GKD-BT Giga Confirmation Stack Backtest [Loxx]Giga Kaleidoscope GKD-BT Giga Confirmation Stack Backtest is a Backtesting module included in Loxx's "Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System".
█ GKD-BT Giga Confirmation Stack Backtest
The Giga Confirmation Stack Backtest module allows users to perform backtesting on Long and Short signals from the confluence between GKD-C Confirmation 1 and GKD-C Confirmation 2 indicators. This module encompasses two types of backtests: Trading and Full. The Trading backtest permits users to evaluate individual trades, whether Long or Short, one at a time. Conversely, the Full backtest allows users to analyze either Longs or Shorts separately by toggling between them in the settings, enabling the examination of results for each signal type. The Trading backtest emulates actual trading conditions, while the Full backtest assesses all signals, regardless of being Long or Short.
Additionally, this backtest module provides the option to test using indicators with 1 to 3 take profits and 1 stop loss. The Trading backtest allows for the use of 1 to 3 take profits, while the Full backtest is limited to 1 take profit. The Trading backtest also offers the capability to apply a trailing take profit.
In terms of the percentage of trade removed at each take profit, this backtest module has the following hardcoded values:
Take profit 1: 50% of the trade is removed.
Take profit 2: 25% of the trade is removed.
Take profit 3: 25% of the trade is removed.
Stop loss: 100% of the trade is removed.
After each take profit is achieved, the stop loss level is adjusted. When take profit 1 is reached, the stop loss is moved to the entry point. Similarly, when take profit 2 is reached, the stop loss is shifted to take profit 1. The trailing take profit feature comes into play after take profit 2 or take profit 3, depending on the number of take profits selected in the settings. The trailing take profit is always activated on the final take profit when 2 or more take profits are chosen.
The backtest module also offers the capability to restrict by a specific date range, allowing for simulated forward testing based on past data. Additionally, users have the option to display or hide a trading panel that provides relevant information about the backtest, statistics, and the current trade. It is also possible to activate alerts and toggle sections of the trading panel on or off. On the chart, historical take profit and stop loss levels are represented by horizontal lines overlaid for reference.
To utilize this strategy, follow these steps:
1. Adjust the "Confirmation Type" in the GKD-C Confirmation 1 Indicator to "GKD New."
2. GKD-C Confirmation 1 Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-C Confirmation 1 module into the GKD-BT Giga Confirmation Stack Backtest module setting named "Import GKD-C Confirmation 1."
3. Adjust the "Confirmation Type" in the GKD-C Confirmation 2 Indicator to "GKD New."
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-C Confirmation 2 module into the GKD-BT Giga Confirmation Stack Backtest module setting named "Import GKD-C Confirmation 2."
█ Giga Confirmation Stack Backtest Entries
Entries are generated from the confluence of a GKD-C Confirmation 1 and GKD-C Confirmation 2 indicators. The Confirmation 1 gives the signal and the Confirmation 2 indicator filters or "approves" the the Confirmation 1 signal. If Confirmation 1 gives a long signal and Confirmation 2 shows a downtrend, then the long signal is rejected. If Confirmation 1 gives a long signal and Confirmation 2 shows an uptrend, then the long signal is approved and sent to the backtest execution engine.
█ Volatility Types Included
The GKD system utilizes volatility-based take profits and stop losses. Each take profit and stop loss is calculated as a multiple of volatility. Users can also adjust the multiplier values in the settings.
This module includes 17 types of volatility:
Close-to-Close
Parkinson
Garman-Klass
Rogers-Satchell
Yang-Zhang
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang
Exponential Weighted Moving Average
Standard Deviation of Log Returns
Pseudo GARCH(2,2)
Average True Range
True Range Double
Standard Deviation
Adaptive Deviation
Median Absolute Deviation
Efficiency-Ratio Adaptive ATR
Mean Absolute Deviation
Static Percent
Close-to-Close
Close-to-Close volatility is a classic and widely used volatility measure, sometimes referred to as historical volatility.
Volatility is an indicator of the speed of a stock price change. A stock with high volatility is one where the price changes rapidly and with a larger amplitude. The more volatile a stock is, the riskier it is.
Close-to-close historical volatility is calculated using only a stock's closing prices. It is the simplest volatility estimator. However, in many cases, it is not precise enough. Stock prices could jump significantly during a trading session and return to the opening value at the end. That means that a considerable amount of price information is not taken into account by close-to-close volatility.
Despite its drawbacks, Close-to-Close volatility is still useful in cases where the instrument doesn't have intraday prices. For example, mutual funds calculate their net asset values daily or weekly, and thus their prices are not suitable for more sophisticated volatility estimators.
Parkinson
Parkinson volatility is a volatility measure that uses the stock’s high and low price of the day.
The main difference between regular volatility and Parkinson volatility is that the latter uses high and low prices for a day, rather than only the closing price. This is useful as close-to-close prices could show little difference while large price movements could have occurred during the day. Thus, Parkinson's volatility is considered more precise and requires less data for calculation than close-to-close volatility.
One drawback of this estimator is that it doesn't take into account price movements after the market closes. Hence, it systematically undervalues volatility. This drawback is addressed in the Garman-Klass volatility estimator.
Garman-Klass
Garman-Klass is a volatility estimator that incorporates open, low, high, and close prices of a security.
Garman-Klass volatility extends Parkinson's volatility by taking into account the opening and closing prices. As markets are most active during the opening and closing of a trading session, it makes volatility estimation more accurate.
Garman and Klass also assumed that the process of price change follows a continuous diffusion process (Geometric Brownian motion). However, this assumption has several drawbacks. The method is not robust for opening jumps in price and trend movements.
Despite its drawbacks, the Garman-Klass estimator is still more effective than the basic formula since it takes into account not only the price at the beginning and end of the time interval but also intraday price extremes.
Researchers Rogers and Satchell have proposed a more efficient method for assessing historical volatility that takes into account price trends. See Rogers-Satchell Volatility for more detail.
Rogers-Satchell
Rogers-Satchell is an estimator for measuring the volatility of securities with an average return not equal to zero.
Unlike Parkinson and Garman-Klass estimators, Rogers-Satchell incorporates a drift term (mean return not equal to zero). As a result, it provides better volatility estimation when the underlying is trending.
The main disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into account price movements between trading sessions. This leads to an underestimation of volatility since price jumps periodically occur in the market precisely at the moments between sessions.
A more comprehensive estimator that also considers the gaps between sessions was developed based on the Rogers-Satchel formula in the 2000s by Yang-Zhang. See Yang Zhang Volatility for more detail.
Yang-Zhang
Yang Zhang is a historical volatility estimator that handles both opening jumps and the drift and has a minimum estimation error.
Yang-Zhang volatility can be thought of as a combination of the overnight (close-to-open volatility) and a weighted average of the Rogers-Satchell volatility and the day’s open-to-close volatility. It is considered to be 14 times more efficient than the close-to-close estimator.
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang (GKYZ) volatility estimator incorporates the returns of open, high, low, and closing prices in its calculation.
GKYZ volatility estimator takes into account overnight jumps but not the trend, i.e., it assumes that the underlying asset follows a Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process with zero drift. Therefore, the GKYZ volatility estimator tends to overestimate the volatility when the drift is different from zero. However, for a GBM process, this estimator is eight times more efficient than the close-to-close volatility estimator.
Exponential Weighted Moving Average
The Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) is a quantitative or statistical measure used to model or describe a time series. The EWMA is widely used in finance, with the main applications being technical analysis and volatility modeling.
The moving average is designed such that older observations are given lower weights. The weights decrease exponentially as the data point gets older – hence the name exponentially weighted.
The only decision a user of the EWMA must make is the parameter lambda. The parameter decides how important the current observation is in the calculation of the EWMA. The higher the value of lambda, the more closely the EWMA tracks the original time series.
Standard Deviation of Log Returns
This is the simplest calculation of volatility. It's the standard deviation of ln(close/close(1)).
Pseudo GARCH(2,2)
This is calculated using a short- and long-run mean of variance multiplied by ?.
?avg(var;M) + (1 ? ?) avg(var;N) = 2?var/(M+1-(M-1)L) + 2(1-?)var/(M+1-(M-1)L)
Solving for ? can be done by minimizing the mean squared error of estimation; that is, regressing L^-1var - avg(var; N) against avg(var; M) - avg(var; N) and using the resulting beta estimate as ?.
Average True Range
The average true range (ATR) is a technical analysis indicator, introduced by market technician J. Welles Wilder Jr. in his book New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems, that measures market volatility by decomposing the entire range of an asset price for that period.
The true range indicator is taken as the greatest of the following: current high less the current low; the absolute value of the current high less the previous close; and the absolute value of the current low less the previous close. The ATR is then a moving average, generally using 14 days, of the true ranges.
True Range Double
A special case of ATR that attempts to correct for volatility skew.
Standard Deviation
Standard deviation is a statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to its mean and is calculated as the square root of the variance. The standard deviation is calculated as the square root of variance by determining each data point's deviation relative to the mean. If the data points are further from the mean, there is a higher deviation within the data set; thus, the more spread out the data, the higher the standard deviation.
Adaptive Deviation
By definition, the Standard Deviation (STD, also represented by the Greek letter sigma ? or the Latin letter s) is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values. In technical analysis, we usually use it to measure the level of current volatility.
Standard Deviation is based on Simple Moving Average calculation for mean value. This version of standard deviation uses the properties of EMA to calculate what can be called a new type of deviation, and since it is based on EMA, we can call it EMA deviation. Additionally, Perry Kaufman's efficiency ratio is used to make it adaptive (since all EMA type calculations are nearly perfect for adapting).
The difference when compared to the standard is significant--not just because of EMA usage, but the efficiency ratio makes it a "bit more logical" in very volatile market conditions.
Median Absolute Deviation
The median absolute deviation is a measure of statistical dispersion. Moreover, the MAD is a robust statistic, being more resilient to outliers in a data set than the standard deviation. In the standard deviation, the distances from the mean are squared, so large deviations are weighted more heavily, and thus outliers can heavily influence it. In the MAD, the deviations of a small number of outliers are irrelevant.
Because the MAD is a more robust estimator of scale than the sample variance or standard deviation, it works better with distributions without a mean or variance, such as the Cauchy distribution.
Efficiency-Ratio Adaptive ATR
Average True Range (ATR) is a widely used indicator for many occasions in technical analysis. It is calculated as the RMA of the true range. This version adds a "twist": it uses Perry Kaufman's Efficiency Ratio to calculate adaptive true range.
Mean Absolute Deviation
The mean absolute deviation (MAD) is a measure of variability that indicates the average distance between observations and their mean. MAD uses the original units of the data, which simplifies interpretation. Larger values signify that the data points spread out further from the average. Conversely, lower values correspond to data points bunching closer to it. The mean absolute deviation is also known as the mean deviation and average absolute deviation.
This definition of the mean absolute deviation sounds similar to the standard deviation (SD). While both measure variability, they have different calculations. In recent years, some proponents of MAD have suggested that it replace the SD as the primary measure because it is a simpler concept that better fits real life.
Static Percent
Static Percent allows the user to insert their own constant percent that will then be used to create take profits and stoploss
█ Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System
Core components of an NNFX algorithmic trading strategy
The NNFX algorithm is built on the principles of trend, momentum, and volatility. There are six core components in the NNFX trading algorithm:
1. Volatility - price volatility; e.g., Average True Range, True Range Double, Close-to-Close, etc.
2. Baseline - a moving average to identify price trend
3. Confirmation 1 - a technical indicator used to identify trends
4. Confirmation 2 - a technical indicator used to identify trends
5. Continuation - a technical indicator used to identify trends
6. Volatility/Volume - a technical indicator used to identify volatility/volume breakouts/breakdown
7. Exit - a technical indicator used to determine when a trend is exhausted
What is Volatility in the NNFX trading system?
In the NNFX (No Nonsense Forex) trading system, ATR (Average True Range) is typically used to measure the volatility of an asset. It is used as a part of the system to help determine the appropriate stop loss and take profit levels for a trade. ATR is calculated by taking the average of the true range values over a specified period.
True range is calculated as the maximum of the following values:
-Current high minus the current low
-Absolute value of the current high minus the previous close
-Absolute value of the current low minus the previous close
ATR is a dynamic indicator that changes with changes in volatility. As volatility increases, the value of ATR increases, and as volatility decreases, the value of ATR decreases. By using ATR in NNFX system, traders can adjust their stop loss and take profit levels according to the volatility of the asset being traded. This helps to ensure that the trade is given enough room to move, while also minimizing potential losses.
Other types of volatility include True Range Double (TRD), Close-to-Close, and Garman-Klass
What is a Baseline indicator?
The baseline is essentially a moving average, and is used to determine the overall direction of the market.
The baseline in the NNFX system is used to filter out trades that are not in line with the long-term trend of the market. The baseline is plotted on the chart along with other indicators, such as the Moving Average (MA), the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and the Average True Range (ATR).
Trades are only taken when the price is in the same direction as the baseline. For example, if the baseline is sloping upwards, only long trades are taken, and if the baseline is sloping downwards, only short trades are taken. This approach helps to ensure that trades are in line with the overall trend of the market, and reduces the risk of entering trades that are likely to fail.
By using a baseline in the NNFX system, traders can have a clear reference point for determining the overall trend of the market, and can make more informed trading decisions. The baseline helps to filter out noise and false signals, and ensures that trades are taken in the direction of the long-term trend.
What is a Confirmation indicator?
Confirmation indicators are technical indicators that are used to confirm the signals generated by primary indicators. Primary indicators are the core indicators used in the NNFX system, such as the Average True Range (ATR), the Moving Average (MA), and the Relative Strength Index (RSI).
The purpose of the confirmation indicators is to reduce false signals and improve the accuracy of the trading system. They are designed to confirm the signals generated by the primary indicators by providing additional information about the strength and direction of the trend.
Some examples of confirmation indicators that may be used in the NNFX system include the Bollinger Bands, the MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence), and the MACD Oscillator. These indicators can provide information about the volatility, momentum, and trend strength of the market, and can be used to confirm the signals generated by the primary indicators.
In the NNFX system, confirmation indicators are used in combination with primary indicators and other filters to create a trading system that is robust and reliable. By using multiple indicators to confirm trading signals, the system aims to reduce the risk of false signals and improve the overall profitability of the trades.
What is a Continuation indicator?
In the NNFX (No Nonsense Forex) trading system, a continuation indicator is a technical indicator that is used to confirm a current trend and predict that the trend is likely to continue in the same direction. A continuation indicator is typically used in conjunction with other indicators in the system, such as a baseline indicator, to provide a comprehensive trading strategy.
What is a Volatility/Volume indicator?
Volume indicators, such as the On Balance Volume (OBV), the Chaikin Money Flow (CMF), or the Volume Price Trend (VPT), are used to measure the amount of buying and selling activity in a market. They are based on the trading volume of the market, and can provide information about the strength of the trend. In the NNFX system, volume indicators are used to confirm trading signals generated by the Moving Average and the Relative Strength Index. Volatility indicators include Average Direction Index, Waddah Attar, and Volatility Ratio. In the NNFX trading system, volatility is a proxy for volume and vice versa.
By using volume indicators as confirmation tools, the NNFX trading system aims to reduce the risk of false signals and improve the overall profitability of trades. These indicators can provide additional information about the market that is not captured by the primary indicators, and can help traders to make more informed trading decisions. In addition, volume indicators can be used to identify potential changes in market trends and to confirm the strength of price movements.
What is an Exit indicator?
The exit indicator is used in conjunction with other indicators in the system, such as the Moving Average (MA), the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and the Average True Range (ATR), to provide a comprehensive trading strategy.
The exit indicator in the NNFX system can be any technical indicator that is deemed effective at identifying optimal exit points. Examples of exit indicators that are commonly used include the Parabolic SAR, the Average Directional Index (ADX), and the Chandelier Exit.
The purpose of the exit indicator is to identify when a trend is likely to reverse or when the market conditions have changed, signaling the need to exit a trade. By using an exit indicator, traders can manage their risk and prevent significant losses.
In the NNFX system, the exit indicator is used in conjunction with a stop loss and a take profit order to maximize profits and minimize losses. The stop loss order is used to limit the amount of loss that can be incurred if the trade goes against the trader, while the take profit order is used to lock in profits when the trade is moving in the trader's favor.
Overall, the use of an exit indicator in the NNFX trading system is an important component of a comprehensive trading strategy. It allows traders to manage their risk effectively and improve the profitability of their trades by exiting at the right time.
How does Loxx's GKD (Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System) implement the NNFX algorithm outlined above?
Loxx's GKD v2.0 system has five types of modules (indicators/strategies). These modules are:
1. GKD-BT - Backtesting module (Volatility, Number 1 in the NNFX algorithm)
2. GKD-B - Baseline module (Baseline and Volatility/Volume, Numbers 1 and 2 in the NNFX algorithm)
3. GKD-C - Confirmation 1/2 and Continuation module (Confirmation 1/2 and Continuation, Numbers 3, 4, and 5 in the NNFX algorithm)
4. GKD-V - Volatility/Volume module (Confirmation 1/2, Number 6 in the NNFX algorithm)
5. GKD-E - Exit module (Exit, Number 7 in the NNFX algorithm)
(additional module types will added in future releases)
Each module interacts with every module by passing data to A backtest module wherein the various components of the GKD system are combined to create a trading signal.
That is, the Baseline indicator passes its data to Volatility/Volume. The Volatility/Volume indicator passes its values to the Confirmation 1 indicator. The Confirmation 1 indicator passes its values to the Confirmation 2 indicator. The Confirmation 2 indicator passes its values to the Continuation indicator. The Continuation indicator passes its values to the Exit indicator, and finally, the Exit indicator passes its values to the Backtest strategy.
This chaining of indicators requires that each module conform to Loxx's GKD protocol, therefore allowing for the testing of every possible combination of technical indicators that make up the six components of the NNFX algorithm.
What does the application of the GKD trading system look like?
Example trading system:
Backtest: Confiramtion Stack Backtest
Baseline: Hull Moving Average
Volatility/Volume: Hurst Exponent
Confirmation 1: Fisher Transform as shown on the chart above
Confirmation 2: uf2018 as shown on the chart above
Continuation: Vortex
Exit: Rex Oscillator
Each GKD indicator is denoted with a module identifier of either: GKD-BT, GKD-B, GKD-C, GKD-V, or GKD-E. This allows traders to understand to which module each indicator belongs and where each indicator fits into the GKD system.
Komut dosyalarını "rsi" için ara
GKD-BT Giga Stacks Backtest [Loxx]Giga Kaleidoscope GKD-BT Giga Stacks Backtest is a Backtesting module included in Loxx's "Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System".
█ GKD-BT Giga Stacks Backtest
The Giga Stacks Backtest module allows users to perform backtesting on Long and Short signals from the confluence of GKD-B Baseline, GKD-C Confirmation, and GKD-V Volatility/Volume indicators. This module encompasses two types of backtests: Trading and Full. The Trading backtest permits users to evaluate individual trades, whether Long or Short, one at a time. Conversely, the Full backtest allows users to analyze either Longs or Shorts separately by toggling between them in the settings, enabling the examination of results for each signal type. The Trading backtest emulates actual trading conditions, while the Full backtest assesses all signals, regardless of being Long or Short.
Additionally, this backtest module provides the option to test using indicators with 1 to 3 take profits and 1 stop loss. The Trading backtest allows for the use of 1 to 3 take profits, while the Full backtest is limited to 1 take profit. The Trading backtest also offers the capability to apply a trailing take profit.
In terms of the percentage of trade removed at each take profit, this backtest module has the following hardcoded values:
Take profit 1: 50% of the trade is removed.
Take profit 2: 25% of the trade is removed.
Take profit 3: 25% of the trade is removed.
Stop loss: 100% of the trade is removed.
After each take profit is achieved, the stop loss level is adjusted. When take profit 1 is reached, the stop loss is moved to the entry point. Similarly, when take profit 2 is reached, the stop loss is shifted to take profit 1. The trailing take profit feature comes into play after take profit 2 or take profit 3, depending on the number of take profits selected in the settings. The trailing take profit is always activated on the final take profit when 2 or more take profits are chosen.
The backtest module also offers the capability to restrict by a specific date range, allowing for simulated forward testing based on past data. Additionally, users have the option to display or hide a trading panel that provides relevant information about the backtest, statistics, and the current trade. It is also possible to activate alerts and toggle sections of the trading panel on or off. On the chart, historical take profit and stop loss levels are represented by horizontal lines overlaid for reference.
To utilize this strategy, follow these steps (where "Stack XX" denotes the number of the Stack):
GKD-B Baseline Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-B Baseline module into the GKD-BT Giga Stacks Backtest module setting named "Stack XX: Import GKD-C, GKD-B, or GKD-V."
GKD-V Volatility/Volume Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-V Volatility/Volume module into the GKD-BT Giga Stacks Backtest module setting named "Stack XX: Import GKD-C, GKD-B, or GKD-V."
GKD-C Confirmation Import: 1) Adjust the "Confirmation Type" in the GKD-C Confirmation Indicator to "GKD New."; 2) Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-C Confirmation module into the GKD-BT Giga Stacks Backtest module setting named "Stack XX: Import GKD-C, GKD-B, or GKD."
█ Giga Stacks Backtest Entries
Entries are generated form the confluence of up to six GKD-B Baseline, GKD-C Confirmation, and GKD-V Volatility/Volume indicators. Signals are generated when all Stacks reach uptrend or downtrend together.
Here's how this works. Assume we have the following Stacks and their respective trend on the current candle:
Stack 1 indicator is in uptreend
Stack 2 indicator is in downtrend
Stack 3 indicator is in uptreend
Stack 4 indicator is in uptreend
All stacks are in uptrend except for Stack 2. If Stack 2 reaches uptrend while Stacks 1, 3, and 4 stay in uptrend, then a long signal is generated. The last Stack to align with all other Stacks will generate a long or short signal.
█ Volatility Types Included
The GKD system utilizes volatility-based take profits and stop losses. Each take profit and stop loss is calculated as a multiple of volatility. Users can also adjust the multiplier values in the settings.
This module includes 17 types of volatility:
Close-to-Close
Parkinson
Garman-Klass
Rogers-Satchell
Yang-Zhang
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang
Exponential Weighted Moving Average
Standard Deviation of Log Returns
Pseudo GARCH(2,2)
Average True Range
True Range Double
Standard Deviation
Adaptive Deviation
Median Absolute Deviation
Efficiency-Ratio Adaptive ATR
Mean Absolute Deviation
Static Percent
Close-to-Close
Close-to-Close volatility is a classic and widely used volatility measure, sometimes referred to as historical volatility.
Volatility is an indicator of the speed of a stock price change. A stock with high volatility is one where the price changes rapidly and with a larger amplitude. The more volatile a stock is, the riskier it is.
Close-to-close historical volatility is calculated using only a stock's closing prices. It is the simplest volatility estimator. However, in many cases, it is not precise enough. Stock prices could jump significantly during a trading session and return to the opening value at the end. That means that a considerable amount of price information is not taken into account by close-to-close volatility.
Despite its drawbacks, Close-to-Close volatility is still useful in cases where the instrument doesn't have intraday prices. For example, mutual funds calculate their net asset values daily or weekly, and thus their prices are not suitable for more sophisticated volatility estimators.
Parkinson
Parkinson volatility is a volatility measure that uses the stock’s high and low price of the day.
The main difference between regular volatility and Parkinson volatility is that the latter uses high and low prices for a day, rather than only the closing price. This is useful as close-to-close prices could show little difference while large price movements could have occurred during the day. Thus, Parkinson's volatility is considered more precise and requires less data for calculation than close-to-close volatility.
One drawback of this estimator is that it doesn't take into account price movements after the market closes. Hence, it systematically undervalues volatility. This drawback is addressed in the Garman-Klass volatility estimator.
Garman-Klass
Garman-Klass is a volatility estimator that incorporates open, low, high, and close prices of a security.
Garman-Klass volatility extends Parkinson's volatility by taking into account the opening and closing prices. As markets are most active during the opening and closing of a trading session, it makes volatility estimation more accurate.
Garman and Klass also assumed that the process of price change follows a continuous diffusion process (Geometric Brownian motion). However, this assumption has several drawbacks. The method is not robust for opening jumps in price and trend movements.
Despite its drawbacks, the Garman-Klass estimator is still more effective than the basic formula since it takes into account not only the price at the beginning and end of the time interval but also intraday price extremes.
Researchers Rogers and Satchell have proposed a more efficient method for assessing historical volatility that takes into account price trends. See Rogers-Satchell Volatility for more detail.
Rogers-Satchell
Rogers-Satchell is an estimator for measuring the volatility of securities with an average return not equal to zero.
Unlike Parkinson and Garman-Klass estimators, Rogers-Satchell incorporates a drift term (mean return not equal to zero). As a result, it provides better volatility estimation when the underlying is trending.
The main disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into account price movements between trading sessions. This leads to an underestimation of volatility since price jumps periodically occur in the market precisely at the moments between sessions.
A more comprehensive estimator that also considers the gaps between sessions was developed based on the Rogers-Satchel formula in the 2000s by Yang-Zhang. See Yang Zhang Volatility for more detail.
Yang-Zhang
Yang Zhang is a historical volatility estimator that handles both opening jumps and the drift and has a minimum estimation error.
Yang-Zhang volatility can be thought of as a combination of the overnight (close-to-open volatility) and a weighted average of the Rogers-Satchell volatility and the day’s open-to-close volatility. It is considered to be 14 times more efficient than the close-to-close estimator.
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang (GKYZ) volatility estimator incorporates the returns of open, high, low, and closing prices in its calculation.
GKYZ volatility estimator takes into account overnight jumps but not the trend, i.e., it assumes that the underlying asset follows a Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process with zero drift. Therefore, the GKYZ volatility estimator tends to overestimate the volatility when the drift is different from zero. However, for a GBM process, this estimator is eight times more efficient than the close-to-close volatility estimator.
Exponential Weighted Moving Average
The Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) is a quantitative or statistical measure used to model or describe a time series. The EWMA is widely used in finance, with the main applications being technical analysis and volatility modeling.
The moving average is designed such that older observations are given lower weights. The weights decrease exponentially as the data point gets older – hence the name exponentially weighted.
The only decision a user of the EWMA must make is the parameter lambda. The parameter decides how important the current observation is in the calculation of the EWMA. The higher the value of lambda, the more closely the EWMA tracks the original time series.
Standard Deviation of Log Returns
This is the simplest calculation of volatility. It's the standard deviation of ln(close/close(1)).
Pseudo GARCH(2,2)
This is calculated using a short- and long-run mean of variance multiplied by ?.
?avg(var;M) + (1 ? ?) avg(var;N) = 2?var/(M+1-(M-1)L) + 2(1-?)var/(M+1-(M-1)L)
Solving for ? can be done by minimizing the mean squared error of estimation; that is, regressing L^-1var - avg(var; N) against avg(var; M) - avg(var; N) and using the resulting beta estimate as ?.
Average True Range
The average true range (ATR) is a technical analysis indicator, introduced by market technician J. Welles Wilder Jr. in his book New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems, that measures market volatility by decomposing the entire range of an asset price for that period.
The true range indicator is taken as the greatest of the following: current high less the current low; the absolute value of the current high less the previous close; and the absolute value of the current low less the previous close. The ATR is then a moving average, generally using 14 days, of the true ranges.
True Range Double
A special case of ATR that attempts to correct for volatility skew.
Standard Deviation
Standard deviation is a statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to its mean and is calculated as the square root of the variance. The standard deviation is calculated as the square root of variance by determining each data point's deviation relative to the mean. If the data points are further from the mean, there is a higher deviation within the data set; thus, the more spread out the data, the higher the standard deviation.
Adaptive Deviation
By definition, the Standard Deviation (STD, also represented by the Greek letter sigma ? or the Latin letter s) is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values. In technical analysis, we usually use it to measure the level of current volatility.
Standard Deviation is based on Simple Moving Average calculation for mean value. This version of standard deviation uses the properties of EMA to calculate what can be called a new type of deviation, and since it is based on EMA, we can call it EMA deviation. Additionally, Perry Kaufman's efficiency ratio is used to make it adaptive (since all EMA type calculations are nearly perfect for adapting).
The difference when compared to the standard is significant--not just because of EMA usage, but the efficiency ratio makes it a "bit more logical" in very volatile market conditions.
Median Absolute Deviation
The median absolute deviation is a measure of statistical dispersion. Moreover, the MAD is a robust statistic, being more resilient to outliers in a data set than the standard deviation. In the standard deviation, the distances from the mean are squared, so large deviations are weighted more heavily, and thus outliers can heavily influence it. In the MAD, the deviations of a small number of outliers are irrelevant.
Because the MAD is a more robust estimator of scale than the sample variance or standard deviation, it works better with distributions without a mean or variance, such as the Cauchy distribution.
Efficiency-Ratio Adaptive ATR
Average True Range (ATR) is a widely used indicator for many occasions in technical analysis. It is calculated as the RMA of the true range. This version adds a "twist": it uses Perry Kaufman's Efficiency Ratio to calculate adaptive true range.
Mean Absolute Deviation
The mean absolute deviation (MAD) is a measure of variability that indicates the average distance between observations and their mean. MAD uses the original units of the data, which simplifies interpretation. Larger values signify that the data points spread out further from the average. Conversely, lower values correspond to data points bunching closer to it. The mean absolute deviation is also known as the mean deviation and average absolute deviation.
This definition of the mean absolute deviation sounds similar to the standard deviation (SD). While both measure variability, they have different calculations. In recent years, some proponents of MAD have suggested that it replace the SD as the primary measure because it is a simpler concept that better fits real life.
Static Percent
Static Percent allows the user to insert their own constant percent that will then be used to create take profits and stoploss
█ Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System
Core components of an NNFX algorithmic trading strategy
The NNFX algorithm is built on the principles of trend, momentum, and volatility. There are six core components in the NNFX trading algorithm:
1. Volatility - price volatility; e.g., Average True Range, True Range Double, Close-to-Close, etc.
2. Baseline - a moving average to identify price trend
3. Confirmation 1 - a technical indicator used to identify trends
4. Confirmation 2 - a technical indicator used to identify trends
5. Continuation - a technical indicator used to identify trends
6. Volatility/Volume - a technical indicator used to identify volatility/volume breakouts/breakdown
7. Exit - a technical indicator used to determine when a trend is exhausted
What is Volatility in the NNFX trading system?
In the NNFX (No Nonsense Forex) trading system, ATR (Average True Range) is typically used to measure the volatility of an asset. It is used as a part of the system to help determine the appropriate stop loss and take profit levels for a trade. ATR is calculated by taking the average of the true range values over a specified period.
True range is calculated as the maximum of the following values:
-Current high minus the current low
-Absolute value of the current high minus the previous close
-Absolute value of the current low minus the previous close
ATR is a dynamic indicator that changes with changes in volatility. As volatility increases, the value of ATR increases, and as volatility decreases, the value of ATR decreases. By using ATR in NNFX system, traders can adjust their stop loss and take profit levels according to the volatility of the asset being traded. This helps to ensure that the trade is given enough room to move, while also minimizing potential losses.
Other types of volatility include True Range Double (TRD), Close-to-Close, and Garman-Klass
What is a Baseline indicator?
The baseline is essentially a moving average, and is used to determine the overall direction of the market.
The baseline in the NNFX system is used to filter out trades that are not in line with the long-term trend of the market. The baseline is plotted on the chart along with other indicators, such as the Moving Average (MA), the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and the Average True Range (ATR).
Trades are only taken when the price is in the same direction as the baseline. For example, if the baseline is sloping upwards, only long trades are taken, and if the baseline is sloping downwards, only short trades are taken. This approach helps to ensure that trades are in line with the overall trend of the market, and reduces the risk of entering trades that are likely to fail.
By using a baseline in the NNFX system, traders can have a clear reference point for determining the overall trend of the market, and can make more informed trading decisions. The baseline helps to filter out noise and false signals, and ensures that trades are taken in the direction of the long-term trend.
What is a Confirmation indicator?
Confirmation indicators are technical indicators that are used to confirm the signals generated by primary indicators. Primary indicators are the core indicators used in the NNFX system, such as the Average True Range (ATR), the Moving Average (MA), and the Relative Strength Index (RSI).
The purpose of the confirmation indicators is to reduce false signals and improve the accuracy of the trading system. They are designed to confirm the signals generated by the primary indicators by providing additional information about the strength and direction of the trend.
Some examples of confirmation indicators that may be used in the NNFX system include the Bollinger Bands, the MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence), and the MACD Oscillator. These indicators can provide information about the volatility, momentum, and trend strength of the market, and can be used to confirm the signals generated by the primary indicators.
In the NNFX system, confirmation indicators are used in combination with primary indicators and other filters to create a trading system that is robust and reliable. By using multiple indicators to confirm trading signals, the system aims to reduce the risk of false signals and improve the overall profitability of the trades.
What is a Continuation indicator?
In the NNFX (No Nonsense Forex) trading system, a continuation indicator is a technical indicator that is used to confirm a current trend and predict that the trend is likely to continue in the same direction. A continuation indicator is typically used in conjunction with other indicators in the system, such as a baseline indicator, to provide a comprehensive trading strategy.
What is a Volatility/Volume indicator?
Volume indicators, such as the On Balance Volume (OBV), the Chaikin Money Flow (CMF), or the Volume Price Trend (VPT), are used to measure the amount of buying and selling activity in a market. They are based on the trading volume of the market, and can provide information about the strength of the trend. In the NNFX system, volume indicators are used to confirm trading signals generated by the Moving Average and the Relative Strength Index. Volatility indicators include Average Direction Index, Waddah Attar, and Volatility Ratio. In the NNFX trading system, volatility is a proxy for volume and vice versa.
By using volume indicators as confirmation tools, the NNFX trading system aims to reduce the risk of false signals and improve the overall profitability of trades. These indicators can provide additional information about the market that is not captured by the primary indicators, and can help traders to make more informed trading decisions. In addition, volume indicators can be used to identify potential changes in market trends and to confirm the strength of price movements.
What is an Exit indicator?
The exit indicator is used in conjunction with other indicators in the system, such as the Moving Average (MA), the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and the Average True Range (ATR), to provide a comprehensive trading strategy.
The exit indicator in the NNFX system can be any technical indicator that is deemed effective at identifying optimal exit points. Examples of exit indicators that are commonly used include the Parabolic SAR, the Average Directional Index (ADX), and the Chandelier Exit.
The purpose of the exit indicator is to identify when a trend is likely to reverse or when the market conditions have changed, signaling the need to exit a trade. By using an exit indicator, traders can manage their risk and prevent significant losses.
In the NNFX system, the exit indicator is used in conjunction with a stop loss and a take profit order to maximize profits and minimize losses. The stop loss order is used to limit the amount of loss that can be incurred if the trade goes against the trader, while the take profit order is used to lock in profits when the trade is moving in the trader's favor.
Overall, the use of an exit indicator in the NNFX trading system is an important component of a comprehensive trading strategy. It allows traders to manage their risk effectively and improve the profitability of their trades by exiting at the right time.
How does Loxx's GKD (Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System) implement the NNFX algorithm outlined above?
Loxx's GKD v2.0 system has five types of modules (indicators/strategies). These modules are:
1. GKD-BT - Backtesting module (Volatility, Number 1 in the NNFX algorithm)
2. GKD-B - Baseline module (Baseline and Volatility/Volume, Numbers 1 and 2 in the NNFX algorithm)
3. GKD-C - Confirmation 1/2 and Continuation module (Confirmation 1/2 and Continuation, Numbers 3, 4, and 5 in the NNFX algorithm)
4. GKD-V - Volatility/Volume module (Confirmation 1/2, Number 6 in the NNFX algorithm)
5. GKD-E - Exit module (Exit, Number 7 in the NNFX algorithm)
(additional module types will added in future releases)
Each module interacts with every module by passing data to A backtest module wherein the various components of the GKD system are combined to create a trading signal.
That is, the Baseline indicator passes its data to Volatility/Volume. The Volatility/Volume indicator passes its values to the Confirmation 1 indicator. The Confirmation 1 indicator passes its values to the Confirmation 2 indicator. The Confirmation 2 indicator passes its values to the Continuation indicator. The Continuation indicator passes its values to the Exit indicator, and finally, the Exit indicator passes its values to the Backtest strategy.
This chaining of indicators requires that each module conform to Loxx's GKD protocol, therefore allowing for the testing of every possible combination of technical indicators that make up the six components of the NNFX algorithm.
What does the application of the GKD trading system look like?
Example trading system:
Backtest: Stacks Backtest
Baseline: Hull Moving Average
Volatility/Volume: Hurst Exponent
Confirmation 1: Vorext
Confirmation 2: Coppock Curve
Continuation: Fisher Transform
Exit: Rex Oscillator
Each GKD indicator is denoted with a module identifier of either: GKD-BT, GKD-B, GKD-C, GKD-V, or GKD-E. This allows traders to understand to which module each indicator belongs and where each indicator fits into the GKD system.
GKD-BT Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest [Loxx]Giga Kaleidoscope GKD-BT Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest is a Backtesting module included in Loxx's "Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System".
█ GKD-BT Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest
The Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest module enables users to backtest Full GKD Long and Short signals, allowing the creation of a comprehensive NNFX trading system consisting of two confirmation indicators, a baseline, a measure of volatility/volume, and continuations.
This module offers two types of backtests: Trading and Full. The Trading backtest allows users to evaluate individual Long and Short trades one by one. On the other hand, the Full backtest enables the analysis of Longs or Shorts separately by toggling between them in the settings, providing insights into the results for each signal type. The Trading backtest simulates actual trading conditions, while the Full backtest evaluates all signals regardless of their Long or Short nature.
Additionally, the backtest module allows testing with 1 to 3 take profits and 1 stop loss. The Trading backtest supports 1 to 3 take profits, while the Full backtest is limited to 1 take profit. The Trading backtest also includes a trailing take profit feature.
Regarding the percentage of trade removed at each take profit, the backtest module incorporates the following predefined values:
Take profit 1: 50% of the trade is removed.
Take profit 2: 25% of the trade is removed.
Take profit 3: 25% of the trade is removed.
Stop loss: 100% of the trade is removed.
After achieving each take profit, the stop loss level is adjusted accordingly. When take profit 1 is reached, the stop loss is moved to the entry point. Similarly, when take profit 2 is reached, the stop loss is shifted to take profit 1. The trailing take profit feature comes into effect after take profit 2 or take profit 3, depending on the number of take profits selected in the settings. The trailing take profit is always activated on the final take profit when 2 or more take profits are chosen.
The backtest module also provides the option to restrict testing to a specific date range, allowing for simulated forward testing using past data. Additionally, users can choose to display or hide a trading panel that provides relevant information about the backtest, statistics, and the current trade. It is also possible to activate alerts and toggle sections of the trading panel on or off. Historical take profit and stop loss levels are displayed as overlaid horizontal lines on the chart for reference.
To utilize this strategy, follow these steps:
1. GKD-B Baseline Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-B Baseline module into the GKD-BT Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest module setting named "Import GKD-B Baseline."
2. GKD-V Volatility/Volume Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-V Volatility/Volume module into the GKD-BT Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest module setting named "Import GKD-V Volatility/Volume."
3. Adjust the "Confirmation 1 Type" in the GKD-C Confirmation Indicator to "GKD New."
4. GKD-C Confirmation 1 Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-C Confirmation 1 module into the GKD-BT Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest module setting named "Import GKD-C Confirmation 1."
5. Adjust the "Confirmation 2 Type" in the GKD-C Confirmation 2 Indicator to "GKD New."
6. GKD-C Confirmation 2 Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-C Confirmation 2 module into the GKD-BT Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest module setting named "Import GKD-C Confirmation 2."
7. Adjust the "Confirmation Type" in the GKD-C Continuation Indicator to "GKD New."
8. GKD-C Continuation Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-C Continuation module into the GKD-BT Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest module setting named "Import GKD-C Confirmation."
The GKD system utilizes volatility-based take profits and stop losses, where each take profit and stop loss is calculated as a multiple of volatility. Users have the flexibility to adjust the multiplier values in the settings to suit their preferences.
In a future update, the Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest module will include the option to incorporate a GKD-E Exit indicator, completing the full trading strategy.
█ Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest Entries
Within this module, there are ten distinct types of entries available, which are outlined below:
Standard Entry
1-Candle Standard Entry
Baseline Entry
1-Candle Baseline Entry
Volatility/Volume Entry
1-Candle Volatility/Volume Entry
Confirmation 2 Entry
1-Candle Confirmation 2 Entry
PullBack Entry
Continuation Entry
Each of these entry types can generate either long or short signals, resulting in a total of 20 signal variations. The user has the flexibility to enable or disable specific entry types and choose which qualifying rules within each entry type are applied to price to determine the final long or short signal.
The following section provides an overview of the various entry types and their corresponding qualifying rules:
Standard Entry
1. GKD-C Confirmation gives signal
2. Baseline agrees
3. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5. Confirmation 2 agrees
6. Volatility/Volume agrees
1-Candle Standard Entry
1a. GKD-C Confirmation gives signal
2a. Baseline agrees
3a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
Next Candle
1b. Price retraced
2b. Baseline agrees
3b. Confirmation 1 agrees
4b. Confirmation 2 agrees
5b. Volatility/Volume agrees
Baseline Entry
1. GKD-B Basline gives signal
2. Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5. Confirmation 2 agrees
6. Volatility/Volume agrees
7. Confirmation 1 signal was less than 'Maximum Allowable PSBC Bars Back' prior
1-Candle Baseline Entry
1a. GKD-B Baseline gives signal
2a. Confirmation 1 agrees
3a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5a. Confirmation 1 signal was less than 'Maximum Allowable PSBC Bars Back' prior
Next Candle
1b. Price retraced
2b. Baseline agrees
3b. Confirmation 1 agrees
4b. Confirmation 2 agrees
5b. Volatility/Volume agrees
Volatility/Volume Entry
1. GKD-V Volatility/Volume gives signal
2. Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5. Confirmation 2 agrees
6. Baseline agrees
7. Confirmation 1 signal was less than 7 candles prior
1-Candle Volatility/Volume Entry
1a. GKD-V Volatility/Volume gives signal
2a. Confirmation 1 agrees
3a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5a. Confirmation 1 signal was less than 'Maximum Allowable PSVVC Bars Back' prior
Next Candle
1b. Price retraced
2b. Volatility/Volume agrees
3b. Confirmation 1 agrees
4b. Confirmation 2 agrees
5b. Baseline agrees
Confirmation 2 Entry
1. GKD-C Confirmation 2 gives signal
2. Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5. Volatility/Volume agrees
6. Baseline agrees
7. Confirmation 1 signal was less than 7 candles prior
1-Candle Confirmation 2 Entry
1a. GKD-C Confirmation 2 gives signal
2a. Confirmation 1 agrees
3a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5a. Confirmation 1 signal was less than 'Maximum Allowable PSC2C Bars Back' prior
Next Candle
1b. Price retraced
2b. Confirmation 2 agrees
3b. Confirmation 1 agrees
4b. Volatility/Volume agrees
5b. Baseline agrees
PullBack Entry
1a. GKD-B Baseline gives signal
2a. Confirmation 1 agrees
3a. Price is beyond 1.0x Volatility of Baseline
Next Candle
1b. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
2b. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
3b. Confirmation 1 agrees
4b. Confirmation 2 agrees
5b. Volatility/Volume agrees
Continuation Entry
1. Standard Entry, 1-Candle Standard Entry, Baseline Entry, 1-Candle Baseline Entry, Volatility/Volume Entry, 1-Candle Volatility/Volume Entry, Confirmation 2 Entry, 1-Candle Confirmation 2 Entry, or Pullback entry triggered previously
2. Baseline hasn't crossed since entry signal trigger
4. Confirmation 1 agrees
5. Baseline agrees
6. Confirmation 2 agrees
█ Volatility Types Included
This module includes 17 types of volatility:
Close-to-Close
Parkinson
Garman-Klass
Rogers-Satchell
Yang-Zhang
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang
Exponential Weighted Moving Average
Standard Deviation of Log Returns
Pseudo GARCH(2,2)
Average True Range
True Range Double
Standard Deviation
Adaptive Deviation
Median Absolute Deviation
Efficiency-Ratio Adaptive ATR
Mean Absolute Deviation
Static Percent
Close-to-Close
Close-to-Close volatility is a classic and widely used volatility measure, sometimes referred to as historical volatility.
Volatility is an indicator of the speed of a stock price change. A stock with high volatility is one where the price changes rapidly and with a larger amplitude. The more volatile a stock is, the riskier it is.
Close-to-close historical volatility is calculated using only a stock's closing prices. It is the simplest volatility estimator. However, in many cases, it is not precise enough. Stock prices could jump significantly during a trading session and return to the opening value at the end. That means that a considerable amount of price information is not taken into account by close-to-close volatility.
Despite its drawbacks, Close-to-Close volatility is still useful in cases where the instrument doesn't have intraday prices. For example, mutual funds calculate their net asset values daily or weekly, and thus their prices are not suitable for more sophisticated volatility estimators.
Parkinson
Parkinson volatility is a volatility measure that uses the stock’s high and low price of the day.
The main difference between regular volatility and Parkinson volatility is that the latter uses high and low prices for a day, rather than only the closing price. This is useful as close-to-close prices could show little difference while large price movements could have occurred during the day. Thus, Parkinson's volatility is considered more precise and requires less data for calculation than close-to-close volatility.
One drawback of this estimator is that it doesn't take into account price movements after the market closes. Hence, it systematically undervalues volatility. This drawback is addressed in the Garman-Klass volatility estimator.
Garman-Klass
Garman-Klass is a volatility estimator that incorporates open, low, high, and close prices of a security.
Garman-Klass volatility extends Parkinson's volatility by taking into account the opening and closing prices. As markets are most active during the opening and closing of a trading session, it makes volatility estimation more accurate.
Garman and Klass also assumed that the process of price change follows a continuous diffusion process (Geometric Brownian motion). However, this assumption has several drawbacks. The method is not robust for opening jumps in price and trend movements.
Despite its drawbacks, the Garman-Klass estimator is still more effective than the basic formula since it takes into account not only the price at the beginning and end of the time interval but also intraday price extremes.
Researchers Rogers and Satchell have proposed a more efficient method for assessing historical volatility that takes into account price trends. See Rogers-Satchell Volatility for more detail.
Rogers-Satchell
Rogers-Satchell is an estimator for measuring the volatility of securities with an average return not equal to zero.
Unlike Parkinson and Garman-Klass estimators, Rogers-Satchell incorporates a drift term (mean return not equal to zero). As a result, it provides better volatility estimation when the underlying is trending.
The main disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into account price movements between trading sessions. This leads to an underestimation of volatility since price jumps periodically occur in the market precisely at the moments between sessions.
A more comprehensive estimator that also considers the gaps between sessions was developed based on the Rogers-Satchel formula in the 2000s by Yang-Zhang. See Yang Zhang Volatility for more detail.
Yang-Zhang
Yang Zhang is a historical volatility estimator that handles both opening jumps and the drift and has a minimum estimation error.
Yang-Zhang volatility can be thought of as a combination of the overnight (close-to-open volatility) and a weighted average of the Rogers-Satchell volatility and the day’s open-to-close volatility. It is considered to be 14 times more efficient than the close-to-close estimator.
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang (GKYZ) volatility estimator incorporates the returns of open, high, low, and closing prices in its calculation.
GKYZ volatility estimator takes into account overnight jumps but not the trend, i.e., it assumes that the underlying asset follows a Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process with zero drift. Therefore, the GKYZ volatility estimator tends to overestimate the volatility when the drift is different from zero. However, for a GBM process, this estimator is eight times more efficient than the close-to-close volatility estimator.
Exponential Weighted Moving Average
The Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) is a quantitative or statistical measure used to model or describe a time series. The EWMA is widely used in finance, with the main applications being technical analysis and volatility modeling.
The moving average is designed such that older observations are given lower weights. The weights decrease exponentially as the data point gets older – hence the name exponentially weighted.
The only decision a user of the EWMA must make is the parameter lambda. The parameter decides how important the current observation is in the calculation of the EWMA. The higher the value of lambda, the more closely the EWMA tracks the original time series.
Standard Deviation of Log Returns
This is the simplest calculation of volatility. It's the standard deviation of ln(close/close(1)).
Pseudo GARCH(2,2)
This is calculated using a short- and long-run mean of variance multiplied by ?.
?avg(var;M) + (1 ? ?) avg(var;N) = 2?var/(M+1-(M-1)L) + 2(1-?)var/(M+1-(M-1)L)
Solving for ? can be done by minimizing the mean squared error of estimation; that is, regressing L^-1var - avg(var; N) against avg(var; M) - avg(var; N) and using the resulting beta estimate as ?.
Average True Range
The average true range (ATR) is a technical analysis indicator, introduced by market technician J. Welles Wilder Jr. in his book New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems, that measures market volatility by decomposing the entire range of an asset price for that period.
The true range indicator is taken as the greatest of the following: current high less the current low; the absolute value of the current high less the previous close; and the absolute value of the current low less the previous close. The ATR is then a moving average, generally using 14 days, of the true ranges.
True Range Double
A special case of ATR that attempts to correct for volatility skew.
Standard Deviation
Standard deviation is a statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to its mean and is calculated as the square root of the variance. The standard deviation is calculated as the square root of variance by determining each data point's deviation relative to the mean. If the data points are further from the mean, there is a higher deviation within the data set; thus, the more spread out the data, the higher the standard deviation.
Adaptive Deviation
By definition, the Standard Deviation (STD, also represented by the Greek letter sigma ? or the Latin letter s) is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values. In technical analysis, we usually use it to measure the level of current volatility.
Standard Deviation is based on Simple Moving Average calculation for mean value. This version of standard deviation uses the properties of EMA to calculate what can be called a new type of deviation, and since it is based on EMA, we can call it EMA deviation. Additionally, Perry Kaufman's efficiency ratio is used to make it adaptive (since all EMA type calculations are nearly perfect for adapting).
The difference when compared to the standard is significant--not just because of EMA usage, but the efficiency ratio makes it a "bit more logical" in very volatile market conditions.
Median Absolute Deviation
The median absolute deviation is a measure of statistical dispersion. Moreover, the MAD is a robust statistic, being more resilient to outliers in a data set than the standard deviation. In the standard deviation, the distances from the mean are squared, so large deviations are weighted more heavily, and thus outliers can heavily influence it. In the MAD, the deviations of a small number of outliers are irrelevant.
Because the MAD is a more robust estimator of scale than the sample variance or standard deviation, it works better with distributions without a mean or variance, such as the Cauchy distribution.
Efficiency-Ratio Adaptive ATR
Average True Range (ATR) is a widely used indicator for many occasions in technical analysis. It is calculated as the RMA of the true range. This version adds a "twist": it uses Perry Kaufman's Efficiency Ratio to calculate adaptive true range.
Mean Absolute Deviation
The mean absolute deviation (MAD) is a measure of variability that indicates the average distance between observations and their mean. MAD uses the original units of the data, which simplifies interpretation. Larger values signify that the data points spread out further from the average. Conversely, lower values correspond to data points bunching closer to it. The mean absolute deviation is also known as the mean deviation and average absolute deviation.
This definition of the mean absolute deviation sounds similar to the standard deviation (SD). While both measure variability, they have different calculations. In recent years, some proponents of MAD have suggested that it replace the SD as the primary measure because it is a simpler concept that better fits real life.
Static Percent
Static Percent allows the user to insert their own constant percent that will then be used to create take profits and stoploss
█ Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System
Core components of an NNFX algorithmic trading strategy
The NNFX algorithm is built on the principles of trend, momentum, and volatility. There are six core components in the NNFX trading algorithm:
1. Volatility - price volatility; e.g., Average True Range, True Range Double, Close-to-Close, etc.
2. Baseline - a moving average to identify price trend
3. Confirmation 1 - a technical indicator used to identify trends
4. Confirmation 2 - a technical indicator used to identify trends
5. Continuation - a technical indicator used to identify trends
6. Volatility/Volume - a technical indicator used to identify volatility/volume breakouts/breakdown
7. Exit - a technical indicator used to determine when a trend is exhausted
What is Volatility in the NNFX trading system?
In the NNFX (No Nonsense Forex) trading system, ATR (Average True Range) is typically used to measure the volatility of an asset. It is used as a part of the system to help determine the appropriate stop loss and take profit levels for a trade. ATR is calculated by taking the average of the true range values over a specified period.
True range is calculated as the maximum of the following values:
-Current high minus the current low
-Absolute value of the current high minus the previous close
-Absolute value of the current low minus the previous close
ATR is a dynamic indicator that changes with changes in volatility. As volatility increases, the value of ATR increases, and as volatility decreases, the value of ATR decreases. By using ATR in NNFX system, traders can adjust their stop loss and take profit levels according to the volatility of the asset being traded. This helps to ensure that the trade is given enough room to move, while also minimizing potential losses.
Other types of volatility include True Range Double (TRD), Close-to-Close, and Garman-Klass
What is a Baseline indicator?
The baseline is essentially a moving average, and is used to determine the overall direction of the market.
The baseline in the NNFX system is used to filter out trades that are not in line with the long-term trend of the market. The baseline is plotted on the chart along with other indicators, such as the Moving Average (MA), the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and the Average True Range (ATR).
Trades are only taken when the price is in the same direction as the baseline. For example, if the baseline is sloping upwards, only long trades are taken, and if the baseline is sloping downwards, only short trades are taken. This approach helps to ensure that trades are in line with the overall trend of the market, and reduces the risk of entering trades that are likely to fail.
By using a baseline in the NNFX system, traders can have a clear reference point for determining the overall trend of the market, and can make more informed trading decisions. The baseline helps to filter out noise and false signals, and ensures that trades are taken in the direction of the long-term trend.
What is a Confirmation indicator?
Confirmation indicators are technical indicators that are used to confirm the signals generated by primary indicators. Primary indicators are the core indicators used in the NNFX system, such as the Average True Range (ATR), the Moving Average (MA), and the Relative Strength Index (RSI).
The purpose of the confirmation indicators is to reduce false signals and improve the accuracy of the trading system. They are designed to confirm the signals generated by the primary indicators by providing additional information about the strength and direction of the trend.
Some examples of confirmation indicators that may be used in the NNFX system include the Bollinger Bands, the MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence), and the MACD Oscillator. These indicators can provide information about the volatility, momentum, and trend strength of the market, and can be used to confirm the signals generated by the primary indicators.
In the NNFX system, confirmation indicators are used in combination with primary indicators and other filters to create a trading system that is robust and reliable. By using multiple indicators to confirm trading signals, the system aims to reduce the risk of false signals and improve the overall profitability of the trades.
What is a Continuation indicator?
In the NNFX (No Nonsense Forex) trading system, a continuation indicator is a technical indicator that is used to confirm a current trend and predict that the trend is likely to continue in the same direction. A continuation indicator is typically used in conjunction with other indicators in the system, such as a baseline indicator, to provide a comprehensive trading strategy.
What is a Volatility/Volume indicator?
Volume indicators, such as the On Balance Volume (OBV), the Chaikin Money Flow (CMF), or the Volume Price Trend (VPT), are used to measure the amount of buying and selling activity in a market. They are based on the trading volume of the market, and can provide information about the strength of the trend. In the NNFX system, volume indicators are used to confirm trading signals generated by the Moving Average and the Relative Strength Index. Volatility indicators include Average Direction Index, Waddah Attar, and Volatility Ratio. In the NNFX trading system, volatility is a proxy for volume and vice versa.
By using volume indicators as confirmation tools, the NNFX trading system aims to reduce the risk of false signals and improve the overall profitability of trades. These indicators can provide additional information about the market that is not captured by the primary indicators, and can help traders to make more informed trading decisions. In addition, volume indicators can be used to identify potential changes in market trends and to confirm the strength of price movements.
What is an Exit indicator?
The exit indicator is used in conjunction with other indicators in the system, such as the Moving Average (MA), the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and the Average True Range (ATR), to provide a comprehensive trading strategy.
The exit indicator in the NNFX system can be any technical indicator that is deemed effective at identifying optimal exit points. Examples of exit indicators that are commonly used include the Parabolic SAR, the Average Directional Index (ADX), and the Chandelier Exit.
The purpose of the exit indicator is to identify when a trend is likely to reverse or when the market conditions have changed, signaling the need to exit a trade. By using an exit indicator, traders can manage their risk and prevent significant losses.
In the NNFX system, the exit indicator is used in conjunction with a stop loss and a take profit order to maximize profits and minimize losses. The stop loss order is used to limit the amount of loss that can be incurred if the trade goes against the trader, while the take profit order is used to lock in profits when the trade is moving in the trader's favor.
Overall, the use of an exit indicator in the NNFX trading system is an important component of a comprehensive trading strategy. It allows traders to manage their risk effectively and improve the profitability of their trades by exiting at the right time.
How does Loxx's GKD (Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System) implement the NNFX algorithm outlined above?
Loxx's GKD v2.0 system has five types of modules (indicators/strategies). These modules are:
1. GKD-BT - Backtesting module (Volatility, Number 1 in the NNFX algorithm)
2. GKD-B - Baseline module (Baseline and Volatility/Volume, Numbers 1 and 2 in the NNFX algorithm)
3. GKD-C - Confirmation 1/2 and Continuation module (Confirmation 1/2 and Continuation, Numbers 3, 4, and 5 in the NNFX algorithm)
4. GKD-V - Volatility/Volume module (Confirmation 1/2, Number 6 in the NNFX algorithm)
5. GKD-E - Exit module (Exit, Number 7 in the NNFX algorithm)
(additional module types will added in future releases)
Each module interacts with every module by passing data to A backtest module wherein the various components of the GKD system are combined to create a trading signal.
That is, the Baseline indicator passes its data to Volatility/Volume. The Volatility/Volume indicator passes its values to the Confirmation 1 indicator. The Confirmation 1 indicator passes its values to the Confirmation 2 indicator. The Confirmation 2 indicator passes its values to the Continuation indicator. The Continuation indicator passes its values to the Exit indicator, and finally, the Exit indicator passes its values to the Backtest strategy.
This chaining of indicators requires that each module conform to Loxx's GKD protocol, therefore allowing for the testing of every possible combination of technical indicators that make up the six components of the NNFX algorithm.
What does the application of the GKD trading system look like?
Example trading system:
Backtest: Full Giga Kaleidoscope Backtest as shown on the chart above
Baseline: Hull Moving Average as shown on the chart above
Volatility/Volume: Hurst Exponent as shown on the chart above
Confirmation 1: Vorext as shown on the chart above
Confirmation 2: Coppock Curve as shown on the chart above
Continuation: Fisher Transform as shown on the chart above
Exit: Rex Oscillator
Each GKD indicator is denoted with a module identifier of either: GKD-BT, GKD-B, GKD-C, GKD-V, or GKD-E. This allows traders to understand to which module each indicator belongs and where each indicator fits into the GKD system.
GKD-BT Solo Confirmation Super Complex Backtest [Loxx]Giga Kaleidoscope GKD-BT Solo Confirmation Super Complex Backtest is a Backtesting module included in Loxx's "Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System".
█ GKD-BT Solo Confirmation Super Complex Backtest
The Solo Confirmation Super Complex Backtest module allows users to perform backtesting on Full GKD Long and Short signals using GKD-C confirmation indicators. These signals are further refined by GKD-B Baseline and GKD-V Volatility/Volume indicators and augmented by an additional GKD-C Confirmation indicator acting as a Continuation indicator. This module serves as a comprehensive tool that falls just below a Full GKD trading system. The key difference is that the GKD-BT Solo Confirmation Super Complex utilizes a single GKD-C Confirmation indicator, while the Full GKD system employs two GKD-C Confirmation indicators. Both the Solo Confirmation Super Complex and the Full GKD systems incorporate an extra GKD-C Confirmation indicator to identify Continuation signals, which provide both longs and shorts on developing trends following an initial trend change.
This module encompasses two types of backtests: Trading and Full. The Trading backtest permits users to evaluate individual trades, whether Long or Short, one at a time. Conversely, the Full backtest allows users to analyze either Longs or Shorts separately by toggling between them in the settings, enabling the examination of results for each signal type. The Trading backtest emulates actual trading conditions, while the Full backtest assesses all signals, regardless of being Long or Short.
Additionally, this backtest module provides the option to test the core GKD-C Confirmation and GKD-C Continuation indicators with 1 to 3 take profits and 1 stop loss. The Trading backtest allows for the use of 1 to 3 take profits, while the Full backtest is limited to 1 take profit. The Trading backtest also offers the capability to apply a trailing take profit.
In terms of the percentage of trade removed at each take profit, this backtest module has the following hardcoded values:
Take profit 1: 50% of the trade is removed.
Take profit 2: 25% of the trade is removed.
Take profit 3: 25% of the trade is removed.
Stop loss: 100% of the trade is removed.
After each take profit is achieved, the stop loss level is adjusted. When take profit 1 is reached, the stop loss is moved to the entry point. Similarly, when take profit 2 is reached, the stop loss is shifted to take profit 1. The trailing take profit feature comes into play after take profit 2 or take profit 3, depending on the number of take profits selected in the settings. The trailing take profit is always activated on the final take profit when 2 or more take profits are chosen.
The backtest module also offers the capability to restrict by a specific date range, allowing for simulated forward testing based on past data. Additionally, users have the option to display or hide a trading panel that provides relevant information about the backtest, statistics, and the current trade. It is also possible to activate alerts and toggle sections of the trading panel on or off. On the chart, historical take profit and stop loss levels are represented by horizontal lines overlaid for reference.
To utilize this strategy, follow these steps:
1. GKD-B Baseline Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-B Baseline module into the GKD-BT Solo Confirmation Super Complex Backtest module setting named "Import GKD-B Baseline."
2. GKD-V Volatility/Volume Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-V Volatility/Volume module into the GKD-BT Solo Confirmation Super Complex Backtest module setting named "Import GKD-V Volatility/Volume."
3. Adjust the "Confirmation Type" in the GKD-C Confirmation Indicator to "GKD New."
4. GKD-C Confirmation Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-C Confirmation module into the GKD-BT Solo Confirmation Super Complex Backtest module setting named "Import GKD-C Confirmation."
5. Adjust the "Confirmation Type" in the GKD-C Continuation Indicator to "GKD New."
6. GKD-C Continuation Import: Import the value "Input into NEW GKD-BT Backtest" from the GKD-C Continuation module into the GKD-BT Solo Confirmation Super Complex Backtest module setting named "Import GKD-C Continuation."
The GKD system utilizes volatility-based take profits and stop losses. Each take profit and stop loss is calculated as a multiple of volatility. Users can also adjust the multiplier values in the settings.
In a future update, the option to include a GKD-E Exit indicator will be added to this module to complete a full trading strategy.
█ Solo Confirmation Super Complex Backtest Entries
Within this module, there are eight distinct types of entries available, which are outlined below:
Standard Entry
1-Candle Standard Entry
Baseline Entry
1-Candle Baseline Entry
Volatility/Volume Entry
1-Candle Volatility/Volume Entry
PullBack Entry
Continuation Entry
Each of these entry types can generate either long or short signals, resulting in a total of 16 signal variations. The user has the flexibility to enable or disable specific entry types and choose which qualifying rules within each entry type are applied to price to determine the final long or short signal. You'll notice that these signals are different form the core GKD signals mentioned towards the end of this description. Signals from the GKD-BT Solo Confirmation Super Complex Backtest are modifided to add additional qualifications to make your finalized trading strategy more dynamic and robust.
The following section provides an overview of the various entry types and their corresponding qualifying rules:
Standard Entry
1. GKD-C Confirmation gives signal
2. Baseline agrees
3. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5. Volatility/Volume agrees
1-Candle Standard Entry
1a. GKD-C Confirmation gives signal
2a. Baseline agrees
3a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
Next Candle:
1b. Price retraced
2b. Baseline agrees
3b. Confirmation 1 agrees
4b. Volatility/Volume agrees
Baseline Entry
1. GKD-B Basline gives signal
2. Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5. Volatility/Volume agrees
6. Confirmation 1 signal was less than 'Maximum Allowable PSBC Bars Back' prior
1-Candle Baseline Entry
1a. GKD-B Basline gives signal
2a. Confirmation 1 agrees
3a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5a. Confirmation 1 signal was less than 'Maximum Allowable PSBC Bars Back' prior
Next Candle:
1b. Price retraced
2b. Baseline agrees
3b. Confirmation 1 agrees
4b. Volatility/Volume agrees
Volatility/Volume Entry
1. GKD-V Volatility/Volume gives signal
2. Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5. Baseline agrees
6. Confirmation 1 signal was less than 7 candles prior
1-Candle Volatility/Volume Entry
1a. GKD-V Volatility/Volume gives signal
2a. Confirmation 1 agrees
3a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
4a. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
5a. Confirmation 1 signal was less than 'Maximum Allowable PSVVC Bars Back' prior
Next Candle:
1b. Price retraced
2b. Volatility/Volume agrees
3b. Confirmation 1 agrees
4b. Baseline agrees
PullBack Entry
1a. GKD-B Baseline gives signal
2a. Confirmation 1 agrees
3a. Price is beyond 1.0x Volatility of Baseline
Next Candle:
1b. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Minimum
2b. Price inside Goldie Locks Zone Maximum
3b. Confirmation 1 agrees
4b. Volatility/Volume agrees
Continuation Entry
1. Standard Entry, 1-Candle Standard Entry, Baseline Entry, 1-Candle Baseline Entry, Volatility/Volume Entry, 1-Candle Volatility/Volume Entry, or Pullback entry triggered previously
2. Baseline hasn't crossed since entry signal trigger
4. Confirmation 1 agrees
5. Baseline agrees
█ Volatility Types Included
This module includes 17 types of volatility:
Close-to-Close
Parkinson
Garman-Klass
Rogers-Satchell
Yang-Zhang
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang
Exponential Weighted Moving Average
Standard Deviation of Log Returns
Pseudo GARCH(2,2)
Average True Range
True Range Double
Standard Deviation
Adaptive Deviation
Median Absolute Deviation
Efficiency-Ratio Adaptive ATR
Mean Absolute Deviation
Static Percent
Close-to-Close
Close-to-Close volatility is a classic and widely used volatility measure, sometimes referred to as historical volatility.
Volatility is an indicator of the speed of a stock price change. A stock with high volatility is one where the price changes rapidly and with a larger amplitude. The more volatile a stock is, the riskier it is.
Close-to-close historical volatility is calculated using only a stock's closing prices. It is the simplest volatility estimator. However, in many cases, it is not precise enough. Stock prices could jump significantly during a trading session and return to the opening value at the end. That means that a considerable amount of price information is not taken into account by close-to-close volatility.
Despite its drawbacks, Close-to-Close volatility is still useful in cases where the instrument doesn't have intraday prices. For example, mutual funds calculate their net asset values daily or weekly, and thus their prices are not suitable for more sophisticated volatility estimators.
Parkinson
Parkinson volatility is a volatility measure that uses the stock’s high and low price of the day.
The main difference between regular volatility and Parkinson volatility is that the latter uses high and low prices for a day, rather than only the closing price. This is useful as close-to-close prices could show little difference while large price movements could have occurred during the day. Thus, Parkinson's volatility is considered more precise and requires less data for calculation than close-to-close volatility.
One drawback of this estimator is that it doesn't take into account price movements after the market closes. Hence, it systematically undervalues volatility. This drawback is addressed in the Garman-Klass volatility estimator.
Garman-Klass
Garman-Klass is a volatility estimator that incorporates open, low, high, and close prices of a security.
Garman-Klass volatility extends Parkinson's volatility by taking into account the opening and closing prices. As markets are most active during the opening and closing of a trading session, it makes volatility estimation more accurate.
Garman and Klass also assumed that the process of price change follows a continuous diffusion process (Geometric Brownian motion). However, this assumption has several drawbacks. The method is not robust for opening jumps in price and trend movements.
Despite its drawbacks, the Garman-Klass estimator is still more effective than the basic formula since it takes into account not only the price at the beginning and end of the time interval but also intraday price extremes.
Researchers Rogers and Satchell have proposed a more efficient method for assessing historical volatility that takes into account price trends. See Rogers-Satchell Volatility for more detail.
Rogers-Satchell
Rogers-Satchell is an estimator for measuring the volatility of securities with an average return not equal to zero.
Unlike Parkinson and Garman-Klass estimators, Rogers-Satchell incorporates a drift term (mean return not equal to zero). As a result, it provides better volatility estimation when the underlying is trending.
The main disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into account price movements between trading sessions. This leads to an underestimation of volatility since price jumps periodically occur in the market precisely at the moments between sessions.
A more comprehensive estimator that also considers the gaps between sessions was developed based on the Rogers-Satchel formula in the 2000s by Yang-Zhang. See Yang Zhang Volatility for more detail.
Yang-Zhang
Yang Zhang is a historical volatility estimator that handles both opening jumps and the drift and has a minimum estimation error.
Yang-Zhang volatility can be thought of as a combination of the overnight (close-to-open volatility) and a weighted average of the Rogers-Satchell volatility and the day’s open-to-close volatility. It is considered to be 14 times more efficient than the close-to-close estimator.
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang
Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang (GKYZ) volatility estimator incorporates the returns of open, high, low, and closing prices in its calculation.
GKYZ volatility estimator takes into account overnight jumps but not the trend, i.e., it assumes that the underlying asset follows a Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process with zero drift. Therefore, the GKYZ volatility estimator tends to overestimate the volatility when the drift is different from zero. However, for a GBM process, this estimator is eight times more efficient than the close-to-close volatility estimator.
Exponential Weighted Moving Average
The Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) is a quantitative or statistical measure used to model or describe a time series. The EWMA is widely used in finance, with the main applications being technical analysis and volatility modeling.
The moving average is designed such that older observations are given lower weights. The weights decrease exponentially as the data point gets older – hence the name exponentially weighted.
The only decision a user of the EWMA must make is the parameter lambda. The parameter decides how important the current observation is in the calculation of the EWMA. The higher the value of lambda, the more closely the EWMA tracks the original time series.
Standard Deviation of Log Returns
This is the simplest calculation of volatility. It's the standard deviation of ln(close/close(1)).
Pseudo GARCH(2,2)
This is calculated using a short- and long-run mean of variance multiplied by ?.
?avg(var;M) + (1 ? ?) avg(var;N) = 2?var/(M+1-(M-1)L) + 2(1-?)var/(M+1-(M-1)L)
Solving for ? can be done by minimizing the mean squared error of estimation; that is, regressing L^-1var - avg(var; N) against avg(var; M) - avg(var; N) and using the resulting beta estimate as ?.
Average True Range
The average true range (ATR) is a technical analysis indicator, introduced by market technician J. Welles Wilder Jr. in his book New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems, that measures market volatility by decomposing the entire range of an asset price for that period.
The true range indicator is taken as the greatest of the following: current high less the current low; the absolute value of the current high less the previous close; and the absolute value of the current low less the previous close. The ATR is then a moving average, generally using 14 days, of the true ranges.
True Range Double
A special case of ATR that attempts to correct for volatility skew.
Standard Deviation
Standard deviation is a statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to its mean and is calculated as the square root of the variance. The standard deviation is calculated as the square root of variance by determining each data point's deviation relative to the mean. If the data points are further from the mean, there is a higher deviation within the data set; thus, the more spread out the data, the higher the standard deviation.
Adaptive Deviation
By definition, the Standard Deviation (STD, also represented by the Greek letter sigma ? or the Latin letter s) is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values. In technical analysis, we usually use it to measure the level of current volatility.
Standard Deviation is based on Simple Moving Average calculation for mean value. This version of standard deviation uses the properties of EMA to calculate what can be called a new type of deviation, and since it is based on EMA, we can call it EMA deviation. Additionally, Perry Kaufman's efficiency ratio is used to make it adaptive (since all EMA type calculations are nearly perfect for adapting).
The difference when compared to the standard is significant--not just because of EMA usage, but the efficiency ratio makes it a "bit more logical" in very volatile market conditions.
Median Absolute Deviation
The median absolute deviation is a measure of statistical dispersion. Moreover, the MAD is a robust statistic, being more resilient to outliers in a data set than the standard deviation. In the standard deviation, the distances from the mean are squared, so large deviations are weighted more heavily, and thus outliers can heavily influence it. In the MAD, the deviations of a small number of outliers are irrelevant.
Because the MAD is a more robust estimator of scale than the sample variance or standard deviation, it works better with distributions without a mean or variance, such as the Cauchy distribution.
Efficiency-Ratio Adaptive ATR
Average True Range (ATR) is a widely used indicator for many occasions in technical analysis. It is calculated as the RMA of the true range. This version adds a "twist": it uses Perry Kaufman's Efficiency Ratio to calculate adaptive true range.
Mean Absolute Deviation
The mean absolute deviation (MAD) is a measure of variability that indicates the average distance between observations and their mean. MAD uses the original units of the data, which simplifies interpretation. Larger values signify that the data points spread out further from the average. Conversely, lower values correspond to data points bunching closer to it. The mean absolute deviation is also known as the mean deviation and average absolute deviation.
This definition of the mean absolute deviation sounds similar to the standard deviation (SD). While both measure variability, they have different calculations. In recent years, some proponents of MAD have suggested that it replace the SD as the primary measure because it is a simpler concept that better fits real life.
Static Percent
Static Percent allows the user to insert their own constant percent that will then be used to create take profits and stoploss
█ Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System
Core components of an NNFX algorithmic trading strategy
The NNFX algorithm is built on the principles of trend, momentum, and volatility. There are six core components in the NNFX trading algorithm:
1. Volatility - price volatility; e.g., Average True Range, True Range Double, Close-to-Close, etc.
2. Baseline - a moving average to identify price trend
3. Confirmation 1 - a technical indicator used to identify trends
4. Confirmation 2 - a technical indicator used to identify trends
5. Continuation - a technical indicator used to identify trends
6. Volatility/Volume - a technical indicator used to identify volatility/volume breakouts/breakdown
7. Exit - a technical indicator used to determine when a trend is exhausted
What is Volatility in the NNFX trading system?
In the NNFX (No Nonsense Forex) trading system, ATR (Average True Range) is typically used to measure the volatility of an asset. It is used as a part of the system to help determine the appropriate stop loss and take profit levels for a trade. ATR is calculated by taking the average of the true range values over a specified period.
True range is calculated as the maximum of the following values:
-Current high minus the current low
-Absolute value of the current high minus the previous close
-Absolute value of the current low minus the previous close
ATR is a dynamic indicator that changes with changes in volatility. As volatility increases, the value of ATR increases, and as volatility decreases, the value of ATR decreases. By using ATR in NNFX system, traders can adjust their stop loss and take profit levels according to the volatility of the asset being traded. This helps to ensure that the trade is given enough room to move, while also minimizing potential losses.
Other types of volatility include True Range Double (TRD), Close-to-Close, and Garman-Klass
What is a Baseline indicator?
The baseline is essentially a moving average, and is used to determine the overall direction of the market.
The baseline in the NNFX system is used to filter out trades that are not in line with the long-term trend of the market. The baseline is plotted on the chart along with other indicators, such as the Moving Average (MA), the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and the Average True Range (ATR).
Trades are only taken when the price is in the same direction as the baseline. For example, if the baseline is sloping upwards, only long trades are taken, and if the baseline is sloping downwards, only short trades are taken. This approach helps to ensure that trades are in line with the overall trend of the market, and reduces the risk of entering trades that are likely to fail.
By using a baseline in the NNFX system, traders can have a clear reference point for determining the overall trend of the market, and can make more informed trading decisions. The baseline helps to filter out noise and false signals, and ensures that trades are taken in the direction of the long-term trend.
What is a Confirmation indicator?
Confirmation indicators are technical indicators that are used to confirm the signals generated by primary indicators. Primary indicators are the core indicators used in the NNFX system, such as the Average True Range (ATR), the Moving Average (MA), and the Relative Strength Index (RSI).
The purpose of the confirmation indicators is to reduce false signals and improve the accuracy of the trading system. They are designed to confirm the signals generated by the primary indicators by providing additional information about the strength and direction of the trend.
Some examples of confirmation indicators that may be used in the NNFX system include the Bollinger Bands, the MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence), and the MACD Oscillator. These indicators can provide information about the volatility, momentum, and trend strength of the market, and can be used to confirm the signals generated by the primary indicators.
In the NNFX system, confirmation indicators are used in combination with primary indicators and other filters to create a trading system that is robust and reliable. By using multiple indicators to confirm trading signals, the system aims to reduce the risk of false signals and improve the overall profitability of the trades.
What is a Continuation indicator?
In the NNFX (No Nonsense Forex) trading system, a continuation indicator is a technical indicator that is used to confirm a current trend and predict that the trend is likely to continue in the same direction. A continuation indicator is typically used in conjunction with other indicators in the system, such as a baseline indicator, to provide a comprehensive trading strategy.
What is a Volatility/Volume indicator?
Volume indicators, such as the On Balance Volume (OBV), the Chaikin Money Flow (CMF), or the Volume Price Trend (VPT), are used to measure the amount of buying and selling activity in a market. They are based on the trading volume of the market, and can provide information about the strength of the trend. In the NNFX system, volume indicators are used to confirm trading signals generated by the Moving Average and the Relative Strength Index. Volatility indicators include Average Direction Index, Waddah Attar, and Volatility Ratio. In the NNFX trading system, volatility is a proxy for volume and vice versa.
By using volume indicators as confirmation tools, the NNFX trading system aims to reduce the risk of false signals and improve the overall profitability of trades. These indicators can provide additional information about the market that is not captured by the primary indicators, and can help traders to make more informed trading decisions. In addition, volume indicators can be used to identify potential changes in market trends and to confirm the strength of price movements.
What is an Exit indicator?
The exit indicator is used in conjunction with other indicators in the system, such as the Moving Average (MA), the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and the Average True Range (ATR), to provide a comprehensive trading strategy.
The exit indicator in the NNFX system can be any technical indicator that is deemed effective at identifying optimal exit points. Examples of exit indicators that are commonly used include the Parabolic SAR, the Average Directional Index (ADX), and the Chandelier Exit.
The purpose of the exit indicator is to identify when a trend is likely to reverse or when the market conditions have changed, signaling the need to exit a trade. By using an exit indicator, traders can manage their risk and prevent significant losses.
In the NNFX system, the exit indicator is used in conjunction with a stop loss and a take profit order to maximize profits and minimize losses. The stop loss order is used to limit the amount of loss that can be incurred if the trade goes against the trader, while the take profit order is used to lock in profits when the trade is moving in the trader's favor.
Overall, the use of an exit indicator in the NNFX trading system is an important component of a comprehensive trading strategy. It allows traders to manage their risk effectively and improve the profitability of their trades by exiting at the right time.
How does Loxx's GKD (Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System) implement the NNFX algorithm outlined above?
Loxx's GKD v2.0 system has five types of modules (indicators/strategies). These modules are:
1. GKD-BT - Backtesting module (Volatility, Number 1 in the NNFX algorithm)
2. GKD-B - Baseline module (Baseline and Volatility/Volume, Numbers 1 and 2 in the NNFX algorithm)
3. GKD-C - Confirmation 1/2 and Continuation module (Confirmation 1/2 and Continuation, Numbers 3, 4, and 5 in the NNFX algorithm)
4. GKD-V - Volatility/Volume module (Confirmation 1/2, Number 6 in the NNFX algorithm)
5. GKD-E - Exit module (Exit, Number 7 in the NNFX algorithm)
(additional module types will added in future releases)
Each module interacts with every module by passing data to A backtest module wherein the various components of the GKD system are combined to create a trading signal.
That is, the Baseline indicator passes its data to Volatility/Volume. The Volatility/Volume indicator passes its values to the Confirmation 1 indicator. The Confirmation 1 indicator passes its values to the Confirmation 2 indicator. The Confirmation 2 indicator passes its values to the Continuation indicator. The Continuation indicator passes its values to the Exit indicator, and finally, the Exit indicator passes its values to the Backtest strategy.
This chaining of indicators requires that each module conform to Loxx's GKD protocol, therefore allowing for the testing of every possible combination of technical indicators that make up the six components of the NNFX algorithm.
What does the application of the GKD trading system look like?
Example trading system:
Backtest: Solo Confirmation Complex Backtest as shown on the chart above
Baseline: Hull Moving Average as shown on the chart above
Volatility/Volume: Hurst Exponent as shown on the chart above
Confirmation 1: Fisher Trasnform as shown on the chart above
Confirmation 2: Williams Percent Range
Continuation: Vortex as shown on the chart above
Exit: Rex Oscillator
Each GKD indicator is denoted with a module identifier of either: GKD-BT, GKD-B, GKD-C, GKD-V, or GKD-E. This allows traders to understand to which module each indicator belongs and where each indicator fits into the GKD system.
Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System Signals (based on the NNFX algorithm)
Standard Entry
1. GKD-C Confirmation 1 Signal
2. GKD-B Baseline agrees
3. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
5. GKD-V Volatility/Volume agrees
Baseline Entry
1. GKD-B Baseline signal
2. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
5. GKD-V Volatility/Volume agrees
6. GKD-C Confirmation 1 signal was less than 7 candles prior
Volatility/Volume Entry
1. GKD-V Volatility/Volume signal
2. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
5. GKD-B Baseline agrees
6. GKD-C Confirmation 1 signal was less than 7 candles prior
Continuation Entry
1. Standard Entry, Baseline Entry, or Pullback; entry triggered previously
2. GKD-B Baseline hasn't crossed since entry signal trigger
3. GKD-C Confirmation Continuation Indicator signals
4. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
5. GKD-B Baseline agrees
6. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
1-Candle Rule Standard Entry
1. GKD-C Confirmation 1 signal
2. GKD-B Baseline agrees
3. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
Next Candle:
1. Price retraced (Long: close < close or Short: close > close )
2. GKD-B Baseline agrees
3. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
5. GKD-V Volatility/Volume agrees
1-Candle Rule Baseline Entry
1. GKD-B Baseline signal
2. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
4. GKD-C Confirmation 1 signal was less than 7 candles prior
Next Candle:
1. Price retraced (Long: close < close or Short: close > close )
2. GKD-B Baseline agrees
3. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
5. GKD-V Volatility/Volume Agrees
1-Candle Rule Volatility/Volume Entry
1. GKD-V Volatility/Volume signal
2. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
4. GKD-C Confirmation 1 signal was less than 7 candles prior
Next Candle:
1. Price retraced (Long: close < close or Short: close > close)
2. GKD-B Volatility/Volume agrees
3. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
5. GKD-B Baseline agrees
PullBack Entry
1. GKD-B Baseline signal
2. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price is beyond 1.0x Volatility of Baseline
Next Candle:
1. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
2. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
3. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
4. GKD-V Volatility/Volume Agrees
Dave Trend LinesDescription:
This indicator works with 2 main set ups.
1.-Price Action: 2 Trending lines : 1 superior with relevant high at 120 periods and 1 inferior with releveant lows of 120 perios.
2.-(hiden) 2 RSI Trending lines (based on 14 period and close) : 1 superior trend line with relevant high at 120 periods and 1 inferior trend line with releveant lows of 120 perios.
This indicador works as follows:
1.- Indicator detect chart form with trend lines and based on the last bar to 120 candles before.
Chart detected:
1.- Wedges = Cuña
2.- Chanels = Canal
2.- Indicador calculate trend lines superior and inferior of RSI with 120 candels previus.
2.- The indicator activate alerts once these conditions presented at the same time:
a) Price breake above trend line superior or breake under line inferior.
b) RSI brease above trend line superior or inferior.
How to use:
1.- Add indicator
2.- Indicator will show
*Buy / Sell Alerts.
3.- Stop Loss (Red Line) and Take Profit (Green Line) will be calculated automatically based on trading system theory with wedges and chanels.
4.- In Buy postion take Profit will be recalculated once new lows above the stop loss are presented.
In Sell postion take Profit will be recalculated once new lows above the stop loss are presented.
5.- Once price achiece take porfit level it will trigert an alert.
6.- Trade will be closed when Price cross the Stop Loss or Take Profit Dinamic.
Originality:
This is based on what I would like to know before start trading and loos a lot of money buying or selling with out any strategy regarding risk management, trade management, set up entry and close levels.
Risk Management:
Paramenters:
Risk = 1%
Capital = Variable Account Capital.
These 2 variables that the user can change, the indicator will sugget the lot size on that trade to avoid loose more that 1% of the capital in case the trade close with losss.
LowFinder_PyraMider_V2This strategy is a result of an exploration to experiment with other ways to detect lows / dips in the price movement, to try out alternative ways to exit and stop positions and a dive into risk management. It uses a combination of different indicators to detect and filter the potential lows and opens multiple positions to spread the risk and opportunities for unrealized losses or profits. This script combines code developed by fellow Tradingview community_members.
LowFinder
The lows in the price movement are detected by the Low finder script by RafaelZioni . It finds the potential lows based on the difference between RSI and EMA RSI. The MTF RSI formula is part of the MTFindicators library developed by Peter_O and is integrated in the Low finder code to give the option to use the RSI of higher timeframes. The sensitivity of the LowFinder is controlled by the MA length. When potential lows are detected, a Moving Average, a MTF Stochastic (based the the MTFindiicators by Peter_O) and the average price level filter out the weak lows. In the settings the minimal percentage needed for a low to be detected below the average price can be specified.
Order Sizing and Pyramiding
Pyramiding, or spreading multiple positions, is at the heart of this strategy and what makes it so powerful. The order size is calculated based on the max number of orders and portfolio percentage specified in the input settings. There are two order size modes. The ‘base’ mode uses the same base quantity for each order it opens, the ‘multiply’ mode multiplies the quantity with each order number. For example, when Long 3 is opened, the quantity is multiplied by 3. So, the more orders the bigger the consecutive order sizes. When using ‘multiply’ mode the sizes of the first orders are considerably lower to make up for the later bigger order sizes. There is an option to manually set a fixed order size but use this with caution as it bypasses all the risk calculations.
Stop Level, Take Profit, Trailing Stop
The one indicator that controls the exits is the Stop Level. When close crosses over the Stop Level, the complete position is closed and all orders are exited. The Stop Level is calculated based on the highest high given a specified candle lookback (settings). There is an option to deviate above this level with a specified percentage to tweak for better results. You can activate a Take Profit / Trailing Stop. When activated and close crosses the specified percentage, the Stop Level logic changes to a trailing stop to gain more profits. Another option is to use the percentage as a take profit, either when the stop level crosses over the take profit or close. With this option active, you can make this strategy more conservative. It is active by default.
And finally there is an option to Take Profit per open order. If hit, the separate orders close. In the current settings this option is not used as the percentage is 10%.
Stop Loss
I published an earlier version of this script a couple of weeks ago, but it got hidden by the moderators. Looking back, it makes sense because I didn’t pay any attention to risk management and save order sizing. This resulted in unrealistic results. So, in this script update I added a Stop Loss option. There are two modes. The ‘average price’ mode calculates the stop loss level based on a given percentage below the average price of the total position. The ‘equity’ mode calculates the stop loss level based on a given percentage of your equity you want to lose. By default, the ‘equity’ mode is active. By tweaking the percentage of the portfolio size and the stop loss equity mode, you can achieve a quite low risk strategy set up.
Variables in comments
To sent alerts to my exchange I use a webhook server. This works with a sending the information in the form of a comment. To be able to send messages with different quantities, a variable is added to the comment. This makes it possible to open different positions on the exchange with increasing quantities. To test this the quantities are printed in the comment and the quantities are switched off in the style settings.
This code is a result of a study and not intended for use as a worked out and full functioning strategy. Use it at your own risk. To make the code understandable for users that are not so much introduced into pine script (like me), every step in the code is commented to explain what it does. Hopefully it helps.
Enjoy!
Kitchen [ilovealgotrading]
OVERVIEW:
Kitchen is a strategy that aims to trade in the direction of the trend by using supertrend and stochRsi data by calculating at different time values.
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS – SETTINGS:
First of all, let's understand the supertrend and stocrsi indicators.
How do you read and use Super Trend for trading ?
The price is often going upwards when it breaks the super trend line while keeping its position above the indication level.
When the market is in a bullish trend, the indicator becomes green. The indicator level will act as trendline support in such a scenario. The color of the indicator changes to red to indicate a negative trend once the price crosses the support line. The price uses the super trend level as a trendline resistance during a bearish move.
In our strategy, if our 1-hour and 4-hour supertrend lines show the up or down train in the same direction at the same time, we can assume that a train is forming here.
Why do I use the time of 1 hour and 4 hours ?
When I did a backtest from the past to the present, I discovered that the most accurate and consistent time zones are the 1 hour and 4 hour time zones.
By the way we can change our short term timeframe(1H) and long term timeframe(4H) from settings panel.
How do you read and use the Stoch-RSI Indicator?
This indicator analyzes price dynamics automatically to detect overbought and oversold locations.
The indicator includes:
- The primary line, which typically has values between 0 and 100;
- Two dynamic levels for overbought and oversold conditions.
IF our stoch-rsi indicator value has fallen below our lower boundary line, the oversold event has been observed in the price, if our stoch-rsi value breaks up our bottom line after becoming oversold, we think that the price will start the recovery phase.(The case is also true for the opposite.)
However, this does not always apply and we need additional approvals, Therefore, our 1H and 4H supertrrend indicator provides us with additional confirmation.
Buy Condition:
Our 1H(short term) and 4H(long term) supertrrend indicator, has given the buy signal(green line and yellow line), and if our stochrsi indicator has broken our oversold line up on the past 15 bars, the buy signal is formed here.
Sell Condition:
Our 1H(short term) and 4H(long term) supertrrend indicator, has given the sell signal(red line and orange line), and if our stochrsi indicator has broken our overbuy line down on the past 15 bars, the sell signal is formed here.
Stop Loss or Take Profit Conditions:
Exit Long Senerio:
All conditions are completed, the buy signal has arrived and we have entered a LONG trade, the 1-hour supertrend line follows the price rise(yellow line), if the price breaks below the 1-hour super trend line and a sell condition occurs for 1H timeframe for supertrend indcator, LONG trade will exit here.
Exit Short Senerio:
All conditions are completed, the Sell signal has arrived and we have entered a SHORT trade, the 1-hour supertrend line follows the price down(orange line), if the price breaks up the 1-hour super trend line and a buy condition occurs for 1H timeframe for supertrend indcator, SHORT trade will exit here.
What can you change in the settings panel?
1-We can set Start and End date for backtest and future alarms
2-We can set ATR length and Factor for supertrend indicator
3-We can set our short term and long term timeframe value
4-We can set StochRsi Up and Low limit to confirm buy and sell conditions
5-We can set stochrsi retroactive approval length
6-We can set stochrsi values or the length
7-We can set Dollar cost for per position
8- We can choose the direction of our positions, we can set only LONG, only SHORT or both directions.
9-IF you want to place automatic buy and sell orders with this strategy, you can paste your codes into the Long open-close or Short open-close message sections.
For example
IF you write your alert window this code {{strategy.order.alert_message}}.
When trigger Long signal you will get dynamically what you pasted here for Long Open Message
ALSO:
Please do not open trades without properly managing your risk and psychology!!!
If you have any ideas what to add to my work to add more sources or make calculations cooler, suggest in DM .
LeafAlgo Premium Macro StrategiesA "macro score", as defined here, is created by giving various weights to different signals and adding them together to get one smooth score. Positive or negative values are assigned to each of the signals depending on if the statement is true or false (e.g. DPO > 0: +1, DPO < 0: -1). This manner of strategy allows for a subset of the available signals to be present at one time as opposed to every technical signal having to be active in order for a long/short signal to trigger.
This strategy contains SIX different macro score strategies -- "Base DFMA", "Base DFMG", "Ichimoku", "TSI", "Donchian DFMA", and "Donchian DFMG". These strategies have the signals and weights pre-determined in the code. The "Base DFMA" strategy is based on our Democratic Fibonacci Moving Average (DFMA) indicator; the "Donchian DFMA" is the same as the base DFMA strategy, but with a signal from our Donchian Cloud Score indicator as added confluence. The "Base DFMG" strategy is based on our Democratic Fibonacci McGinley Dynamics (DFMG) indicator; the "Donchian DFMG" is the same, but with the Donchian Cloud Score as added confluence. The "Ichimoku" strategy is based on the major sub-indicators found within an Ichimoku Cloud in addition to our Donchian Cloud Score. The "TSI" strategy is based on the True Strength Index.
The ability to select your strategy of choice can be found at the top of the strategy settings under "Strategy Options", then in the drop-down menu labeled "Strategy Choice".
The DFMA - Democratic Fibonacci Moving Average - is a separate indicator that we have released that takes 10 different Fibonacci MAs (lengths of 3 to 233, at Fibonacci intervals) and averages them to form the DFMA line. This helps by creating a consensus on the trend based on moving averages alone. Crossovers of the DFMA with the various Fib MA lengths as well as a cross of the price source and these lines can provide adequate long and short signals. In the two DFMA strategies, the heaviest weights have been given to crosses of the DFMA line/Fib MA (233) as well as the crosses of the Fib MA (3)/DFMA. Additionally, there are thresholds for DPO ( Detrended Price Oscillator , above or below 0), CMO ( Chande Momentum Oscillator , above or below 0), Jurik Volatility Bands (above or below 0), and Stoch RSI (above or below 50). These four signals hold a lighter weight than the MA cross signals. The macro score itself ranges between -10 and 10. In addition to the macro score line, a momentum line (sourced by the macro score itself) has been included. A crossover/crossunder of the macro score and the macro momentum line is included into the long/short signal syntax in addition to a threshold for the macro score.
The DFMG - Democratic Fibonacci McGinley Dynamics - is a separate indicator that we have released that takes 10 different Fibonacci McGinley Dynamic liness (lengths of 3 to 233, at Fibonacci intervals) and averages them to form the DFMG line. This helps by creating a consensus on the trend based on moving averages alone. Crossovers of the DFMG with the various Fib MG lengths as well as a cross of the price source and these lines can provide adequate long and short signals. This strategy has the signals and weights pre-determined in the code. Heaviest weights have been given to crosses of the DFMG line/ McGinley (233) as well as the crosses of the McGinley (3)/DFMG. Additionally, there are thresholds for DPO ( Detrended Price Oscillator , above or below 0), CMO ( Chande Momentum Oscillator , above or below 0), Jurik Volatility Bands (above or below 0), and Stoch RSI (above or below 50). These four signals hold a lighter weight than the McGinley cross signals. The macro score itself ranges between -10 and 10. In addition to the macro score line, a momentum line (sourced by the macro score itself) has been included. A crossover/crossunder of the macro score and the macro momentum line is included into the long/short signal syntax in addition to a threshold for the macro score.
For the Ichimoku macro score, five signals were considered and weighted equally:
- Kijun-sen < Ichimoku Source
- Tenkan-sen < Ichimoku Source
- Kijun-sen > Chikou-span
- Tenkan-sen > Kijun-sen
- Senkou Span A > Senkou Span B
In addition to these factors, the Ichimoku strategy utilizes the Donchian Cloud Score in the long and short entry signals. Thus, the Donchian Cloud settings are applicable to this strategy.
For the True Strength Index strategy, the heaviest weights have been given to various TSI signals, including a crossover/crossunder of TSI signal and TSI value, a threshold for the TSI Signal (above or below 0), and a crossover/crossunder of the CMO ( Chande Momentum Oscillator ) and the TSI signal line. Additionally, there are thresholds for DPO ( Detrended Price Oscillator , above or below 0), Jurik Volatility Bands (above or below 0), and Stoch RSI (above or below 50). These three signals hold a lighter weight than the three TSI signals. The macro score itself ranges between -10 and 10. In addition to the macro score line, a momentum line (sourced by the macro score itself) has been included. A crossover/crossunder of the macro score and the macro momentum line is included into the long/short signal syntax in addition to a threshold for the macro score.
The Donchian Cloud Score is derived from a set of 5 Donchian channels (upper, lower, and basis plotted) defaulted to lengths of 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200. A set of conditions associated with the channels aims to determine ranging versus trending markets. Weights are given to these conditions accordingly, then tallied up to determine the "cloud score", ranging between -25 and 25. In general, a ranging market is determined by a cloud score between -10 and 10, while a positive trending market has a score higher than 10 and a negative trending market has a score lower than -10. That said, long and short thresholds similar to the macro score itself are included in the user settings and set to a default of 5 or -5. The cloud score is plotted as a line in the underlay with coloration reflecting ranging or trending markets (green color above the long threshold, gray between the thresholds, and red below the short threshold). The cloud score is incorporated into the strategy syntax for long and short positions in that the score must be above or below the set threshold for a trade to be placed. A breakdown for the Donchian scoring is as follows:
- Broke the 25-length DC (DC(25)) upper band in the previous 3 bars - +1 if true, 0 if false
- Broke the DC(50) upper band in the previous 3 bars - +2 if true, 0 if false
- Broke the DC(100) upper band in the previous 3 bars - +3 if true, 0 if false
- Broke the DC(150) upper band in the previous 3 bars - +4 if true, 0 if false
- Broke the DC(200) upper band in the previous 3 bars - +5 if true, 0 if false
- Broke the DC(25) lower band in the previous 3 bars - -1 if true, 0 if false
- Broke the DC(50) lower band in the previous 3 bars - -2 if true, 0 if false
- Broke the DC(100) lower band in the previous 3 bars - -3 if true, 0 if false
- Broke the DC(150) lower band in the previous 3 bars - -4 if true, 0 if false
- Broke the DC(200) lower band in the previous 3 bars - -5 if true, 0 if false
- DC(25) basis line above the DC(50) basis line - +1 if true, -1 if false
- DC(25) basis line above the DC(100) basis line - +1 if true, -1 if false
- DC(25)basis line above the DC(150) basis line - +1 if true, -1 if false
- DC(25) basis line above the DC(200) basis line - +1 if true, -1 if false
- DC(50) basis line above the DC(100) basis line - +1 if true, -1 if false
- DC(50) basis line above the DC(150) basis line - +1 if true, -1 if false
- DC(50) basis line above the DC(200) basis line - +1 if true, -1 if false
- DC(100) basis line above the DC(150) basis line - +1 if true, -1 if false
- DC(100) basis line above the DC(200) basis line - +1 if true, -1 if false
- DC(150) basis line above the DC(200) basis line - +1 if true, -1 if false
Thresholds for both the respective macro score and the Donchian Cloud score have been included. Entry signals for each strategy require the score to be >= the respective thresholds for longs and <= the respective thresholds for shorts.
Additionally, a normalized z-score has been included. The z-score does not affect the entry and exit signals, however, it is displayed on the chart in the form of bar coloration. The z-score has been normalized to a range of -1 to +1. A z-score under -0.60 is displayed as a red bar color, a score between -0.60 and -0.2 is displayed as an orange bar color, a score between -0.2 and 0.2 is displayed as a gray bar color, a score between 0.2 and 0.6 is displayed as a lime bar color, and a score over 0.6 is displayed in green.
Data for each respective strategy will be displayed in an overlaid table. This includes the factors that comprise the macro score of choice, the values of each signal that adds up to the macro score, the macro score itself, the value of the momentum line of the macro score, the normalized z-score value, and the Donchian Cloud score (if applicable). Green coloration notes bullish sentiment within the signals or values, gray coloration is neutral, and red coloration notes bearish sentiment.
Take profit, stop loss, and trailing percentages are also included, found at the bottom of the Input tab under “TT and TTP” as well as “Stop Loss”. The take profit and stop loss levels will be reflected as green and red lines respectively on the chart as they occur. Make sure to understand the TP/SL ratio that you desire before use, as the desired hit rate/profitability percentage will be affected accordingly. The option for adding in a trailing stop has also been included, with options to choose between an ATR-based trail or a percentage-based trail. This strategy does NOT guarantee future returns. Apply caution in trading regardless of discretionary or algorithmic. Understand the concepts of risk/reward and the intricacies of each strategy choice before utilizing them in your personal trading.
Profitview/Pineconnector Settings:
If you wish to utilize Profitview’s automation system, find the included “Profitview Settings” under the Input tab of the strategy settings menu. If not, skip this section entirely as it can be left blank. Options will be “OPEN LONG TITLE”, “OPEN SHORT TITLE”, “CLOSE LONG TITLE”, and “CLOSE SHORT TITLE”. If you wished to trade SOL, for example, you would put “SOL LONG”, “SOL SHORT”, “SOL CLOSE LONG”, and “SOL CLOSE SHORT” in these areas. Within your Profitview extension, ensure that your Alerts all match these titles. To set an alert for use with Profitview, go to the “Alerts” tab in TradingView, then create an alert. Make sure that your desired asset and timeframe are currently displayed on your screen when creating the alert. Under the “Condition” option of the alert, select the strategy, then select the expiration time. If using TradingView Premium, this can be open-ended. Otherwise, select your desired expiration time and date. This can be updated whenever desired to ensure the strategy does not expire. Under “Alert actions”, nothing necessarily needs to be selected unless so desired. Leave the “Alert name” option empty. For the “Message”, delete the generated message and replace it with {{strategy.order.alert_message}} and nothing else. If using Pineconnector, follow the same directions for setting up an alert, but use the ",buy,,risk=" syntax as noted in the tooltips.
Divergence for Many [Dimkud - v5]Strategy is based on "Divergence for Many Indicators v4 ST" strategy by CannyTolany01
which is based on "Divergence for Many Indicator" indicator by LonesomeTheBlue
This strategy is searching for divergences on 18 indicators which you can select and optimise one by one.
Additionally you can connect any other External Indicator value. (just add this indicator the the chart and select option in settings)
To the original indicator/strategy I have added 9 additional indicators:
( Money Flow Index, Williams_Vix, Stochastic RSI , SMI Ergodic Oscillator, Volume Weighted MACD , Bull Bear Power, Balance of Power , Relative Volatility Index , Logistic Settings).
Converted strategy to v5 of Pine Script.
Added Static SL/TP in percents (%).
Added filters to filter enters:
1. Volume Weighted MACD - Multi-TimeFrame Filter
(It checks for histogram to falling or rising for a set periods of bars)
2. Money Flow Index - Multi-TimeFrame Filter
(It checks if MFI Oscillator is in the set diapason.
Also It checks if MFI is falling or rising for a set periods of bars )
3. ATR filter
(check changes in fast ATR to slow ATR )
Strategy shows good backtest results on many crypto tokens on 45m - 1h periods. (with parameters optimisation for every indicator)
To find best parameters - you can enable indicators one-by one, and optimise best parameters for each of them.
Then enable all indicators with successful results.
Optimise SL/TP.
Then try to enable and optimise filters (channels etc.)
The better is to optimise parameters separately for Short and Long trading. And run two separate bots (in settings enable only Long or only Short.)
Updates:
- Added visualisation for open trades (SL/TP)
- Added Volatility filter by ATR with many options for tests.
- Fixed some small bugs.
- Added second RSI filter (you can use two RSIs with different TF or settings)
- Updated ATR volatility and MFI filter. Removed non-effective options
- Added CCI filter
- Added option to Enable/Disable visualisation of TP/SL on chart
- Fixed one small quick bug. ("ATR filter short" was not working)
- Added Super Trend filter
- Added Momentum filter
- Added Volume Filter
- All "request.security" MultiTimeFrame calls changed to 100% non-repait function "f_security()"
Investments/swing trading strategy for different assetsStop worrying about catching the lowest price, it's almost impossible!: with this trend-following strategy and protection from bearish phases, you will know how to enter the market properly to obtain benefits in the long term.
Backtesting context: 1899-11-01 to 2023-02-16 of SPX by Tvc. Commissions: 0.05% for each entry, 0.05% for each exit. Risk per trade: 2.5% of the total account
For this strategy, 5 indicators are used:
One Ema of 200 periods
Atr Stop loss indicator from Gatherio
Squeeze momentum indicator from LazyBear
Moving average convergence/divergence or Macd
Relative strength index or Rsi
Trade conditions:
There are three type of entries, one of them depends if we want to trade against a bearish trend or not.
---If we keep Against trend option deactivated, the rules for two type of entries are:---
First type of entry:
With the next rules, we will be able to entry in a pull back situation:
Squeeze momentum is under 0 line (red)
Close is above 200 Ema and close is higher than the past close
Histogram from macd is under 0 line and is higher than the past one
Once these rules are met, we enter into a buy position. Stop loss will be determined by atr stop loss (white point) and break even(blue point) by a risk/reward ratio of 1:1.
For closing this position: Squeeze momentum crosses over 0 and, until squeeze momentum crosses under 0, we close the position. Otherwise, we would have closed the position due to break even or stop loss.
Second type of entry:
With the next rules, we will not lose a possible bullish movement:
Close is above 200 Ema
Squeeze momentum crosses under 0 line
Once these rules are met, we enter into a buy position. Stop loss will be determined by atr stop loss (white point) and break even(blue point) by a risk/reward ratio of 1:1.
Like in the past type of entry, for closing this position: Squeeze momentum crosses over 0 and, until squeeze momentum crosses under 0, we close the position. Otherwise, we would have closed the position due to break even or stop loss.
---If we keep Against trend option activated, the rules are the same as the ones above, but with one more type of entry. This is more useful in weekly timeframes, but could also be used in daily time frame:---
Third type of entry:
Close is under 200 Ema
Squeeze momentum crosses under 0 line
Once these rules are met, we enter into a buy position. Stop loss will be determined by atr stop loss (white point) and break even(blue point) by a risk/reward ratio of 1:1.
Like in the past type of entries, for closing this position: Squeeze momentum crosses over 0 and, until squeeze momentum crosses under 0, we close the position. Otherwise, we would have closed the position due to break even or stop loss.
Risk management
For calculating the amount of the position you will use just a small percent of your initial capital for the strategy and you will use the atr stop loss for this.
Example: You have 1000 usd and you just want to risk 2,5% of your account, there is a buy signal at price of 4,000 usd. The stop loss price from atr stop loss is 3,900. You calculate the distance in percent between 4,000 and 3,900. In this case, that distance would be of 2.50%. Then, you calculate your position by this way: (initial or current capital * risk per trade of your account) / (stop loss distance).
Using these values on the formula: (1000*2,5%)/(2,5%) = 1000usd. It means, you have to use 1000 usd for risking 2.5% of your account.
We will use this risk management for applying compound interest.
In settings, with position amount calculator, you can enter the amount in usd of your account and the amount in percentage for risking per trade of the account. You will see this value in green color in the upper left corner that shows the amount in usd to use for risking the specific percentage of your account.
Script functions
Inside of settings, you will find some utilities for display atr stop loss, break evens, positions, signals, indicators, etc.
You will find the settings for risk management at the end of the script if you want to change something. But rebember, do not change values from indicators, the idea is to not over optimize the strategy.
If you want to change the initial capital for backtest the strategy, go to properties, and also enter the commisions of your exchange and slippage for more realistic results.
If you activate break even using rsi, when rsi crosses under overbought zone break even will be activated. This can work in some assets.
---Important: In risk managment you can find an option called "Use leverage ?", activate this if you want to backtest using leverage, which means that in case of not having enough money for risking the % determined by you of your account using your initial capital, you will use leverage for using the enough amount for risking that % of your acount in a buy position. Otherwise, the amount will be limited by your initial/current capital---
Some things to consider
USE UNDER YOUR OWN RISK. PAST RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT THE FUTURE.
DEPENDING OF % ACCOUNT RISK PER TRADE, YOU COULD REQUIRE LEVERAGE FOR OPEN SOME POSITIONS, SO PLEASE, BE CAREFULL AND USE CORRECTLY THE RISK MANAGEMENT
Do not forget to change commissions and other parameters related with back testing results!
Some assets and timeframes where the strategy has also worked:
BTCUSD : 4H, 1D, W
SPX (US500) : 4H, 1D, W
GOLD : 1D, W
SILVER : 1D, W
ETHUSD : 4H, 1D
DXY : 1D
AAPL : 4H, 1D, W
AMZN : 4H, 1D, W
META : 4H, 1D, W
(and others stocks)
BANKNIFTY : 4H, 1D, W
DAX : 1D, W
RUT : 1D, W
HSI : 1D, W
NI225 : 1D, W
USDCOP : 1D, W
TTMW+ : TTMW Trend-Following System TTMW Trend-Following System
Developed by Stamp - To The Milky Way
# What is TTMW Trend Following System ? #
- TTMW Trend-Following System is designed and developed by "To The Milky Way". The indicator is very simple and useful for low time-preference trader, the concept of the indicator is to follow the trend when the strong buy momentum is indicated using the only indicator ,RSI (Relative Strength Index), to provide the signal for the traders. The cross-over of RSI and overbought value indicates the strong Buy momentum and the possible FOMO state, labels the Buy Signal which is indicated on the chart. The cross-under of RSI and oversold value indicated the strong Sell momentum that would be the Take-Profit or Stop-Loss target.
- The TTMW Trend-Following System is able to Backtest the performance of the system with any specific ticker by using the Strategy Tester that is provided in Tradingview, so the traders can verify the past performance of the system performing in any specify ticker before making the investing decision.
- The Trend Following system is better to use in large timeframe. The indicator is designed and developed to perform on 1D Timeframe.
# How to use ? #
- The system is very simple to use. The system is designed for 3 trading style (Normal, Aggressive, Super Aggressive) which can be selected in the setting. Traders can select the trading style which fit the best with their trading style.
- The system is developed with the Dashboard that can be enabled in the setting. The Dashboard provides the major informations that can help the traders.
- The system has an alert function that can be used to alert via Email when the Buy or Sell signal is triggered.
DRM StrategyOne of the ways I go when I develop strategies is by reducing the number of parameters and removing fixed parameters and levels.
In this strategy, I'm trying to create an RSI indicator with a dynamic length.
Length is computed based on the correlation between Price and its momentum.
You can set min and max values for the RSI, and if the correlation is close to 1, we'll be at a min RSI value. When it's -1, we'll be at the max level.
I got this idea from Sofien Kaabar's book.
The strategy is super simple, and there might be much room for improvement.
Performance on the deep backtesting is not excellent, so I think the strategy needs some filters for regimes, etc.
Thanks to @MUQWISHI for helping me code it.
Disclaimer
Please remember that past performance may not indicate future results.
Due to various factors, including changing market conditions, the strategy may no longer perform as well as in historical backtesting.
This post and the script don’t provide any financial advice.
M0PB (Momentum Pullback)Long/short strategy that identifies extreme readings on the rsi as a *momentum signal*, unlike most RSI strategies the script will look to buy or sell the first pullback in the direction of the extreme RSI reading.
Enters positions on the first pullback to the 5ema(low)/ 5ema(high) and exits at rolling 12 bar high/ low. The rolling high/ low feature means that if the price enters into a prolonged consolidation the profit target will begin to reduce with each new bar. The best trades tend to work within 2-6 bars.
Built for use on 5 min intervals on FX, Indexes, and Crypto. Lower than 5 minute time frames tend to be noisier and mean more commissions and a higher risk of slippage so the suggested timeframe is 5 mins.
Hard stop is X ATR (users can experiment with this) from the position entry price. This can be adjusted in user inputs.
There is a lot of slack left in entries and exits but the overall strategy is fairly robust across timeframes and markets and has between 60%-70% win rate with larger winners.
Signals that occur from economic news volatility are best avoided.
I11L - Meanreverter 4h---Overview---
The system buys fear and sells greed.
Its relies on a Relative Strength Index (RSI) and moving averages (MA) to find oversold and overbought states.
It seems to work best in market conditions where the Bond market has a negative Beta to Stocks.
Backtests in a longer Timeframe will clearly show this.
---Parameter---
Frequency: Smothens the RSI curve, helps to "remember" recent highs better.
RsiFrequency: A Frequency of 40 implies a RSI over the last 40 Bars.
BuyZoneDistance: Spacing between the different zones. A wider spacing reduces the amount of signals and icnreases the holding duration. Should be finetuned with tradingcosts in mind.
AvgDownATRSum: The multiple of the Average ATR over 20 Bars * amount of opentrades for your average down. I choose the ATR over a fixed percent loss to find more signals in low volatility environments and less in high volatility environments.
---Some of my thoughts---
Be very careful about the good backtesting performance in many US-Stocks because the System had a favourable environment since 1970.
Be careful about the survivorship bias as well.
52% of stocks from the S&P500 were removed since 2000.
I discount my Annual Results by 5% because of this fact.
You will find yourself quite often with very few signals because of the high market correlation.
My testing suggests that there is no expected total performance difference between a signal from a bad and a signal from a good market condition but a higher volatility.
I am sharing this strategy because i am currently not able to implement it as i want to and i think that meanreversion is starting to be taken more serious by traders.
The challange in implementing this strategy is that you need to be invested 100% of the time to retrieve the expected annual performance and to reduce the fat tail risk by market crashes.
Risk Management Strategy TemplateThis strategy is intended to be used as a base template for building new strategies.
It incorporates the following features:
Risk management:
Configurable X% loss per stop loss
Configurable R:R ratio
Trade entry:
Calculated position size based on risk tolerance
Trade exit:
Stop Loss currently configurable ATR multiplier but can be replaced based on strategy
Take Profit calculated from Stop Loss using R:R ratio
Backtesting:
Configurable backtesting range by date
Trade drawings:
TP/SL boxes drawn for all trades. Can be turned on and off
Trade exit information labels. Can be turned on and off
NOTE: Trade drawings will only be applicable when using overlay strategies
Debugging:
Includes section with useful debugging techniques
Strategy conditions
Trade entry:
LONG
C1: Price is above EMA line
C2: RSI is crossing out of oversold area
SHORT
C1: Price is below EMA line
C2: RSI is crossing out of overbought area
Trade exit:
Stop Loss: Stop Loss ATR multiplier is hit
Take Profit: R:R multiplier * Stop Loss is hit
The idea is to use RSI to catch pullbacks within the main trend.
Note that this strategy is intended to be a simple base strategy for building upon. It was not designed to be traded in its current form.
PowerX by jwitt98This strategy attempts to replicate the PowerX strategy as described in the book by by Markus Heitkoetter
Three indicators are used:
RSI (7) - An RSI above 50 indicates and uptrend. An RSI below 50 indicates a downtrend.
Slow Stochastics (14, 3, 3) - A %K above 50 indicates an uptrend. A %K below 50 indicates a downtrend.
MACD (12, 26, 9) - A MACD above the signal line indicates an uptrend. A MACD below the signal line indicates a downtrend
In addition, multiples of ADR (7) is used for setting the stops and profit targets
Setup:
When all 3 indicators are indicating an uptrend, the OHLC bar is green.
When all 3 indicators are indicating a downtrend, the OHLC bar is red.
When one or more indicators are conflicting, the OHLC bar is black
The basic rules are:
When the OHLC bar is green and the preceding bar is black or Red, enter a long stop-limit order .01 above the high of the first green bar
When the OHLC bar is red and the preceding bar is black or green, enter a short stop-limit order .01 below the low of the first red bar
If a red or black bar is encountered while in a long trade, or a green or black bar for a short trade, exit the trade at the close of that bar with a market order.
Stop losses are set by default at a multiple of 1.5 times the ADR.
Profit targets are set by default at a multiple of 3 times the ADR.
Options:
You can adjust the start and end dates for the trading range
You can configure this strategy for long only, short only, or both long and short.
You can adjust the multiples used to set the stop losses and profit targets.
There is an option to use a money management system very similar to the one described in the PowerX book. Some assumptions had to be made for cases where the equity is underwater as those cases are not clearly defined in the book. There is an option to override this behavior and keep the risk at or above the set point (2% by default), rather than further reduce the risk when equity is underwater. Position sizing is limited when using money management so as not to exceed the current strategy equity. The starting risk can be adjusted from the default of 2%.
Final notes: If you find any errors, have any questions, or have suggestions for improvements, please leave your message in the comments.
Happy trading!
Bitfinex Shorts StratOverview
This strat applies the data from BITFINEX:USDSHORTS to the RSI indicator in order to provide SHORT/LONG entries as the number of contracts goes up and down. Although Bitfinex has lost relevance over the years its generally considered an exchange dominated by smart money rather than retail. I'd like to see if any insights can be gained by following their trading behaviour.
How to use
Select the underlying security you wish to trade and load the indicator. Select the appropriate short security by searching in the Bitfinex Short Symbol. RSI settings apply to short symbol not the actual asset. Strategy shorts the underlying asset when shorts rise and longs when they drop. The shorts symbol will follow the value of the loaded chart. Works best on 4 hour chart.
Why use shorts only rather than both long/shorts?
Bitfinex longs seem to be on a long-term uptrend accounting for 25x the number of shorts. Might be enormous confidence on part of the whales, but more likely reflects selling spot and buying perp. Given the size disparity and price action I don't think longs info is adding much.
Problems with script:
a) We don't really know the intentions of short players (e.g. speculation or hedging spot)
b) The script uses a decline in shorts as a long signal
c) RSI is a blunt tool there are probably better options for calculating high/lows in shorts
d) Shorts are accumulated both at highs and also when BTC price is already heavily trending down. This suggests some are speculative (at the highs) or protective/hedging during a decline
Takeaways:
Based on this strat Bitfinex whales are more wrong than right.
Results don't carry across well into altcoins using the accompanying short symbol. However, what is interesting is that applying the BITFINEX:BTCUSDSHORTS to altcoin charts does work pretty well.
Strat needs some refinement to control for entries under different circumstances.
Probably not a great idea to use this as a strategy in isolation, but highlights how Bitfinex whale behaviour is a good gauge to follow.
ALMA/EMA/SRSI Strategy + IndicatorBack with another great high hit rate strategy!!
Disclaimer* This strategy was sampled using source code written by @ClassicScott , as referred to in the script, there is a clear line where the source code was scripted by myself.
This Strategy consists of three key factors, the ALMA, EMA crossover, and a Stochastic Rsi
ALMA: The Alma is the step line shown, turning green and red at select times. This average value gives general oversight of the macro movement of price action. and this particular one was coded by Mr.ClassicScott.
EMA crossover: At the input screen you are given an option of the fast and slow ema's. The default is solely for the hit rate and correlation to the Alma of this strategy. The arrows you see depicted on the chart are the crossover events happening.
Stochastic Rsi: The Stochastic Rsi is a stochastic value, using data sampled from the rsi. The use of this indicator in my strategy is to prevent entries when too overbought and oversold, as well as closures and vice versa, to prevent holding bags either way.
Fixed % TP: In the input screen you are given a take profit and stop loss percentage, for good R/R the hit rate will take a notch down, but with no R/R it will be near perfect.
How to use this:
Add it to your chart to get the strategy inputs. (The strategy is really only useful on a 15min TF. However the indicator within it can be used on anything at anytime!)
Watch the yellow and aqua moving averages, these are your ema's and crossover's will trigger signals based on your integer inputs.
Find Correlation between other leading indicators, as well as crossover's down/up and a red/green alma.
DO NOT use the arrows as buy/sell signals. These are simply to show ema's are crossing under or over. Momentum indicator's paired with this can be useful to determine if it could be a buy signal or sell signal.
Cheat Code's Notes:
Almost at 1000 boosts!!! I appreciate the support from everyone and I will keep trying my best to deliver quality strategies for the people.
-Cheat Code
BYBIT:BTCUSDT
PlanB Quant Investing 101 v2This script has been Inspired by PlanB Article Quant Investing 101.
With this script, I implemented Plan B strategy outlined in that article, trying to reproduce his findings independently and allowing TradeView Users to do the same.
PlabB is aware of this effort, and he's positive about it, via Twitter commenting, liking and sharing of this resource .
Trading Idea:
This script uses RSI index to determine the Buy And Sell signal.
As per the original PlanB article:
IF ( RSI was above 90% last six months AND drops below 65%) THEN sell,
IF ( RSI was below 50% last six months AND jumps +2% from the low) THEN buy, ELSE hold
My simple code is aimed at replicating his study in Pine so that every TV user can check his signal.
IPB_JPMUPS_2022Introduction :
This indicator serves two purposes
a) It is a multi dimensional floor pivot indicator, which takes its concepts from Secrets of Pivot Boss book of Frank Ochoa. Most of the indicators suggested in the book are packed in one indicator.
b) It also has an inbuilt intraday strategy which identifies trend, direction and momentum based on CPR (Central Pivot Range) concepts and accordingly comes up with trading signals.
How this indicator is different from the published ones :
A). Role as an indicator
This indicator has all the CPR (Central Pivot Range) indicators packed together which provides a ready made solution for CPR based trading. The following are the salient features of this indicator :
1) This indicator plots daily CPR using previous day high, low and close. It also plots Support and Resistance levels based on floor pivots formula.
Moreover, it also plots developing CPR which is based on current day's high, low and close. Apart from that it also plots CPR for next day session as well which is useful for EOD analysis.
2) This indicator plots weekly CPR using previous week high, low and close. It also plots developing CPR which is based on current week's high, low and close.
3) This indicator plots monthly CPR using previous month high, low and close. It also plots developing CPR which is based on current month's high, low and close.
4) This indicator plots pivot EMA which is called PEMA. It uses three different EMAs which are customisable and uses them to plot a moving average web based on pivot points of each candle, which is called as PEMA. This also facilitates PEMA plotting for higher time frame (daily time frame) as well.
5) This indicator plots daily time frame moving average in intraday chart which can be used as a key zone during trading. The period is customisable.
B) Role as a strategy
This indicator also functions as an intraday trading strategy called JPMUPS (JP stands for author's nickname. MUPS stands for Manoj Ultimate Pivot Strategy). This strategy attempts to identify trend, direction and momentum and when all these three align together it gives buy and sell signals. The concepts are as under:
Trend identification :
Whenever a trend is established, the developing CPR starts to widen. Hence this strategy uses the width of the developing CPR and compares it with the MA of the width to identify the trend. If the width of the developing CPR crosses the 34 period MA (can be customised), it assumes a trend is developing.
Direction identification:
Whenever a direction is established, the CPR components, namely BC and TC shifts its position. Hence this strategy uses this concept to identify the direction. It computes MACD sort of histogram of the BC and TC difference and whenever the histogram slops upwards, it assumes bullish direction and vice versa.
Momentum identification :
Whenever momentum is established, the developing CPR starts sloping upwards. Hence this strategy uses this concept to identify the momentum. It computes RSI of the developing CPR and if the RSI is above the 34 period MA (can be customised) of RSI , it assumes momentum is establishing and vice versa.
When all the above are aligned together, it gives buy or sell signals suitably.
How to use it :
a) Indicator usage :
1) CPR zones are key zones which predominantly acts as support and resistance zones. Looking at the price action at these zones, one can look for trading opportunities in live market.
2) Developing CPR acts as pull back zones and is very useful in live trading and also EOD analysis for spotting opportunities by combining price action.
b) Strategy usage :
1). Strategy signals are only indicative. Users are strongly advised not to use the strategy blindly. Users are advised to go though the CPR concepts thoroughly and use this strategy signals only as a supplement for further decision making / analysis.
Markets meant for :
1). This indicator and Strategy is predominantly designed for I ndian stock markets . However it can be customised for other markets as well by changing the timings of the markets in the parameters.
Market conditions meant for :
1). This indicator is meant for all types of market conditions as its predominant role is to plot the key support and resistance zones using CPR concepts.
2). The strategy is mainly found to be effective in trending markets and predominantly indices like Nifty and Bank Nifty . Hence Users are advised to use this only as an indicative feature and not blindly trade based on signals. The strategy is found to be less effective in lower time frames like 1min / 3min, etc. 15 min time frame provides fair performance. However it doesnt mean that it will continue to perform in the same manner in the future.
ETH long bot - 8hrThis is a high-latency algorithm, safely running on the Ethereum 8hr chart where it can execute trades on a multi-day timeframe, making it easy to enter and exit large positions and without incurring excessive commission fees.
As a long bot, this script should be ran in markets that are trending upwards. Nonetheless, the operator can be at ease knowing that the script can safely run autonomously during these extended periods. It is shown here performing full-time over a 46 month period, from January 2019 through October 2021, steadily increasing the available capital despite the asset's fluctuations. While the buy and hold return over this time was 714%, the algorithm produced a net profit 4,060%, outperforming the market by over 5.5x. This equates to a 40x return on investment in 4 years.
The strategy behind this algorithm is to always capitalize on significant jumps in the market. This is accomplished by using a simple combination of RSIs:
- One RSI uses VWAP as a source, which is primarily responsible for entering growth trends whenever they begin
- The other is a Stochastic RSI , which is primarily responsible for identifying exhausted periods of growth
These calculations are calibrated so that the bot can jump in and out of trades to improve its position when there isn't significant price action one way or the other, but is then able to remain in positions during uptrends that are backed by volume to achieve maximum gains. This strategy is reflected by the fact that while profitable trades are almost 3 times larger than losing trades, on average, they also last for an average of 6 days, whereas losing trades usually last about 2.
[Pt] Premarket Breakout StrategyThis is a 1 trade per day strategy for trading SPY or QQQ index. By default, this is designed for 1 min time frame. This was an experimental script that seems to be profitable at the time of publication.
How it works:
Pre-market high and low is defined per trading day between 9:00 to 9:30 EST.
Then we looking for the first breakout on either PM high or PM low.
- Breakout high = long trade
- Breakout low = short trade
If long trade, we wait until Stochastic RSI D signal line to hit a lower threshold (18 by default). Then we enter long when K crosses above D line.
If short trade, we wait until Stochastic RSI D signal line to hit an upper threshold (82 by default). Then we enter short when K crosses below D line.
Stop loss for long
- set to PM low if entry is above PM high + %ATR buffer
- or set to PM range + %ATR buffer
Stop loss for short
- set to PM high if entry is below PM low + %ATR buffer
- or set to PM range + %ATR buffer
Profit target is set to 2x the risk by default.
*Note: Different Stochastic RSI lengths should be used if trading 5 min time frame. See tooltip.
Happy trading~~!
MZ Momentum Non Repainting HTF HFT Scalper BotThis is an original script meant to be a high frequency trader that works on higher time frame calculations. I came up with the idea that using calculus I can figure out the actual rate of change and momentum with different calculations than the momentum indicator that is provided by trading view. Once momentum is shifted on a small time frame, it will provide an entry signal. The script is meant to be used on an algorithmic trading system for scalping purposes. It should be run on a one minute time frame.
Set it up on a one minute chart - setup your bot on a one minute interval.
Find the source of your data. You can use any time frame, open, close. high, low, olc4. Open is pretty much guaranteed to not have any repainting issues - although all the other calcs use a custom isbarconfirmed security repaint calculation.
Set your rate of change period - typically I use a one minute time frame for this as well - but set my length fairly long (30-40).
Then set your period for momentum calculation. This will sample the rate of change data to figure out your momentum. I typically try a setting of 6-8. If that doesn't work, try setting it about the same as the rate of change period and add or subtract a few from there.
Unfortunately due to various plotting constraints in Pinescript, you cannot plot the rate of change and momentum and price in the same.
Set your trigger point. I try values -30, -20, -10, 0, 1. Then finesse to get an earlier entry signal. You should account for a slight delay from the signal to the actual entry. Your backtest should test well, but please note that does not gaurantee results. In my findings, I have seen that there is a slight minimal delay between signal to entry and that can make the difference whether your trade is profitable or not.
Use the show data to show you additional data when you are backtesting. This can allow you to try to filter out results or market conditions that do not work. I typically work with the RSI and use the 30 minute and 15 minute RSIs. I make sure that it is trading within a certain band - about 40-75. You can try the inverse and only buy during really low RSI's as well.
Use the enter and close messages to setup your webhook messages. But I recommend to allow the algo trading platform to close the trade for you based on their calcs since that platform knows the actual price level and when it has become profitable.
Filters have been setup for
Moving Average Variants - any time frame, any length.
RSI - Any time frame, any length,
Future Plans: ATR Filter so you can filter out low volatility periods.
Send me a message with any suggestions.
