINCIPLE 4 - Confluence Improves Probability
No single technical factor is reliable in isolation. RSI divergence alone fails frequently. Volume analysis alone cannot time entries. Combining multiple independent factors into a weighted system increases the probability that observed patterns have structural significance rather than random noise.
THE EDUCATIONAL VALUE
By visualizing all four layers simultaneously and breaking down the confluence scoring transparently, VMDM teaches you to think in terms of multi-dimensional analysis rather than single-indicator reliance. Over time, you will learn to recognize these patterns manually and understand which combinations produce better results on your traded assets.
INSTITUTIONAL TERMINOLOGY - IMPORTANT CLARIFICATION
This indicator uses the following terms that are common in trading education:
Institutional Footprint
Absorption (Accumulation / Distribution)
Stop Hunt
Exhaustion
CRITICAL DISCLAIMER:
These terms are EDUCATIONAL LABELS for specific price action and volume behavior patterns detected through technical analysis of publicly available chart data (open, high, low, close, volume). This indicator does NOT have access to:
Actual institutional order flow or order book data
Market maker positions or intentions
Broker stop-loss databases
Non-public trading data
Proprietary institutional information
The patterns labeled as "institutional footprint" are interpretations based on observable price and volume behavior that educational trading literature often associates with potential large-participant activity. The detection is algorithmic pattern recognition, not privileged data access.
When this indicator identifies "absorption," it means it detected high volume within a small range - a condition that MAY indicate large orders being filled but is not confirmation of actual institutional participation.
When it identifies a "stop hunt," it means price briefly penetrated a structural level then reversed - a pattern that MAY have triggered stop losses but is not confirmation that stops were specifically targeted.
When it identifies "exhaustion," it means high volume with large rejection wicks - a pattern that MAY indicate aggressive participation meeting strong opposition but is not confirmation of institutional involvement.
These are technical analysis interpretations, not factual statements about market participant identity or intent.
DISCLAIMER AND RISK WARNING
EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE ONLY
This indicator is designed as an educational tool to help traders learn to recognize technical patterns, understand multi-factor analysis, and practice systematic market observation. It is NOT a trading system, signal service, or financial advice.
NO PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE
Past pattern behavior does not guarantee future results. A pattern that historically preceded price movement in one direction may fail in the future due to changing market conditions, fundamental events, or random variance. Confluence scores reflect historical technical alignment, not future certainty.
TRADING INVOLVES SUBSTANTIAL RISK
Trading financial instruments involves substantial risk of loss. You can lose more than your initial investment. Never trade with money you cannot afford to lose. Always use proper risk management including stop losses, position sizing, and portfolio diversification.
NO PREDICTIVE CLAIMS
This indicator does NOT predict future price movement. It identifies when technical conditions align in patterns that historically have been associated with potential reversals or continuations. Market behavior is probabilistic, not deterministic.
BACKTESTING LIMITATIONS
If you backtest trading strategies using this indicator, ensure you account for:
Realistic commission costs
Realistic slippage (difference between signal price and actual fill price)
Sufficient sample size (minimum 100 trades for statistical relevance)
Reasonable position sizing (risking no more than 1-2 percent of account per trade)
The confirmation delay inherent in the indicator (you cannot enter at the exact pivot in Confirmed mode)
Backtests that do not account for these factors will produce unrealistic results.
AUTHOR LIABILITY
The author (BullByte) is not responsible for any trading losses incurred using this indicator. By using this indicator, you acknowledge that all trading decisions are your sole responsibility and that you understand the risks involved.
NOT FINANCIAL ADVICE
Nothing in this indicator, its code, its description, or its visual outputs constitutes financial, investment, or trading advice. Consult a licensed financial advisor before making investment decisions.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Q: Why do signals appear in the past, not at the current bar
A: In Confirmed and Relaxed modes, signals appear at confirmed pivots, which requires waiting for right-side confirmation bars (default 3). This creates a delay but prevents repainting. Use Real-time mode if you want current-bar signals without pivot confirmation.
Q: Can I use this for automated trading
A: You can create alert-based automation, but understand that Confirmed mode signals appear AFTER the pivot with delay, so your entry will not be at the pivot price. Real-time mode signals can change as the current bar develops. Automation requires careful consideration of these factors.
Q: How do I know which confluence score to use
A: Start with 60. Observe which patterns work on your symbol/timeframe. If too many false signals, increase to 70-75. If too few signals, decrease to 55. Quality vs. quantity tradeoff.
Q: Do regular divergences mean I should enter a reversal trade immediately
A: No. Regular divergences indicate momentum exhaustion, which is a WARNING sign that trend may reverse, not a confirmation that it will. Use confluence score, market context, support/resistance, and your strategy rules to make entry decisions. Many divergences fail.
Q: What's the difference between regular and hidden divergence
A: Regular divergence = price and momentum move in opposite directions at extremes = potential reversal signal. Hidden divergence = price and momentum move in opposite directions during pullbacks = potential continuation signal. Hidden divergence suggests the pullback is just a correction within the larger trend.
Q: Why does the pressure zone color sometimes conflict with the divergence direction
A: Pressure is real-time current bar analysis. Divergence is confirmed pivot analysis from the past. They measure different things at different times. A bullish divergence confirmed 3 bars ago might appear during current selling pressure. This is normal.
Q: Can I use this on stocks without volume data
A: No. Volume is required for pressure analysis and behavioral pattern detection. Use only on assets with reliable volume reporting.
Q: How often should I expect signals
A: Depends on timeframe and settings. Daily charts might produce 5-10 signals per month. 1-hour charts might produce 20-30. 15-minute charts might produce 50-100. Adjust confluence threshold to control frequency.
Q: Can I modify the code
A: Yes, this is open source. You can modify for personal use. If you publish a modified version, please credit the original and ensure your publication meets TradingView guidelines.
Q: What if I disagree with a pattern's confluence score
A: The scoring weights are based on general observations and may not suit your specific strategy or asset. You can modify the code to adjust weights if you have data-driven reasons to do so.
Final Notes
VMDM - Volume, Momentum and Divergence Master is an educational multi-layer market analysis system designed to teach systematic pattern recognition through transparent, confluence-weighted signal detection. By combining RSI momentum divergence, volume pressure quantification, behavioral footprint pattern recognition, and quality scoring into a unified framework, it provides a comprehensive learning environment for understanding market structure.
Use this tool to develop your analytical skills, understand how multiple technical factors interact, and learn to distinguish high-quality setups from noise. Remember that technical analysis is probabilistic, not predictive. No indicator replaces proper education, risk management, and trading discipline.
Trade responsibly. Learn continuously. Risk only what you can afford to lose.
-BullByte
