Weighted Fourier Transform: Spectral Gating & Main Frequency🙏🏻 This drop has 2 purposes:
1) to inform every1 who'd ever see it that Weighted Fourier Tranform does exist, while being available nowhere online, not even in papers, yet there's nothing incredibly complicated about it, and it can/should be used in certain cases;
2) to show TradingView users how they can use it now in dem endevours, to show em what spectral filtering is, and what can they do with all of it in diy mode.
... so we gonna have 2 sections in the description
Section 1: Weighted Fourier Transform
It's quite easy to include weights in Fourier analysis: you just premultiply each datapoint by its corresponding weight -> feed to direct Fourier Transform, and then divide by weights after inverse Fourier transform. Alternatevely, in direct transform you just multiply contributions of each data point to the real and imaginary parts of the Fourier transform by corresponding weights (in accumulation phase), and in inverse transform you divide by weights instead during the accumulation phase. Everything else stays the same just like in non-weighted version.
If you're from the first target group let's say, you prolly know a thing or deux about how to code & about Fourier Transform, so you can just check lines of code to see the implementation of Weighted Discrete version of Fourier Transform, and port it to to any technology you desire. Pine Script is a developing technology that is incredibly comfortable in use for quant-related tasks and anything involving time series in general. While also using Python for research and C++ for development, every time I can do what I want in Pine Script, I reach for it and never touch matlab, python, R, or anything else.
Weighted version allows you to explicetly include order/time information into the operation, which is essential with every time series, although not widely used in mainstream just as many other obvious and right things. If you think deeply, you'll understand that you can apply a usual non-weighted Fourier to any 2d+ data you can (even if none of these dimensions represent time), because this is a geometric tool in essence. By applying linearly decaying weights inside Fourier transform, you're explicetly saying, "one of these dimensions is Time, and weights represent the order". And obviously you can combine multiple weightings, eg time and another characteristic of each datum, allows you to include another non-spatial dimension in your model.
By doing that, on properly processed (not only stationary but Also centered around zero data), you can get some interesting results that you won't be able to recreate without weights:
^^ A sine wave, centered around zero, period of 16. Gray line made by: DWFT (direct weighted Fourier transform) -> spectral gating -> IWFT (inverse weighted Fourier transform) -> plotting the last value of gated reconstructed data, all applied to expanding window. Look how precisely it follows the original data (the sine wave) with no lag at all. This can't be done by using non-weighted version of Fourier transform.
^^ spectral filtering applied to the whole dataset, calculated on the latest data update
And you should never forget about Fast Fourier Transform, tho it needs recursion...
Section 2: About use cases for quant trading, about this particular implementaion in Pine Script 6 (currently the latest version as of Friday 13, December 2k24).
Given the current state of things, we have certain limits on matrix size on TradingView (and we need big dope matrixes to calculate polynomial regression -> detrend & center our data before Fourier), and recursion is not yet available in Pine Script, so the script works on short datasets only, and requires some time.
A note on detrending. For quality results, Fourier Transform should be applied to not only stationary but also centered around zero data. The rightest way to do detrending of time series
is to fit Cumulative Weighted Moving Polynomial Regression (known as WLSMA in some narrow circles xD) and calculate the deltas between datapoint at time t and this wonderful fit at time t. That's exactly what you see on the main chart of script description: notice the distances between chart and WLSMA, now look lower and see how it matches the distances between zero and purple line in WFT study. Using residuals of one regression fit of the whole dataset makes less sense in time series context, we break some 'time' and order rules in a way, tho not many understand/cares abouit it in mainstream quant industry.
Two ways of using the script:
Spectral Gating aka Spectral filtering. Frequency domain filtering is quite responsive and for a greater computational cost does not introduce a lag the way it works with time-domain filtering. Works this way: direct Fourier transform your data to get frequency & phase info -> compute power spectrum out of it -> zero out all dem freqs that ain't hit your threshold -> inverse Fourier tranform what's left -> repeat at each datapoint plotting the very first value of reconstructed array*. With this you can watch for zero crossings to make appropriate trading decisions.
^^ plot Freq pass to use the script this way, use Level setting to control the intensity of gating. These 3 only available values: -1, 0 and 1, are the general & natural ones.
* if you turn on labels in script's style settings, you see the gray dots perfectly fitting your data. They get recalculated (for the whole dataset) at each update. You call it repainting, this is for analytical & aesthetic purposes. Included for demonstration only.
Finding main/dominant frequency & period. You can use it to set up Length for your other studies, and for analytical purposes simply to understand the periodicity of your data.
^^ plot main frequency/main period to use the script this way. On the screenshot, you can see the script applied to sine wave of period 16, notice how many datapoints it took the algo to figure out the signal's period quite good in expanding window mode
Now what's the next step? You can try applying signal windowing techniques to make it all less data-driven but your ego-driven, make a weighted periodogram or autocorrelogram (check Wiener-Khinchin Theorem ), and maybe whole shiny spectrogram?
... you decide, choice is yours,
The butterfly reflect the doors ...
∞
Komut dosyalarını "如何用wind搜索股票的发行价和份数" için ara
Points of InterestIndicator for displaying a timed, intraday Range of Price as a Point of Interest (POI) that you may want to track when trading as a potential magnet for price. Quite often you will see Price return to prior days price range before continuing to move. This enables you to track specific portions of a Days Trading session to see what has been revisited and what has not yet been re traded to.
The range is tracked for each trading day between the times that you specify in the Inputs ‘POI Time’ parameter You can also set the Time zone of the Range.
It will mark the Range High and Low for the timed range with lines that can be optionally extended and can be customised in terms of colour, style and width.
It will also Plot a line showing the Equilibrium of the range which is 50% from the High to the Low point of price during the time window that you specified in the ‘POI Time’ Parameter. This can also be customised in terms of visibility, colour, style and width.
You can control an optional Label for the POI Equilibrium Line to include a combination of a user defined prefix, the Date that the POI Equilibrium Line’s range is from and the Price Level of the Equilibrium Line. The colour and size of the label is also configurable
This indicator will also track when a POI Equilibrium Line has been traded to or ‘Tapped’. The tracking can be started after a configurable number of minutes have elapsed from the end of the POI Time window. This can also be customised in terms of visibility, colour, style, extended toggle and width.
Optionally Taps of the POI Equilibrium Level can be counted as valid during specific time windows or session of the day - for example only count taps during New York Morning Trading session.
The indicator uses Lower Time Frame data to compute the Range and 50% / Equilibrium Level so will work accurately on Chart Timeframes up to and including Daily with The POI Time specified down to a Minute resolution.
j trader ModelAn indicator designed to trade indices using the jtrader model and ICT concepts.
jtrader Model:
Below are the key points to trade this model:
Power of 3 is the key element of this model.
Accumulation during pre NY open.NY Open represents 9:30am opening of NY Stock Exchange.
Manipulation(JUDA) immediately after NY open. Juda is a manipulated move by the indices after the session open.
Distribution as a reversal with BOS ,Heatmap preferably during Macros. Distribution is market phase where it moves towards its original expansion during macros. Macros are 20 minute time windows where indices give moves with strong force. Heatmap represent kis point of interests for the trade.
Indicator Features:
Creates a complete window of trading with key elements needed to trade The jtrader Model.
Identify and marks key points of interests (POIs).
Identify and highlights key swing points of Sessions, Days, Weeks, True open etc.
Highlights the NY Open.
Highlights the Macros.
Indicator Settings:
Enable/Disable any POI marking.
Adjust session time ranges.
Adjust enabling of model poi marking time window.
Choose color of choice for highlighting the POI.
Enable/Disable Macros.
This indicator will gradually updated with new features to trade the jtrader model. Your feedback will help us improve and enhance this indicator.
Gaussian Moving Average (GA)The Gaussian moving average (GA) is a technical analysis tool that is used to smooth out price data and identify trends. It is similar to a simple moving average (SMA), but instead of using equal weights for each value in the calculation, it uses a Gaussian distribution to assign weights. This means that the values at the edges of the calculation window have lower weights and are given less importance in the moving average calculation, while the values at the center of the window have higher weights and are given more importance. This helps to reduce the impact of noisy or outlying data points on the moving average and make it more responsive to changes in the underlying trend.
To calculate the GA, the script first defines the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. This is a measure of how spread out the values in the distribution are and can be adjusted to change the shape of the curve. The default value in the script is set to one quarter of the length of the calculation window, which gives a bell-shaped curve with a peak at the center of the window.
Next, the script generates an array of indices from 1 to the length of the calculation window. This is used to calculate the weights for each value in the moving average calculation. The weights are calculated using the Gaussian distribution, with the indices as the input values and the standard deviation as a parameter. This produces a set of weights that are highest at the center of the window and decrease towards the edges.
Finally, the script calculates the weighted sum of the values in the calculation window using the weights. This is divided by the sum of the weights to give the moving average value. The resulting moving average is smoother and more responsive to changes in the underlying trend than a simple moving average, making it a useful tool for technical analysis.
Overall, this script is useful for analyzing financial data and identifying trends in the data. By using the Gaussian moving average, the script can smooth out fluctuations in the data and make trends more apparent, which can help traders make more informed decisions.
WaveTrend 3D█ OVERVIEW
WaveTrend 3D (WT3D) is a novel implementation of the famous WaveTrend (WT) indicator and has been completely redesigned from the ground up to address some of the inherent shortcomings associated with the traditional WT algorithm.
█ BACKGROUND
The WaveTrend (WT) indicator has become a widely popular tool for traders in recent years. WT was first ported to PineScript in 2014 by the user @LazyBear, and since then, it has ascended to become one of the Top 5 most popular scripts on TradingView.
The WT algorithm appears to have origins in a lesser-known proprietary algorithm called Trading Channel Index (TCI), created by AIQ Systems in 1986 as an integral part of their commercial software suite, TradingExpert Pro. The software’s reference manual states that “TCI identifies changes in price direction” and is “an adaptation of Donald R. Lambert’s Commodity Channel Index (CCI)”, which was introduced to the world six years earlier in 1980. Interestingly, a vestige of this early beginning can still be seen in the source code of LazyBear’s script, where the final EMA calculation is stored in an intermediate variable called “tci” in the code.
█ IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
WaveTrend 3D is an alternative implementation of WaveTrend that directly addresses some of the known shortcomings of the indicator, including its unbounded extremes, susceptibility to whipsaw, and lack of insight into other timeframes.
In the canonical WT approach, an exponential moving average (EMA) for a given lookback window is used to assess the variability between price and two other EMAs relative to a second lookback window. Since the difference between the average price and its associated EMA is essentially unbounded, an arbitrary scaling factor of 0.015 is typically applied as a crude form of rescaling but still fails to capture 20-30% of values between the range of -100 to 100. Additionally, the trigger signal for the final EMA (i.e., TCI) crossover-based oscillator is a four-bar simple moving average (SMA), which further contributes to the net lag accumulated by the consecutive EMA calculations in the previous steps.
The core idea behind WT3D is to replace the EMA-based crossover system with modern Digital Signal Processing techniques. By assuming that price action adheres approximately to a Gaussian distribution, it is possible to sidestep the scaling nightmare associated with unbounded price differentials of the original WaveTrend method by focusing instead on the alteration of the underlying Probability Distribution Function (PDF) of the input series. Furthermore, using a signal processing filter such as a Butterworth Filter, we can eliminate the need for consecutive exponential moving averages along with the associated lag they bring.
Ideally, it is convenient to have the resulting probability distribution oscillate between the values of -1 and 1, with the zero line serving as a median. With this objective in mind, it is possible to borrow a common technique from the field of Machine Learning that uses a sigmoid-like activation function to transform our data set of interest. One such function is the hyperbolic tangent function (tanh), which is often used as an activation function in the hidden layers of neural networks due to its unique property of ensuring the values stay between -1 and 1. By taking the first-order derivative of our input series and normalizing it using the quadratic mean, the tanh function performs a high-quality redistribution of the input signal into the desired range of -1 to 1. Finally, using a dual-pole filter such as the Butterworth Filter popularized by John Ehlers, excessive market noise can be filtered out, leaving behind a crisp moving average with minimal lag.
Furthermore, WT3D expands upon the original functionality of WT by providing:
First-class support for multi-timeframe (MTF) analysis
Kernel-based regression for trend reversal confirmation
Various options for signal smoothing and transformation
A unique mode for visualizing an input series as a symmetrical, three-dimensional waveform useful for pattern identification and cycle-related analysis
█ SETTINGS
This is a summary of the settings used in the script listed in roughly the order in which they appear. By default, all default colors are from Google's TensorFlow framework and are considered to be colorblind safe.
Source: The input series. Usually, it is the close or average price, but it can be any series.
Use Mirror: Whether to display a mirror image of the source series; for visualizing the series as a 3D waveform similar to a soundwave.
Use EMA: Whether to use an exponential moving average of the input series.
EMA Length: The length of the exponential moving average.
Use COG: Whether to use the center of gravity of the input series.
COG Length: The length of the center of gravity.
Speed to Emphasize: The target speed to emphasize.
Width: The width of the emphasized line.
Display Kernel Moving Average: Whether to display the kernel moving average of the signal. Like PCA, an unsupervised Machine Learning technique whereby neighboring vectors are projected onto the Principal Component.
Display Kernel Signal: Whether to display the kernel estimator for the emphasized line. Like the Kernel MA, it can show underlying shifts in bias within a more significant trend by the colors reflected on the ribbon itself.
Show Oscillator Lines: Whether to show the oscillator lines.
Offset: The offset of the emphasized oscillator plots.
Fast Length: The length scale factor for the fast oscillator.
Fast Smoothing: The smoothing scale factor for the fast oscillator.
Normal Length: The length scale factor for the normal oscillator.
Normal Smoothing: The smoothing scale factor for the normal frequency.
Slow Length: The length scale factor for the slow oscillator.
Slow Smoothing: The smoothing scale factor for the slow frequency.
Divergence Threshold: The number of bars for the divergence to be considered significant.
Trigger Wave Percent Size: How big the current wave should be relative to the previous wave.
Background Area Transparency Factor: Transparency factor for the background area.
Foreground Area Transparency Factor: Transparency factor for the foreground area.
Background Line Transparency Factor: Transparency factor for the background line.
Foreground Line Transparency Factor: Transparency factor for the foreground line.
Custom Transparency: Transparency of the custom colors.
Total Gradient Steps: The maximum amount of steps supported for a gradient calculation is 256.
Fast Bullish Color: The color of the fast bullish line.
Normal Bullish Color: The color of the normal bullish line.
Slow Bullish Color: The color of the slow bullish line.
Fast Bearish Color: The color of the fast bearish line.
Normal Bearish Color: The color of the normal bearish line.
Slow Bearish Color: The color of the slow bearish line.
Bullish Divergence Signals: The color of the bullish divergence signals.
Bearish Divergence Signals: The color of the bearish divergence signals.
█ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
@LazyBear - For authoring the original WaveTrend port on TradingView
@PineCoders - For the beautiful color gradient framework used in this indicator
@veryfid - For the inspiration of using mirrored signals for cycle analysis and using multiple lookback windows as proxies for other timeframes
Singular and Cumulative Volume Delta (SVD+CVD)This a Volume Delta indicator with Cumulative Volume Delta.
I have been studying Volume Delta and CVD trading strategies and indicator styles.
This implementation was developed to test a basic trailing window / oscillator approach.
Script has been republished as public and searchable.
Changelog from private era follows.
Jun 9 (2022)
Release Notes:
Added option to use EMA/SMA based cumulation. This will not scale well with singular data, so default view is still SUM.
Jun 9 (2022)
Release Notes:
Outdated comment correction.
Jun 9 (2022)
Release Notes:
Added default option to normalilze visual scale of MA cumulation types. The averaging creates a singular value sized results, instead of a range-sums. This multiples that candle result by the range length to get a range-sum sized result.
Added option to scale the cumulation size relative to the volume size. 1-to-1 scaling creates singular deltas that can be hard to see with all options on. This allows you to beef them up for visual or weighting purposes.
Jun 15 (2022)
Release Notes: * Added break even level for current delta. Tells where current delta must land for cumulative delta to stay flat.
* Added comparison of historical cumulative levels to current level. The historical levels are the initial values going into current accumulation window.
* Changed title of indicator to be more generic, clear, and searchable.
Jun 15 (2022)
Release Notes: * Added option to have the cumulation cutoff line AFTER or OVER the end of the cumulation window. This change is to ensure the indicator clearly documents it's behavior and avoids confusion on this / last cumulation window semantics.
* Bugfix: Initial levels were pulled from cumulation line which was AFTER end of window. This has been changed to the initial values INSIDE the cumulation window.
* Code cleanup.
June 17th (2022)
Release Notes: Marked as beta because TV confirmed they no longer allow private scripts to be changed to public. (Despite lingering documentation that says otherwise.
June 17th (2022)
Re-published as public.
Rescaled RangeRescaled Range is an implementation of the fractal rescaled ranges developed by Harold Edwin Hurst and Benoit Mandlebrot.
Settings include:
“Window Size” - the number of time periods in a window over which price changes are analyzed. This will generally correspond to your trading horizon and defaults to 15.
“Number of Windows” - the number of “Window Size” intervals to average the rescaled range value over. By looking at a number of such periods, the study captures potential volatility that may have occurred in the recent past. This should be set long enough to capture the current trend (defaults to 63), but not so long to include volatility regimes no longer in play.
Each window in the average is offset by 1 time period from the the others - like a moving average.
This study plots two lines - “Rescaled Range High” which indicates overbought conditions when the price moves above it and “Rescaled Range Low” which indicates oversold conditions when the price moves below it.
This study builds upon the bridge range work of Joe Catanzaro (joecat808) and Caleb Sandfort (calebsandfort). Bridge ranges are used to position the rescaled range with respect to the closing price.
Note: Your time series must have (Window Size + Number of Windows) or more periods of data to complete this study. For example, using the defaults, your time series should have (15+63) = 78 periods or more of data.
The VoVix Experiment The VoVix Experiment
The VoVix Experiment is a next-generation, regime-aware, volatility-adaptive trading strategy for futures, indices, and more. It combines a proprietary VoVix (volatility-of-volatility) anomaly detector with price structure clustering and critical point logic, only trading when multiple independent signals align. The system is designed for robustness, transparency, and real-world execution.
Logic:
VoVix Regime Engine: Detects pre-move volatility anomalies using a fast/slow ATR ratio, normalized by Z-score. Only trades when a true regime spike is detected, not just random volatility.
Cluster & Critical Point Filters: Price structure and volatility clustering must confirm the VoVix signal, reducing false positives and whipsaws.
Adaptive Sizing: Position size scales up for “super-spikes” and down for normal events, always within user-defined min/max.
Session Control: Trades only during user-defined hours and days, avoiding illiquid or high-risk periods.
Visuals: Aurora Flux Bands (From another Original of Mine (Options Flux Flow): glow and change color on signals, with a live dashboard, regime heatmap, and VoVix progression bar for instant insight.
Backtest Settings
Initial capital: $10,000
Commission: Conservative, realistic roundtrip cost:
15–20 per contract (including slippage per side) I set this to $25
Slippage: 3 ticks per trade
Symbol: CME_MINI:NQ1!
Timeframe: 15 min (but works on all timeframes)
Order size: Adaptive, 1–2 contracts
Session: 5:00–15:00 America/Chicago (default, fully adjustable)
Why these settings?
These settings are intentionally strict and realistic, reflecting the true costs and risks of live trading. The 10,000 account size is accessible for most retail traders. 25/contract including 3 ticks of slippage are on the high side for MNQ, ensuring the strategy is not curve-fit to perfect fills. If it works here, it will work in real conditions.
Forward Testing: (This is no guarantee. I've provided these results to show that executions perform as intended. Test were done on Tradovate)
ALL TRADES
Gross P/L: $12,907.50
# of Trades: 64
# of Contracts: 186
Avg. Trade Time: 1h 55min 52sec
Longest Trade Time: 55h 46min 53sec
% Profitable Trades: 59.38%
Expectancy: $201.68
Trade Fees & Comm.: $(330.95)
Total P/L: $12,576.55
Winning Trades: 59.38%
Breakeven Trades: 3.12%
Losing Trades: 37.50%
Link: www.dropbox.com
Inputs & Tooltips
VoVix Regime Execution: Enable/disable the core VoVix anomaly detector.
Volatility Clustering: Require price/volatility clusters to confirm VoVix signals.
Critical Point Detector: Require price to be at a statistically significant distance from the mean (regime break).
VoVix Fast ATR Length: Short ATR for fast volatility detection (lower = more sensitive).
VoVix Slow ATR Length: Long ATR for baseline regime (higher = more stable).
VoVix Z-Score Window: Lookback for Z-score normalization (higher = smoother, lower = more reactive).
VoVix Entry Z-Score: Minimum Z-score for a VoVix spike to trigger a trade.
VoVix Exit Z-Score: Z-score below which the regime is considered decayed (exit).
VoVix Local Max Window: Bars to check for local maximum in VoVix (higher = stricter).
VoVix Super-Spike Z-Score: Z-score for “super” regime events (scales up position size).
Min/Max Contracts: Adaptive position sizing range.
Session Start/End Hour: Only trade between these hours (exchange time).
Allow Weekend Trading: Enable/disable trading on weekends.
Session Timezone: Timezone for session filter (e.g., America/Chicago for CME).
Show Trade Labels: Show/hide entry/exit labels on chart.
Flux Glow Opacity: Opacity of Aurora Flux Bands (0–100).
Flux Band EMA Length: EMA period for band center.
Flux Band ATR Multiplier: Width of bands (higher = wider).
Compliance & Transparency
* No hidden logic, no repainting, no pyramiding.
* All signals, sizing, and exits are fully explained and visible.
* Backtest settings are stricter than most real accounts.
* All visuals are directly tied to the strategy logic.
* This is not a mashup or cosmetic overlay; every component is original and justified.
Disclaimer
Trading is risky. This script is for educational and research purposes only. Do not trade with money you cannot afford to lose. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Always test in simulation before live trading.
Proprietary Logic & Originality Statement
This script, “The VoVix Experiment,” is the result of original research and development. All core logic, algorithms, and visualizations—including the VoVix regime detection engine, adaptive execution, volatility/divergence bands, and dashboard—are proprietary and unique to this project.
1. VoVix Regime Logic
The concept of “volatility of volatility” (VoVix) is an original quant idea, not a standard indicator. The implementation here (fast/slow ATR ratio, Z-score normalization, local max logic, super-spike scaling) is custom and not found in public TradingView scripts.
2. Cluster & Critical Point Logic
Volatility clustering and “critical point” detection (using price distance from a rolling mean and standard deviation) are general quant concepts, but the way they are combined and filtered here is unique to this script. The specific logic for “clustered chop” and “critical point” is not a copy of any public indicator.
3. Adaptive Sizing
The adaptive sizing logic (scaling contracts based on regime strength) is custom and not a standard TradingView feature or public script.
4. Time Block/Session Control
The session filter is a common feature in many strategies, but the implementation here (with timezone and weekend control) is written from scratch.
5. Aurora Flux Bands (From another Original of Mine (Options Flux Flow)
The “glowing” bands are inspired by the idea of volatility bands (like Bollinger Bands or Keltner Channels), but the visual effect, color logic, and integration with regime signals are original to this script.
6. Dashboard, Watermark, and Metrics
The dashboard, real-time Sharpe/Sortino, and VoVix progression bar are all custom code, not copied from any public script.
What is “standard” or “common quant practice”?
Using ATR, EMA, and Z-score are standard quant tools, but the way they are combined, filtered, and visualized here is unique. The structure and logic of this script are original and not a mashup of public code.
This script is 100% original work. All logic, visuals, and execution are custom-coded for this project. No code or logic is directly copied from any public or private script.
Use with discipline. Trade your edge.
— Dskyz, for DAFE Trading Systems
AllCandlestickPatternsLibraryAll Candlestick Patterns Library
The Candlestick Patterns Library is a Pine Script (version 6) library extracted from the All Candlestick Patterns indicator. It provides a comprehensive set of functions to calculate candlestick properties, detect market trends, and identify various candlestick patterns (bullish, bearish, and neutral). The library is designed for reusability, enabling TradingView users to incorporate pattern detection into their own scripts, such as indicators or strategies.
The library is organized into three main sections:
Trend Detection: Functions to determine market trends (uptrend or downtrend) based on user-defined rules.
Candlestick Property Calculations: A function to compute core properties of a candlestick, such as body size, shadow lengths, and doji characteristics.
Candlestick Pattern Detection: Functions to detect specific candlestick patterns, each returning a tuple with detection status, pattern name, type, and description.
Library Structure
1. Trend Detection
This section includes the detectTrend function, which identifies whether the market is in an uptrend or downtrend based on user-specified rules, such as the relationship between the closing price and Simple Moving Averages (SMAs).
Function: detectTrend
Parameters:
downTrend (bool): Initial downtrend condition.
upTrend (bool): Initial uptrend condition.
trendRule (string): The rule for trend detection ("SMA50" or "SMA50, SMA200").
p_close (float): Current closing price.
sma50 (float): Simple Moving Average over 50 periods.
sma200 (float): Simple Moving Average over 200 periods.
Returns: A tuple indicating the detected trend.
Logic:
If trendRule is "SMA50", a downtrend is detected when p_close < sma50, and an uptrend when p_close > sma50.
If trendRule is "SMA50, SMA200", a downtrend is detected when p_close < sma50 and sma50 < sma200, and an uptrend when p_close > sma50 and sma50 > sma200.
2. Candlestick Property Calculations
This section includes the calculateCandleProperties function, which computes essential properties of a candlestick based on OHLC (Open, High, Low, Close) data and configuration parameters.
Function: calculateCandleProperties
Parameters:
p_open (float): Candlestick open price.
p_close (float): Candlestick close price.
p_high (float): Candlestick high price.
p_low (float): Candlestick low price.
bodyAvg (float): Average body size (e.g., from EMA of body sizes).
shadowPercent (float): Minimum shadow size as a percentage of body size.
shadowEqualsPercent (float): Tolerance for equal shadows in doji detection.
dojiBodyPercent (float): Maximum body size as a percentage of range for doji detection.
Returns: A tuple containing 17 properties:
C_BodyHi (float): Higher of open or close price.
C_BodyLo (float): Lower of open or close price.
C_Body (float): Body size (difference between C_BodyHi and C_BodyLo).
C_SmallBody (bool): True if body size is below bodyAvg.
C_LongBody (bool): True if body size is above bodyAvg.
C_UpShadow (float): Upper shadow length (p_high - C_BodyHi).
C_DnShadow (float): Lower shadow length (C_BodyLo - p_low).
C_HasUpShadow (bool): True if upper shadow exceeds shadowPercent of body.
C_HasDnShadow (bool): True if lower shadow exceeds shadowPercent of body.
C_WhiteBody (bool): True if candle is bullish (p_open < p_close).
C_BlackBody (bool): True if candle is bearish (p_open > p_close).
C_Range (float): Candlestick range (p_high - p_low).
C_IsInsideBar (bool): True if current candle body is inside the previous candle's body.
C_BodyMiddle (float): Midpoint of the candle body.
C_ShadowEquals (bool): True if upper and lower shadows are equal within shadowEqualsPercent.
C_IsDojiBody (bool): True if body size is small relative to range (C_Body <= C_Range * dojiBodyPercent / 100).
C_Doji (bool): True if the candle is a doji (C_IsDojiBody and C_ShadowEquals).
Purpose: These properties are used by pattern detection functions to evaluate candlestick formations.
3. Candlestick Pattern Detection
This section contains functions to detect specific candlestick patterns, each returning a tuple . The patterns are categorized as bullish, bearish, or neutral, and include detailed descriptions for use in tooltips or alerts.
Supported Patterns
The library supports the following candlestick patterns, grouped by type:
Bullish Patterns:
Rising Window: A two-candle continuation pattern in an uptrend with a price gap between the first candle's high and the second candle's low.
Rising Three Methods: A five-candle continuation pattern with a long green candle, three short red candles, and another long green candle.
Tweezer Bottom: A two-candle reversal pattern in a downtrend with nearly identical lows.
Upside Tasuki Gap: A three-candle continuation pattern in an uptrend with a gap between the first two green candles and a red candle closing partially into the gap.
Doji Star (Bullish): A two-candle reversal pattern in a downtrend with a long red candle followed by a doji gapping down.
Morning Doji Star: A three-candle reversal pattern with a long red candle, a doji gapping down, and a long green candle.
Piercing: A two-candle reversal pattern in a downtrend with a red candle followed by a green candle closing above the midpoint of the first.
Hammer: A single-candle reversal pattern in a downtrend with a small body and a long lower shadow.
Inverted Hammer: A single-candle reversal pattern in a downtrend with a small body and a long upper shadow.
Morning Star: A three-candle reversal pattern with a long red candle, a short candle gapping down, and a long green candle.
Marubozu White: A single-candle pattern with a long green body and minimal shadows.
Dragonfly Doji: A single-candle reversal pattern in a downtrend with a doji where open and close are at the high.
Harami Cross (Bullish): A two-candle reversal pattern in a downtrend with a long red candle followed by a doji inside its body.
Harami (Bullish): A two-candle reversal pattern in a downtrend with a long red candle followed by a small green candle inside its body.
Long Lower Shadow: A single-candle pattern with a long lower shadow indicating buyer strength.
Three White Soldiers: A three-candle reversal pattern with three long green candles in a downtrend.
Engulfing (Bullish): A two-candle reversal pattern in a downtrend with a small red candle followed by a larger green candle engulfing it.
Abandoned Baby (Bullish): A three-candle reversal pattern with a long red candle, a doji gapping down, and a green candle gapping up.
Tri-Star (Bullish): A three-candle reversal pattern with three doji candles in a downtrend, with gaps between them.
Kicking (Bullish): A two-candle reversal pattern with a bearish marubozu followed by a bullish marubozu gapping up.
Bearish Patterns:
On Neck: A two-candle continuation pattern in a downtrend with a long red candle followed by a short green candle closing near the first candle's low.
Falling Window: A two-candle continuation pattern in a downtrend with a price gap between the first candle's low and the second candle's high.
Falling Three Methods: A five-candle continuation pattern with a long red candle, three short green candles, and another long red candle.
Tweezer Top: A two-candle reversal pattern in an uptrend with nearly identical highs.
Dark Cloud Cover: A two-candle reversal pattern in an uptrend with a green candle followed by a red candle opening above the high and closing below the midpoint.
Downside Tasuki Gap: A three-candle continuation pattern in a downtrend with a gap between the first two red candles and a green candle closing partially into the gap.
Evening Doji Star: A three-candle reversal pattern with a long green candle, a doji gapping up, and a long red candle.
Doji Star (Bearish): A two-candle reversal pattern in an uptrend with a long green candle followed by a doji gapping up.
Hanging Man: A single-candle reversal pattern in an uptrend with a small body and a long lower shadow.
Shooting Star: A single-candle reversal pattern in an uptrend with a small body and a long upper shadow.
Evening Star: A three-candle reversal pattern with a long green candle, a short candle gapping up, and a long red candle.
Marubozu Black: A single-candle pattern with a long red body and minimal shadows.
Gravestone Doji: A single-candle reversal pattern in an uptrend with a doji where open and close are at the low.
Harami Cross (Bearish): A two-candle reversal pattern in an uptrend with a long green candle followed by a doji inside its body.
Harami (Bearish): A two-candle reversal pattern in an uptrend with a long green candle followed by a small red candle inside its body.
Long Upper Shadow: A single-candle pattern with a long upper shadow indicating seller strength.
Three Black Crows: A three-candle reversal pattern with three long red candles in an uptrend.
Engulfing (Bearish): A two-candle reversal pattern in an uptrend with a small green candle followed by a larger red candle engulfing it.
Abandoned Baby (Bearish): A three-candle reversal pattern with a long green candle, a doji gapping up, and a red candle gapping down.
Tri-Star (Bearish): A three-candle reversal pattern with three doji candles in an uptrend, with gaps between them.
Kicking (Bearish): A two-candle reversal pattern with a bullish marubozu followed by a bearish marubozu gapping down.
Neutral Patterns:
Doji: A single-candle pattern with a very small body, indicating indecision.
Spinning Top White: A single-candle pattern with a small green body and long upper and lower shadows, indicating indecision.
Spinning Top Black: A single-candle pattern with a small red body and long upper and lower shadows, indicating indecision.
Pattern Detection Functions
Each pattern detection function evaluates specific conditions based on candlestick properties (from calculateCandleProperties) and trend conditions (from detectTrend). The functions return:
detected (bool): True if the pattern is detected.
name (string): The name of the pattern (e.g., "On Neck").
type (string): The pattern type ("Bullish", "Bearish", or "Neutral").
description (string): A detailed description of the pattern for use in tooltips or alerts.
For example, the detectOnNeckBearish function checks for a bearish On Neck pattern by verifying a downtrend, a long red candle followed by a short green candle, and specific price relationships.
Usage Example
To use the library in a TradingView indicator, you can import it and call its functions as shown below:
//@version=6
indicator("Candlestick Pattern Detector", overlay=true)
import CandlestickPatternsLibrary as cp
// Calculate SMA for trend detection
sma50 = ta.sma(close, 50)
sma200 = ta.sma(close, 200)
= cp.detectTrend(true, true, "SMA50", close, sma50, sma200)
// Calculate candlestick properties
bodyAvg = ta.ema(math.max(close, open) - math.min(close, open), 14)
= cp.calculateCandleProperties(open, close, high, low, bodyAvg, 5.0, 100.0, 5.0)
// Detect a pattern (e.g., On Neck Bearish)
= cp.detectOnNeckBearish(downTrend, blackBody, longBody, whiteBody, open, close, low, bodyAvg, smallBody, candleRange)
if onNeckDetected
label.new(bar_index, low, onNeckName, style=label.style_label_up, color=color.red, textcolor=color.white, tooltip=onNeckDesc)
// Detect another pattern (e.g., Piercing Bullish)
= cp.detectPiercingBullish(downTrend, blackBody, longBody, whiteBody, open, low, close, bodyMiddle)
if piercingDetected
label.new(bar_index, low, piercingName, style=label.style_label_up, color=color.blue, textcolor=color.white, tooltip=piercingDesc)
Steps in the Example
Import the Library: Use import CandlestickPatternsLibrary as cp to access the library's functions.
Calculate Trend: Use detectTrend to determine the market trend based on SMA50 or SMA50/SMA200 rules.
Calculate Candlestick Properties: Use calculateCandleProperties to compute properties like body size, shadow lengths, and doji status.
Detect Patterns: Call specific pattern detection functions (e.g., detectOnNeckBearish, detectPiercingBullish) and use the returned values to display labels or alerts.
Visualize Patterns: Use label.new to display detected patterns on the chart with their names, types, and descriptions.
Key Features
Modularity: The library is designed as a standalone module, making it easy to integrate into other Pine Script projects.
Comprehensive Pattern Coverage: Supports over 40 candlestick patterns, covering bullish, bearish, and neutral formations.
Detailed Documentation: Each function includes comments with @param and @returns annotations for clarity.
Reusability: Can be used in indicators, strategies, or alerts by importing the library and calling its functions.
Extracted from All Candlestick Patterns: The library is derived from the All Candlestick Patterns indicator, ensuring it inherits a well-tested foundation for pattern detection.
Notes for Developers
Pine Script Version: The library uses Pine Script version 6, as specified by //@version=6.
Parameter Naming: Parameters use prefixes like p_ (e.g., p_open, p_close) to avoid conflicts with built-in variables.
Error Handling: The library has been fixed to address issues like undeclared identifiers (C_SmallBody, C_Range), unused arguments (factor), and improper comment formatting.
Testing: Developers should test the library in TradingView to ensure patterns are detected correctly under various market conditions.
Customization: Users can adjust parameters like bodyAvg, shadowPercent, shadowEqualsPercent, and dojiBodyPercent in calculateCandleProperties to fine-tune pattern detection sensitivity.
Conclusion
The Candlestick Patterns Library, extracted from the All Candlestick Patterns indicator, is a powerful tool for traders and developers looking to implement candlestick pattern detection in TradingView. Its modular design, comprehensive pattern support, and detailed documentation make it an ideal choice for building custom indicators or strategies. By leveraging the library's functions, users can analyze market trends, compute candlestick properties, and detect a wide range of patterns to inform their trading decisions.
Johnny's Machine Learning Moving Average (MLMA) w/ Trend Alerts📖 Overview
Johnny's Machine Learning Moving Average (MLMA) w/ Trend Alerts is a powerful adaptive moving average indicator designed to capture market trends dynamically. Unlike traditional moving averages (e.g., SMA, EMA, WMA), this indicator incorporates volatility-based trend detection, Bollinger Bands, ADX, and RSI, offering a comprehensive view of market conditions.
The MLMA is "machine learning-inspired" because it adapts dynamically to market conditions using ATR-based windowing and integrates multiple trend strength indicators (ADX, RSI, and volatility bands) to provide an intelligent moving average calculation that learns from recent price action rather than being static.
🛠 How It Works
1️⃣ Adaptive Moving Average Selection
The MLMA automatically selects one of four different moving averages:
📊 EMA (Exponential Moving Average) – Reacts quickly to price changes.
🔵 HMA (Hull Moving Average) – Smooth and fast, reducing lag.
🟡 WMA (Weighted Moving Average) – Gives recent prices more importance.
🔴 VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price) – Accounts for volume impact.
The user can select which moving average type to use, making the indicator customizable based on their strategy.
2️⃣ Dynamic Trend Detection
ATR-Based Adaptive Window 📏
The Average True Range (ATR) determines the window size dynamically.
When volatility is high, the moving average window expands, making the MLMA more stable.
When volatility is low, the window shrinks, making the MLMA more responsive.
Trend Strength Filters 📊
ADX (Average Directional Index) > 25 → Indicates a strong trend.
RSI (Relative Strength Index) > 70 or < 30 → Identifies overbought/oversold conditions.
Price Position Relative to Upper/Lower Bands → Determines bullish vs. bearish momentum.
3️⃣ Volatility Bands & Dynamic Support/Resistance
Bollinger Bands (BB) 📉
Uses standard deviation-based bands around the MLMA to detect overbought and oversold zones.
Upper Band = Resistance, Lower Band = Support.
Helps traders identify breakout potential.
Adaptive Trend Bands 🔵🔴
The MLMA has built-in trend envelopes.
When price breaks the upper band, bullish momentum is confirmed.
When price breaks the lower band, bearish momentum is confirmed.
4️⃣ Visual Enhancements
Dynamic Gradient Fills 🌈
The trend strength (ADX-based) determines the gradient intensity.
Stronger trends = More vivid colors.
Weaker trends = Lighter colors.
Trend Reversal Arrows 🔄
🔼 Green Up Arrow: Bullish reversal signal.
🔽 Red Down Arrow: Bearish reversal signal.
Trend Table Overlay 🖥
Displays ADX, RSI, and Trend State dynamically on the chart.
📢 Trading Signals & How to Use It
1️⃣ Bullish Signals 📈
✅ Conditions for a Long (Buy) Trade:
The MLMA crosses above the lower band.
The ADX is above 25 (confirming trend strength).
RSI is above 55, indicating positive momentum.
Green trend reversal arrow appears (confirmation of a bullish reversal).
🔹 How to Trade It:
Enter a long trade when the MLMA turns bullish.
Set stop-loss below the lower Bollinger Band.
Target previous resistance levels or use the upper band as take-profit.
2️⃣ Bearish Signals 📉
✅ Conditions for a Short (Sell) Trade:
The MLMA crosses below the upper band.
The ADX is above 25 (confirming trend strength).
RSI is below 45, indicating bearish pressure.
Red trend reversal arrow appears (confirmation of a bearish reversal).
🔹 How to Trade It:
Enter a short trade when the MLMA turns bearish.
Set stop-loss above the upper Bollinger Band.
Target the lower band as take-profit.
💡 What Makes This a Machine Learning Moving Average?
📍 1️⃣ Adaptive & Self-Tuning
Unlike static moving averages that rely on fixed parameters, this MLMA automatically adjusts its sensitivity to market conditions using:
ATR-based dynamic windowing 📏 (Expands/contracts based on volatility).
Adaptive smoothing using EMA, HMA, WMA, or VWAP 📊.
Multi-indicator confirmation (ADX, RSI, Volatility Bands) 🏆.
📍 2️⃣ Intelligent Trend Confirmation
The MLMA "learns" from recent price movements instead of blindly following a fixed-length average.
It incorporates ADX & RSI trend filtering to reduce noise & false signals.
📍 3️⃣ Dynamic Color-Coding for Trend Strength
Strong trends trigger more vivid colors, mimicking confidence levels in machine learning models.
Weaker trends appear faded, suggesting uncertainty.
🎯 Why Use the MLMA?
✅ Pros
✔ Combines multiple trend indicators (MA, ADX, RSI, BB).
✔ Automatically adjusts to market conditions.
✔ Filters out weak trends, making it more reliable.
✔ Visually intuitive (gradient colors & reversal arrows).
✔ Works across all timeframes and assets.
⚠️ Cons
❌ Not a standalone strategy → Best used with volume confirmation or candlestick analysis.
❌ Can lag slightly in fast-moving markets (due to smoothing).
CDZV Enhanced Coppock CurveThis indicator is a part of the CDZV toolkit (backtesting and automation)
The Enhanced Coppock Curve is an upgraded version of the classic Coppock Curve indicator. It incorporates several additional features for greater flexibility and analysis capabilities. This indicator is used to analyze market trends by plotting a weighted moving average (WMA) of the sum of two Rate of Change (ROC) values.
Key Features of the Indicator:
Base Calculation of the Coppock Curve:
The Coppock Curve is calculated as a weighted moving average (WMA) of the sum of two ROC values (long and short periods).
The source for the calculation is customizable (default is close).
Added Custom Moving Average:
The indicator supports three types of moving averages:
EMA (Exponential Moving Average),
SMA (Simple Moving Average),
HMA (Hull Moving Average).
Users can choose the type and length of the moving average via input settings.
The selected moving average values are displayed in the Data Window for easier analysis.
Dynamic Coloring of the Coppock Curve:
The Coppock Curve line changes color based on its value:
Green if the value is positive,
Red if the value is negative.
The line's color is also displayed in the Data Window as a numeric value:
1 for green (positive),
-1 for red (negative).
Data Window Output:
The values of the selected moving average are displayed in the Data Window.
The Coppock Curve line's color state (1 or -1) is also shown in the Data Window.
Visual Representation:
The Coppock Curve is plotted with dynamic color coding.
The selected moving average is overlaid on the Coppock Curve for deeper trend analysis.
Usage Instructions:
Add the indicator to your chart on TradingView.
Configure the inputs:
Smoothing length for the Coppock Curve,
Long and short periods for ROC,
Type and length of the moving average.
Analyze the chart:
A green Coppock Curve line indicates a bullish trend, while a red line signals a bearish trend.
The selected moving average helps further filter and confirm signals.
Use the Data Window to view numeric values for the moving average and the Coppock Curve line color.
Applications:
This indicator is ideal for assessing trend direction and strength. The added customization options and additional data make it a versatile tool for traders, enabling them to tailor the Coppock Curve to their strategies.
[MAD] Acceleration based dampened SMA projectionsThis indicator utilizes concepts of arrays inside arrays to calculate and display projections of multiple Smoothed Moving Average (SMA) lines via polylines.
This is partly an experiment as an educational post, on how to work with multidimensional arrays by using User-Defined Types
------------------
Input Controls for User Interaction:
The indicator provides several input controls, allowing users to adjust parameters like the SMA window, acceleration window, and dampening factors.
This flexibility lets users customize the behavior and appearance of the indicator to fit their analysis needs.
sma length:
Defines the length of the simple moving average (SMA).
acceleration window:
Sets the window size for calculating the acceleration of the SMA.
Input Series:
Selects the input source for calculating the SMA (typically the closing price).
Offset:
Determines the offset for the input source, affecting the positioning of the SMA. Here it´s possible to add external indicators like bollinger bands,.. in that case as double sma this sma should be very short.
(Thanks Fikira for that idea)
Startfactor dampening:
Initial dampening factor for the polynomial curve projections, influencing their starting curvature.
Growfactor dampening:
Growth rate of the dampening factor, affecting how the curvature of the projections changes over time.
Prediction length:
Sets the length of the projected polylines, extending beyond the current bar.
cleanup history:
Boolean input to control whether to clear the previous polyline projections before drawing new ones.
Key technologies used in this indicator include:
User-Defined Types (UDT) :
This indicator uses UDT to create a custom type named type_polypaths.
This type is designed to store information for each polyline, including an array of points (array), a color for the polyline, and a dampening factor.
UDTs in Pine Script enable the creation of complex data structures, which are essential for organizing and manipulating data efficiently.
type type_polypaths
array polyline_points = na
color polyline_color = na
float dampening_factor= na
Arrays and Nested Arrays:
The script heavily utilizes arrays.
For example, it uses a color array (colorpreset) to store different colors for the polyline.
Moreover, an array of type_polypaths (polypaths) is used, which is an array consisting of user-defined types. Each element of this array contains another array (polyline_points), demonstrating nested array usage.
This structure is essential for handling multiple polylines, each with its set of points and attributes.
var type_polypaths polypaths = array.new()
Polyline Creation and Manipulation:
The core visual aspect of the indicator is the creation of polylines.
Polyline points are calculated based on a dampened polynomial curve, which is influenced by the SMA's slope and acceleration.
Filling initial dampening data
array_size = 9
middle_index = math.floor(array_size / 2)
for i = 0 to array_size - 1
damp_factor = f_calculate_damp_factor(i, middle_index, Startfactor, Growfactor)
polyline_color = colorpreset.get(i)
polypaths.push(type_polypaths.new(array.new(0, na), polyline_color, damp_factor))
The script dynamically generates these polyline points and stores them in the polyline_points array of each type_polypaths instance based on those prefilled dampening factors
if barstate.islast or cleanup == false
for damp_factor_index = 0 to polypaths.size() - 1
GET_RW = polypaths.get(damp_factor_index)
GET_RW.polyline_points.clear()
for i = 0 to predictionlength
y = f_dampened_poly_curve(bar_index + i , src_input , sma_slope , sma_acceleration , GET_RW.dampening_factor)
p = chart.point.from_index(bar_index + i - src_off, y)
GET_RW.polyline_points.push(p)
polypaths.set(damp_factor_index, GET_RW)
Polyline Drawout
The polyline is then drawn on the chart using the polyline.new() function, which uses these points and additional attributes like color and width.
for pl_s = 0 to polypaths.size() - 1
GET_RO = polypaths.get(pl_s)
polyline.new(points = GET_RO.polyline_points, line_width = 1, line_color = GET_RO.polyline_color, xloc = xloc.bar_index)
If the cleanup input is enabled, existing polylines are deleted before new ones are drawn, maintaining clarity and accuracy in the visualization.
if cleanup
for pl_delete in polyline.all
pl_delete.delete()
------------------
The mathematics
in the (ABDP) indicator primarily focuses on projecting the behavior of a Smoothed Moving Average (SMA) based on its current trend and acceleration.
SMA Calculation:
The indicator computes a simple moving average (SMA) over a specified window (sma_window). This SMA serves as the baseline for further calculations.
Slope and Acceleration Analysis:
It calculates the slope of the SMA by subtracting the current SMA value from its previous value. Additionally, it computes the SMA's acceleration by evaluating the sum of differences between consecutive SMA values over an acceleration window (acceleration_window). This acceleration represents the rate of change of the SMA's slope.
sma_slope = src_input - src_input
sma_acceleration = sma_acceleration_sum_calc(src_input, acceleration_window) / acceleration_window
sma_acceleration_sum_calc(src, window) =>
sum = 0.0
for i = 0 to window - 1
if not na(src )
sum := sum + src - 2 * src + src
sum
Dampening Factors:
Custom dampening factors for each polyline, which are based on the user-defined starting and growth factors (Startfactor, Growfactor).
These factors adjust the curvature of the projected polylines, simulating various future scenarios of SMA movement.
f_calculate_damp_factor(index, middle, start_factor, growth_factor) =>
start_factor + (index - middle) * growth_factor
Polynomial Curve Projection:
Using the SMA value, its slope, acceleration, and dampening factors, the script calculates points for polynomial curves. These curves represent potential future paths of the SMA, factoring in its current direction and rate of change.
f_dampened_poly_curve(index, initial_value, initial_slope, acceleration, damp_factor) =>
delta = index - bar_index
initial_value + initial_slope * delta + 0.5 * damp_factor * acceleration * delta * delta
damp_factor = f_calculate_damp_factor(i, middle_index, Startfactor, Growfactor)
Have fun trading :-)
STD/Clutter Filtered, One-Sided, N-Sinc-Kernel, EFIR Filt [Loxx]STD/Clutter Filtered, One-Sided, N-Sinc-Kernel, EFIR Filt is a normalized Cardinal Sine Filter Kernel Weighted Fir Filter that uses Ehler's FIR filter calculation instead of the general FIR filter calculation. This indicator has Kalman Velocity lag reduction, a standard deviation filter, a clutter filter, and a kernel noise filter. When calculating the Kernels, the both sides are calculated, then smoothed, then sliced to just the Right side of the Kernel weights. Lastly, blackman windowing is used for our purposes here. You can read about blackman windowing here:
Blackman window
Advantages of Blackman Window over Hamming Window Method for designing FIR Filter
The Kernel amplitudes are shown below with their corresponding values in yellow:
This indicator is intended to be used with Heikin-Ashi source inputs, specially HAB Median. You can read about this here:
Moving Average Filters Add-on w/ Expanded Source Types
What is a Finite Impulse Response Filter?
In signal processing, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a filter whose impulse response (or response to any finite length input) is of finite duration, because it settles to zero in finite time. This is in contrast to infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which may have internal feedback and may continue to respond indefinitely (usually decaying).
The impulse response (that is, the output in response to a Kronecker delta input) of an Nth-order discrete-time FIR filter lasts exactly {\displaystyle N+1}N+1 samples (from first nonzero element through last nonzero element) before it then settles to zero.
FIR filters can be discrete-time or continuous-time, and digital or analog.
A FIR filter is (similar to, or) just a weighted moving average filter, where (unlike a typical equally weighted moving average filter) the weights of each delay tap are not constrained to be identical or even of the same sign. By changing various values in the array of weights (the impulse response, or time shifted and sampled version of the same), the frequency response of a FIR filter can be completely changed.
An FIR filter simply CONVOLVES the input time series (price data) with its IMPULSE RESPONSE. The impulse response is just a set of weights (or "coefficients") that multiply each data point. Then you just add up all the products and divide by the sum of the weights and that is it; e.g., for a 10-bar SMA you just add up 10 bars of price data (each multiplied by 1) and divide by 10. For a weighted-MA you add up the product of the price data with triangular-number weights and divide by the total weight.
Ultra Low Lag Moving Average's weights are designed to have MAXIMUM possible smoothing and MINIMUM possible lag compatible with as-flat-as-possible phase response.
Ehlers FIR Filter
Ehlers Filter (EF) was authored, not surprisingly, by John Ehlers. Read all about them here: Ehlers Filters
What is Normalized Cardinal Sine?
The sinc function sinc (x), also called the "sampling function," is a function that arises frequently in signal processing and the theory of Fourier transforms.
In mathematics, the historical unnormalized sinc function is defined for x ≠ 0 by
sinc x = sinx / x
In digital signal processing and information theory, the normalized sinc function is commonly defined for x ≠ 0 by
sinc x = sin(pi * x) / (pi * x)
What is a Clutter Filter?
For our purposes here, this is a filter that compares the slope of the trading filter output to a threshold to determine whether to shift trends. If the slope is up but the slope doesn't exceed the threshold, then the color is gray and this indicates a chop zone. If the slope is down but the slope doesn't exceed the threshold, then the color is gray and this indicates a chop zone. Alternatively if either up or down slope exceeds the threshold then the trend turns green for up and red for down. Fro demonstration purposes, an EMA is used as the moving average. This acts to reduce the noise in the signal.
What is a Dual Element Lag Reducer?
Modifies an array of coefficients to reduce lag by the Lag Reduction Factor uses a generic version of a Kalman velocity component to accomplish this lag reduction is achieved by applying the following to the array:
2 * coeff - coeff
The response time vs noise battle still holds true, high lag reduction means more noise is present in your data! Please note that the beginning coefficients which the modifying matrix cannot be applied to (coef whose indecies are < LagReductionFactor) are simply multiplied by two for additional smoothing .
Included
Bar coloring
Loxx's Expanded Source Types
Signals
Alerts
vol_coneDraws a volatility cone on the chart, using the contract's realized volatility (rv). The inputs are:
- window: the number of past periods to use for computing the realized volatility. VIX uses 30 calendar days, which is 21 trading days, so 21 is the default.
- stdevs: the number of standard deviations that the cone will cover.
- periods to project: the length of the volatility cone.
- periods per year: the number of periods in a year. for a daily chart, this is 252. for a thirty minute chart on a contract that trades 23 hours a day, this is 23 * 2 * 252 = 11592. for an accurate cone, this input must be set correctly, according to the chart's time frame.
- history: show the lagged projections. in other words, if the cone is set to project 21 periods in the future, the lines drawn show the top and bottom edges of the cone from 23 periods ago.
- rate: the current interest or discount rate. this is used to compute the forward price of the underlying contract. using an accurate forward price allows you to compare the realized volatility projection to the implied volatility projections derived from options prices.
Example settings for a 30 minute chart of a contract that trades 23 hours per day, with 1 standard deviation, a 21 day rv calculation, and half a day projected:
- stdevs: 1
- periods to project: 23
- window: 23 * 2 * 21 = 966
- periods per year: 23 * 2 * 252 = 11592
Additionally, a table is drawn in the upper right hand corner, with several values:
- rv: the contract's current realized volatility.
- rnk: the rv's percentile rank, compared to the rv values on past bars.
- acc: the proportion of times price settled inside, versus outside, the volatility cone, "periods to project" into the future. this should be around 65-70% for most contracts when the cone is set to 1 standard deviation.
- up: the upper bound of the cone for the projection period.
- dn: the lower bound of the cone for the projection period.
Limitations:
- pinescript only seems to be able to draw a limited distance into the future. If you choose too many "periods to project", the cone will start drawing vertically at some limit.
- the cone is not totally smooth owing to the facts a) it is comprised of a limited number of lines and b) each bar does not represent the same amount of time in pinescript, as some cross weekends, session gaps, etc.
probability_of_touchBased on historical data (rather than theory), calculates the probability of a price level being "touched" within a given time frame. A "touch" means that price exceeded that level at some point. The parameters are:
- level: the "level" to be touched. it can be a number of points, percentage points, or standard deviations away from the mark price. a positive level is above the mark price, and a negative level is below the mark price.
- type: determines the meaning of the "level" parameter. "price" means price points (i.e. the numbers you see on the chart). "percentage" is expressed as a whole number, not a fraction. "stdev" means number of standard deviations, which is computed from recent realized volatlity.
- mark: the point from which the "level" is measured.
- length: the number of days within which the level must be touched.
- window: the number of days used to compute realized volatility. this parameter is only used when "type" is "stdev".
- debug: displays a fuchsia "X" over periods that touched the level. note that only a limited number of labels can be drawn.
- start: only include data after this time in the calculation.
- end: only include data before this time in the calculation.
Example: You want to know how many times Apple stock fell $1 from its closing price the next day, between 2020-02-26 and today. Use the following parameters:
level: -1
type: price
mark: close
length: 1
window:
debug:
start: 2020-02-26
end:
How does the script work? On every bar, the script looks back "length" days and sees if any day exceeded the "mark" price from "length" days ago, plus the limit. The probability is the ratio of such periods wherein price exceeded the limit to the total number of periods.
Rebalance as a Bear/Bull indicatorCheck if the current market has a Bear tendency or a Bull tendency.
Bear areas are marked as red squares going down from 0.
Bull areas are marked as green squares going up from 0.
Buying/Selling windows of opportunity
On top of the Bear/Bull squares, this indicator tries to show you the windows where to look for good buying/selling opportunities.
These are marked as full columns:
Blue columns represent a window to look out for good buying opportunities
Pink columns represent a window to look out for good selling opportunities
How is this possible?
This is an indicator of a simple idea to check if the market has a Bear or Bull tendency:
1. Start with a virtual portfolio of 60/40 tokens per fiat.
2. Rebalance it when its ratio oscillates by a given % (first input)
3. Count the number of times the rebalancer buys, and sells
4. When the number of buys is greater than the number of sells => the market is going down
5. When the number of sells is greater than the number of buys => the market is going up
This is shown as the "Bear/Bull Strength" squares (red when bear, green when bull)
An extra rebalancer is also kept that works at each bar (regardless of the input %).
This is used to calculate an amount of tokens beying sold/bought and used as a "market force" coefficient.
Another extra: based on both the bear/bull strengh and market force an attempt is made to
provide good buying/selling windows of analysis.
The blue background is a buying opportunity, the red background is a sell opportunity.
In a bear market sales are delayed, and in a bull market buys are delayed.
trend_vol_forecastNote: The following description is copied from the script's comments. Since TradingView does not allow me to edit this description, please refer to the comments and release notes for the most up-to-date information.
-----------
USAGE
This script compares trend trading with a volatility stop to "buy and hold".
Trades are taken with the trend, except when price exceeds a volatility
forecast. The trend is defined by a moving average crossover. The forecast
is based on projecting future volatility from historical volatility.
The trend is defined by two parameters:
- long: the length of a long ("slow") moving average.
- short: the length of a short ("fast") moving average.
The trend is up when the short moving average is above the long. Otherwise
it is down.
The volatility stop is defined by three parameters:
- volatility window: determines the number of periods in the historical
volatility calculation. More periods means a slower (smoother)
estimate of historical volatility.
- stop forecast periods: the number of periods in the volatility
forecast. For example, "7" on a daily chart means that the volatility
will be forecasted with a one week lag.
- stop forecast stdev: the number of standard deviations in the stop
forecast. For example, "2" means two standard deviations.
EXAMPLE
The default parameters are:
- long: 50
- short: 20
- volatility window: 30
- stop forecast periods: 7
- stop forecast standard deviations: 1
The trend will be up when the 20 period moving average is above the 50
period moving average. On each bar, the historical volatility will be
calculated from the previous 30 bars. If the historical volatility is 0.65
(65%), then a forecast will be drawn as a fuchsia line, subtracting
0.65 * sqrt(7 / 365) from the closing price. If price at any point falls
below the forecast, the volatility stop is in place, and the trend is
negated.
OUTPUTS
Plots:
- The trend is shown by painting the slow moving average green (up), red
(down), or black (none; volatility stop).
- The fast moving average is shown in faint blue
- The previous volatility forecasts are shown in faint fuchsia
- The current volatility forecast is shown as a fuchsia line, projecting
into the future as far as it is valid.
Tables:
- The current historical volatility is given in the top right corner, as a
whole number percentage.
- The performance table shows the mean, standard deviation, and sharpe
ratio of the volatility stop trend strategy, as well as buy and hold.
If the trend is up, each period's return is added to the sample (the
strategy is long). If the trend is down, the inverse of each period's
return is added to the sample (the strategy is short). If there is no
trend (the volatility stop is active), the period's return is excluded
from the sample. Every period is added to the buy-and-hold strategy's
sample. The total number of periods in each sample is also shown.
Shifted Buy PressureDifferentiated Buy Pressure Indicator Documentation
Overview: The Differentiated Buy Pressure indicator is a custom Pine Script™ indicator designed to measure and visualize buy and sell pressure in the market. It calculates buy pressure based on a combination of volume, range, and gap, and provides a differentiated buy pressure which is shifted by 90°, offering predictive insights.
Inputs:
Window Size: The window size for average calculation (default: 20).
Show Overlay: Option to show the price overlay (default: false).
Overlay Boost Factor: Boosting factor for overlaying the price (default: 0.01).
Calculations:
Relative Range: Calculated as (high - low) / close.
Average Range: Simple moving average of the relative range over the specified window.
Average Volume: Simple moving average of the volume over the specified window.
Relative Gap: Calculated as open / close .
Average Gap: Simple moving average of the relative gap over the specified window.
Buy Pressure: Calculated using the formula: buy_pressure = -math.log(relative_range / avg_range * volume / avg_volume * relative_gap / avg_gap)
Differentiated Buy Pressure: Calculated as the difference between the current and previous buy pressure: diff_buy_pressure = buy_pressure - buy_pressure
Plots:
Zero Line: A horizontal line at zero for reference.
Buy Pressure: Plotted in blue, representing the calculated buy pressure.
Differentiated Buy Pressure: Plotted in red, representing the differentiated buy pressure.
Overlay: Optionally plots the price overlay boosted by the differentiated buy pressure.
Labels:
Labels are created to display the buy pressure and differentiated buy pressure values on the chart.
Usage: This indicator helps traders visualize the buy and sell pressure in the market. Positive values indicate buy pressure, while negative values indicate sell pressure. The differentiated buy pressure, shifted by 90°, provides predictive insights into future market movements.
This documentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Differentiated Buy Pressure indicator, explaining its purpose, inputs, calculations, and usage.
PaddingThe Padding library is a comprehensive and flexible toolkit designed to extend time series data within TradingView, making it an indispensable resource for advanced signal processing tasks such as FFT, filtering, convolution, and wavelet analysis. At its core, the library addresses the common challenge of edge effects by "padding" your data—that is, by appending additional data points beyond the natural boundaries of your original dataset. This extension not only mitigates the distortions that can occur at the endpoints but also helps to maintain the integrity of various transformations and calculations performed on the series. The library accomplishes this while preserving the ordering of your data, ensuring that the most recent point always resides at index 0.
Central to the functionality of this library are two key enumerations: Direction and PaddingType. The Direction enum determines where the padding will be applied. You can choose to extend the data in the forward direction (ahead of the current values), in the backward direction (behind the current values), or in both directions simultaneously. The PaddingType enum defines the specific method used for extending the data. The library supports several methods—including symmetric, reflect, periodic, antisymmetric, antireflect, smooth, constant, and zero padding—each of which has been implemented to suit different analytical scenarios. For instance, symmetric padding mirrors the original data across its boundaries, while reflect padding continues the trend by reflecting around endpoint values. Periodic padding repeats the data, and antisymmetric padding mirrors the data with alternating signs to counterbalance it. The antireflect and smooth methods take into account the derivatives of your data, thereby extending the series in a way that preserves or smoothly continues these derivative values. Constant and zero padding simply extend the series using fixed endpoint values or zeros. Together, these enums allow you to fine-tune how your data is extended, ensuring that the padding method aligns with the specific requirements of your analysis.
The library is designed to work with both single variable inputs and array inputs. When using array-based methods—particularly with the antireflect and smooth padding types—please note that the implementation intentionally discards the last data point as a result of the delta computation process. This behavior is an important consideration when integrating the library into your TradingView studies, as it affects the overall data length of the padded series. Despite this, the library’s structure and documentation make it straightforward to incorporate into your existing scripts. You simply provide your data source, define the length of your data window, and select the desired padding type and direction, along with any optional parameters to control the extent of the padding (using both_period, forward_period, or backward_period).
In practical application, the Padding library enables you to extend historical data beyond its original range in a controlled and predictable manner. This is particularly useful when preparing datasets for further signal processing, as it helps to reduce artifacts that can otherwise compromise the results of your analytical routines. Whether you are an experienced Pine Script developer or a trader exploring advanced data analysis techniques, this library offers a robust solution that enhances the reliability and accuracy of your studies by ensuring your algorithms operate on a more complete and well-prepared dataset.
Library "Padding"
A comprehensive library for padding time series data with various methods. Supports both single variable and array inputs, with flexible padding directions and periods. Designed for signal processing applications including FFT, filtering, convolution, and wavelets. All methods maintain data ordering with most recent point at index 0.
symmetric(source, series_length, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies symmetric padding by mirroring the input data across boundaries
Parameters:
source (float) : Input value to pad from
series_length (int) : Length of the data window
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with symmetric padding applied
method symmetric(source, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies symmetric padding to an array by mirroring the data across boundaries
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
source (array) : Array of values to pad
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to array length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to array length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with symmetric padding applied
reflect(source, series_length, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies reflect padding by continuing trends through reflection around endpoint values
Parameters:
source (float) : Input value to pad from
series_length (int) : Length of the data window
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with reflect padding applied
method reflect(source, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies reflect padding to an array by continuing trends through reflection around endpoint values
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
source (array) : Array of values to pad
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to array length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to array length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with reflect padding applied
periodic(source, series_length, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies periodic padding by repeating the input data
Parameters:
source (float) : Input value to pad from
series_length (int) : Length of the data window
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with periodic padding applied
method periodic(source, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies periodic padding to an array by repeating the data
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
source (array) : Array of values to pad
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to array length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to array length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with periodic padding applied
antisymmetric(source, series_length, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies antisymmetric padding by mirroring data and alternating signs
Parameters:
source (float) : Input value to pad from
series_length (int) : Length of the data window
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with antisymmetric padding applied
method antisymmetric(source, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies antisymmetric padding to an array by mirroring data and alternating signs
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
source (array) : Array of values to pad
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to array length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to array length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with antisymmetric padding applied
antireflect(source, series_length, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies antireflect padding by reflecting around endpoints while preserving derivatives
Parameters:
source (float) : Input value to pad from
series_length (int) : Length of the data window
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with antireflect padding applied
method antireflect(source, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies antireflect padding to an array by reflecting around endpoints while preserving derivatives
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
source (array) : Array of values to pad
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to array length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to array length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with antireflect padding applied. Note: Last data point is lost when using array input
smooth(source, series_length, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies smooth padding by extending with constant derivatives from endpoints
Parameters:
source (float) : Input value to pad from
series_length (int) : Length of the data window
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with smooth padding applied
method smooth(source, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies smooth padding to an array by extending with constant derivatives from endpoints
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
source (array) : Array of values to pad
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to array length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to array length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with smooth padding applied. Note: Last data point is lost when using array input
constant(source, series_length, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies constant padding by extending endpoint values
Parameters:
source (float) : Input value to pad from
series_length (int) : Length of the data window
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with constant padding applied
method constant(source, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies constant padding to an array by extending endpoint values
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
source (array) : Array of values to pad
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to array length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to array length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with constant padding applied
zero(source, series_length, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies zero padding by extending with zeros
Parameters:
source (float) : Input value to pad from
series_length (int) : Length of the data window
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with zero padding applied
method zero(source, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Applies zero padding to an array by extending with zeros
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
source (array) : Array of values to pad
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to array length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to array length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with zero padding applied
pad_data(source, series_length, padding_type, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Generic padding function that applies specified padding type to input data
Parameters:
source (float) : Input value to pad from
series_length (int) : Length of the data window
padding_type (series PaddingType) : Type of padding to apply (see PaddingType enum)
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with specified padding applied
method pad_data(source, padding_type, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Generic padding function that applies specified padding type to array input
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
source (array) : Array of values to pad
padding_type (series PaddingType) : Type of padding to apply (see PaddingType enum)
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to array length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to array length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing original data with specified padding applied. Note: Last data point is lost when using antireflect or smooth padding types
make_padded_data(source, series_length, padding_type, direction, both_period, forward_period, backward_period)
Creates a window-based padded data series that updates with each new value. WARNING: Function must be called on every bar for consistency. Do not use in scopes where it may not execute on every bar.
Parameters:
source (float) : Input value to pad from
series_length (int) : Length of the data window
padding_type (series PaddingType) : Type of padding to apply (see PaddingType enum)
direction (series Direction) : Direction to apply padding
both_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad in both directions. Overrides forward_period and backward_period if specified
forward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad forward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
backward_period (int) : Optional - periods to pad backward. Defaults to series_length if not specified
Returns: Array ordered with most recent point at index 0, containing windowed data with specified padding applied
Price Prediction With Rolling Volatility [TradeDots]The "Price Prediction With Rolling Volatility" is a trading indicator that estimates future price ranges based on the volatility of price movements within a user-defined rolling window.
HOW DOES IT WORK
This indicator utilizes 3 types of user-provided data to conduct its calculations: the length of the rolling window, the number of bars projecting into the future, and a maximum of three sets of standard deviations.
Firstly, the rolling window. The algorithm amasses close prices from the number of bars determined by the value in the rolling window, aggregating them into an array. It then calculates their standard deviations in order to forecast the prospective minimum and maximum price values.
Subsequently, a loop is initiated running into the number of bars into the future, as dictated by the second parameter, to calculate the maximum price change in both the positive and negative direction.
The third parameter introduces a series of standard deviation values into the forecasting model, enabling users to dictate the volatility or confidence level of the results. A larger standard deviation correlates with a wider predicted range, thereby enhancing the probability factor.
APPLICATION
The purpose of the indicator is to provide traders with an understanding of the potential future movement of the price, demarcating maximum and minimum expected outcomes. For instance, if an asset demonstrates a substantial spike beyond the forecasted range, there's a significantly high probability of that price being rejected and reversed.
However, this indicator should not be the sole basis for your trading decisions. The range merely reflects the volatility within the rolling window and may overlook significant historical price movements. As with any trading strategies, synergize this with other indicators for a more comprehensive and reliable analysis.
Note: In instances where the number of predicted bars is exceedingly high, the lines may become scattered, presumably due to inherent limitations on the TradingView platform. Consequently, when applying three SD in your indicator, it is advised to limit the predicted bars to fewer than 80.
RISK DISCLAIMER
Trading entails substantial risk, and most day traders incur losses. All content, tools, scripts, articles, and education provided by TradeDots serve purely informational and educational purposes. Past performances are not definitive predictors of future results.
Indicators OverlayHello All,
This script shows the indicators in separate windows on the main chart. Included indicators are RSI, CCI, OBV, Stochastic, Money Flow Index, Average True Range and Chande Momentum Oscillator. indicator windows are located at the top or bottom of the chart according to last moves of the Closing price. Different colors are used for each indicator. Horizontal levels are shown as dashed line and label as well.
Using the options;
You can enable/disable the indicators you want to see or not
You can change source and length for each indicator
You can set window length. using this length indicator windows are located on the chart
After you added this indicator to your chart I recommend: right click on any of the indicator windows => "Visual Order" => "Bring to front" as seen screenshot below:
in this example only 3 indicators enabled and period is set as 80:
indicator windows moves to the top or bottom of the chart according to the close price:
P.S. if you want to see any other indicator in the options then leave a comment under the indicator ;)
Enjoy!
Auto Darvas Boxes## AUTO DARVAS BOXES
---
### OVERVIEW
**Auto Darvas Boxes** is a fully-automated, event-driven implementation of Nicolas Darvas’s 1950s box methodology.
The script tracks consolidation zones in real time, verifies that price truly “respects” those zones for a fixed validation window, then waits for the first decisive range violation to mark a directional breakout.
Every box is plotted end-to-end—from the first candle of the sideways range to the exact candle that ruptures it—giving you an on-chart, visually precise record of accumulation or distribution and the expansion that follows.
---
### HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
* Nicolas Darvas was a professional ballroom dancer who traded U.S. equities by telegram while touring the world.
* Without live news or Level II, he relied exclusively on **price** to infer institutional intent.
* His core insight: true market-moving entities leave footprints in the form of tight ranges; once their buying (or selling) is complete, price erupts out of the “box.”
* Darvas’s original procedure was manual—he kept notebooks, drew rectangles around highs and lows, and entered only when price punched out of the roof of a valid box.
* This indicator distills that logic into a rolling, self-resetting state machine so you never miss a box or breakout on any timeframe.
---
### ALGORITHM DETAIL (FOUR-STATE MACHINE)
**STATE 0 – RANGE DEFINITION**
• Examine the last *N* candles (default 7).
• Record `rangeHigh = highest(high, N) + tolerance`.
• Record `rangeLow = lowest(low, N) – tolerance`.
• Remember the index of the earliest bar in this window (`startBar`).
• Immediately transition to STATE 1.
**STATE 1 – RANGE VALIDATION**
• Observe the next *N* candles (again default 7).
• If **any** candle prints `high > rangeHigh` or `low < rangeLow`, the validation fails and the engine resets to STATE 0 **beginning at the violating candle**—no halfway boxes, no overlap.
• If all *N* candles remain inside the range, the box becomes **armed** and we transition to STATE 2.
**STATE 2 – ARMED (LIVE VISUAL FEEDBACK)**
• Draw a **green horizontal line** at `rangeHigh`.
• Draw a **red horizontal line** at `rangeLow`.
• Lines are extended in real time so the user can see the “live” Darvas ceiling and floor.
• Engine waits indefinitely for a breakout candle:
– **Up-Breakout** if `high > rangeHigh`.
– **Down-Breakout** if `low < rangeLow`.
**STATE 3 – BREAKOUT & COOLDOWN**
• Upon breakout the script:
1. Deletes the live range lines.
2. Draws a **filled rectangle (box)** from `startBar` to the breakout bar.
◦ **Green fill** when price exits above the ceiling.
◦ **Red fill** when price exits below the floor.
3. Optionally prints two labels at the left edge of the box:
◦ Dollar distance = `rangeHigh − rangeLow`.
◦ Percentage distance = `(rangeHigh − rangeLow) / rangeLow × 100 %`.
• After painting, the script waits a **user-defined cooldown** (default = 7 bars) before reverting to STATE 0. The cooldown guarantees separation between consecutive tests and prevents overlapping rectangles.
---
### INPUT PARAMETERS (ALL ADJUSTABLE FROM THE SETTINGS PANEL)
* **BARS TO DEFINE RANGE** – Number of candles used for both the definition and validation windows. Classic Darvas logic uses 7 but feel free to raise it on higher timeframes or volatile instruments.
* **OPTIONAL TOLERANCE** – Absolute price buffer added above the ceiling and below the floor. Use a small tolerance to ignore single-tick spikes or data-feed noise.
* **COOLDOWN BARS AFTER BREAKOUT** – How long the engine pauses before hunting for the next consolidation. Setting this equal to the range length produces non-overlapping, evenly spaced boxes.
* **SHOW BOX DISTANCE LABELS** – Toggle on/off. When on, each completed box displays its vertical size in both dollars and percentage, anchored at the box’s left edge.
---
### REAL-TIME VISUALISATION
* During the **armed** phase you see two extended, colour-coded guide-lines showing the exact high/low that must hold.
* When the breakout finally occurs, those lines vanish and the rectangle instantly appears, coloured to match the breakout direction.
* This immediate visual feedback turns any chart into a live Darvas tape—no manual drawing, no lag.
---
### PRACTICAL USE-CASES & BEST-PRACTICE WORKFLOWS
* **INTRADAY MOMENTUM** – Drop the script on 1- to 15-minute charts to catch tight coils before they explode. The coloured box marks the precise origin of the expansion; stops can sit just inside the opposite side of the box.
* **SWING & POSITION TRADING** – On 4-hour or daily charts, boxes often correspond to accumulation bases or volatility squeezes. Waiting for the box-validated breakout filters many false signals.
* **MEAN-REVERSION OR “FADE” STRATEGIES** – If a breakout immediately fails and price re-enters the box, you may have trapped momentum traders; fading that failure can be lucrative.
* **RISK MANAGEMENT** – Box extremes provide objective, structure-based stop levels rather than arbitrary ATR multiples.
* **BACK-TEST RESEARCH** – Because each box is plotted from first range candle to breakout candle, you can programmatically measure hold time, range height, and post-breakout expectancy for any asset.
---
### CUSTOMISATION IDEAS FOR POWER USERS
* **VOLATILITY-ADAPTIVE WINDOW** – Replace the fixed 7-bar length with a dynamic value tied to ATR percentile so the consolidation window stretches or compresses with volatility.
* **MULTI-TIMEFRAME LOGIC** – Only arm a 5-minute box if the 1-hour trend is aligned.
* **STRATEGY WRAPPER** – Convert the indicator to a full `strategy{}` script, automate entries on breakouts, and benchmark performance across assets.
* **ALERTS** – Create TradingView alerts on both up-breakout and down-breakout conditions; route them to webhook for broker automation.
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### FINAL THOUGHTS
**Auto Darvas Boxes** packages one of the market’s oldest yet still potent price-action frameworks into a modern, self-resetting indicator. Whether you trade equities, futures, crypto, or forex, the script highlights genuine contraction-expansion sequences—Darvas’s original “boxes”—with zero manual effort, letting you focus solely on execution and risk.
Volume Profile & Smart Money Explorer🔍 Volume Profile & Smart Money Explorer: Decode Institutional Footprints
Master the art of institutional trading with this sophisticated volume analysis tool. Track smart money movements, identify peak liquidity windows, and align your trades with major market participants.
🌟 Key Features:
📊 Triple-Layer Volume Analysis
• Total Volume Patterns
• Directional Volume Split (Up/Down)
• Institutional Flow Detection
• Real-time Smart Money Tracking
• Historical Pattern Recognition
⚡ Smart Money Detection
• Institutional Trade Identification
• Large Block Order Tracking
• Smart Money Concentration Periods
• Whale Activity Alerts
• Volume Threshold Analysis
📈 Advanced Profiling
• Hourly Volume Distribution
• Directional Bias Analysis
• Liquidity Heat Maps
• Volume Pattern Recognition
• Custom Threshold Settings
🎯 Strategic Applications:
Institutional Trading:
• Track Big Player Movements
• Identify Accumulation/Distribution
• Follow Smart Money Flow
• Detect Institutional Trading Windows
• Monitor Block Orders
Risk Management:
• Identify High Liquidity Windows
• Avoid Thin Market Periods
• Optimize Position Sizing
• Track Market Participation
• Monitor Volume Quality
Market Analysis:
• Volume Pattern Recognition
• Smart Money Flow Analysis
• Liquidity Window Identification
• Institutional Activity Cycles
• Market Depth Analysis
💡 Perfect For:
• Professional Traders
• Volume Profile Traders
• Institutional Traders
• Risk Managers
• Algorithmic Traders
• Smart Money Followers
• Day Traders
• Swing Traders
📊 Key Metrics:
• Normalized Volume Profiles
• Institutional Thresholds
• Directional Volume Split
• Smart Money Concentration
• Historical Patterns
• Real-time Analysis
⚡ Trading Edge:
• Trade with Institution Flow
• Identify Optimal Entry Points
• Recognize Distribution Patterns
• Follow Smart Money Positioning
• Avoid Thin Markets
• Capitalize on Peak Liquidity
🎓 Educational Value:
• Understand Market Structure
• Learn Volume Analysis
• Master Institutional Patterns
• Develop Market Intuition
• Track Smart Money Flow
🛠️ Customization:
• Adjustable Time Windows
• Flexible Volume Thresholds
• Multiple Timeframe Analysis
• Custom Alert Settings
• Visual Preference Options
Whether you're tracking institutional flows in crypto markets or following smart money in traditional markets, the Volume Profile & Smart Money Explorer provides the deep insights needed to trade alongside the biggest players.
Transform your trading from retail guesswork to institutional precision. Know exactly when and where smart money moves, and position yourself ahead of major market shifts.
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