FeraTrading Sessions High/LowThe FeraTradiang Sessions High/Low Indicator plots precise high and low levels for the New York, London, and Asian trading sessions — without any clutter.
We designed this tool for simplicity, clarity and accuracy, automatically adjusting to any timeframe and time zone — no manual setup required.
🔍 Key Features:
Clean horizontal lines marking session highs and lows
Lines start at the actual high/low
Session times:
New York: 09:30 – 17:00
London: 03:00 – 08:00
Asian: 18:00 – 03:00
Real-time updates that trail live candles
Only shows the most relevant sessions:
Yesterday’s NY
Last night’s Asia + morning continuation
Today’s London
Fully customizable:
Session colors
Session toggles
Label toggles
Line extension settings
Enable extended trading hours on your chart for best results.
Whether you're trading futures, forex, or crypto, this indicator provides clean session context without the mess. Open-source for extra customization and designed for real-time usability.
"low" için komut dosyalarını ara
0830-0845 High/Low Marker (Accurate Start + History)This indicator marks the high and low of the 15-minute candle between 08:30 and 08:45 (local time) of the trading session. The high and low are tracked dynamically, with the lines drawn once the 08:45 candle closes.
Key Features:
Session-based Tracking: Automatically tracks and records the high and low of the 15-minute period starting at 08:30 and ending at 08:45.
Excludes 08:45 High : If a high is created exactly at 08:45, the indicator will ignore it and use the highest value before 08:45, ensuring it only references the price action during the specified window.
Line Extension : The high and low lines are drawn and extended to the right for a user-defined number of bars, making them visible beyond the session's close.
Customizable Parameters : Adjust the start and end times of the session, line colors, and line width to fit your preferences.
Use Case :
Ideal for traders who focus on the price action during the early part of the trading session (08:30 to 08:45) and want to track significant levels of support and resistance from that period.
The extended lines help identify potential price zones for the rest of the session or the trading day.
Major Session Highs/LowsThis indicator creates horizontal lines at major session high/lows (US, London, and Asian). The script updates the lines automatically, on session close.
For instance, when viewing during the US session, after the London overlap, horizontal lines will be displayed at the following levels.
The high/low of the most recent London session.
The high/low of the most recent Asian session.
The high/low of the last full US session, i.e. the session of the day prior.
When the current US session closes, the US levels automatically update.
EMA 21 and SMA 50 Low ConditionsDescription:
This indicator highlights trend zones on a daily chart using the 21-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) and 50-day Simple Moving Average (SMA). It’s designed to identify bullish conditions with two distinct background colors:
• Green Background: Signals a strong bullish trend. Appears when the low of the candle stays above the 21 EMA for 3 or more consecutive days, with either the 3rd or 4th day closing higher than its open (an “up” day). The green zone persists until a candle closes below the 21 EMA.
• Yellow Background: Indicates a potential support zone. Triggers when the low of the candle remains above the 50 SMA after the green condition ends, suggesting the price is still holding above a longer-term average. The yellow zone lasts until a candle closes below the 50 SMA.
Features:
• Plots the 21 EMA (blue line) and 50 SMA (orange line) for visual reference.
• Uses background colors to mark trend zones, making it easy to spot bullish phases and support levels.
• Optimized for daily timeframes, ideal for swing traders or long-term trend followers.
How to Use:
1. Apply the indicator to a daily chart.
2. Watch for the green background to identify strong bullish momentum (lows holding above the 21 EMA with an up close confirmation).
3. Look for the yellow background as a sign of potential support after the short-term trend weakens (lows above the 50 SMA).
4. Exit zones are triggered by closes below the respective averages (21 EMA for green, 50 SMA for yellow).
Notes:
• Best used on symbols with sufficient historical data to ensure accurate EMA and SMA calculations.
• The indicator prioritizes the green condition over yellow—green will override if both could apply.
Author’s Intent:
Created to help traders visualize sustained bullish trends and key support levels using simple moving average rules. Perfect for confirming uptrends and monitoring pullbacks within a broader bullish context.
Exact High/Low IndicatorThis indicator identifies exact equal highs and lows between consecutive candles. If the current candle’s high matches the previous candle’s high (or low matches low), an arrow is plotted on the chart. The arrows disappear if any future candle break the identified high/low, thereby indicating that it is not an unmitigated liquidity pool any longer
Customizable options include:
Arrow size and color
Line thickness and color
Enable/disable plotting of arrows and lines
Offset the arrow so there is space between arrow and candle
Enhanced HHLL Time Confirmation with EMAStrong recommendation , remove the green and red circle , or leave it how it is ;)
To be used on 1 minute chart MSTR , Stock
other time frames are good , ;)
How to Use
HHLL Signals: Look for green triangles (buy) below bars or red triangles (sell) above bars to identify confirmed HH/LL setups with trend alignment.
EMA Signals: Watch for lime circles (buy) below bars or maroon circles (sell) above bars when price crosses the EMA 400 in a trending market.
Trend Context: Use the EMA 400 as a dynamic support/resistance level and the SMA trend filter to gauge market direction.
Enable alerts to get notified of signals in real-time.
Best Practices
Adjust the Lookback Period and Confirmation Minutes to suit your timeframe (e.g., shorter for scalping, longer for swing trading).
Combine with other indicators (e.g., volume, RSI) for additional confirmation.
Test on your preferred market and timeframe to optimize settings.
Indicator Description: Enhanced HHLL Time Confirmation with EMA
Overview
The "Enhanced HHLL Time Confirmation with EMA" is a versatile trading indicator designed to identify key reversal and continuation signals based on Higher Highs (HH), Lower Lows (LL), and a 400-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA). It incorporates time-based confirmation and trend filters to reduce noise and improve signal reliability. This indicator is ideal for traders looking to spot trend shifts or confirm momentum with a combination of price structure and moving average crossovers.
Key Features
Higher High / Lower Low Detection:
Identifies HH and LL based on a customizable lookback period (default: 30 bars).
Signals are confirmed only after a user-defined time period (in minutes, default: 60) has passed since the last HH or LL, ensuring stability.
Trend Filter:
Uses a fast (10-period) and slow (30-period) Simple Moving Average (SMA) crossover to confirm bullish or bearish trends.
Buy signals require a bullish trend (Fast SMA > Slow SMA), and sell signals require a bearish trend (Fast SMA < Slow SMA).
EMA 400 Integration:
Plots a 400-period EMA (customizable) as a long-term trend reference.
Generates additional buy/sell signals when price crosses above (buy) or below (sell) the EMA 400, filtered by trend direction.
Visualizations:
Optional dashed lines for HH and LL levels (toggleable).
Debug markers (diamonds) to visualize HH/LL detection points.
Distinct signal shapes: triangles for HHLL signals (green/red) and circles for EMA signals (lime/maroon).
Alerts:
Built-in alert conditions for HHLL Buy/Sell and EMA Buy/Sell signals, making it easy to stay informed of key events.
Input Parameters
Lookback Period (default: 30): Number of bars to look back for HH/LL detection.
Confirmation Minutes (default: 60): Time (in minutes) required to confirm HH/LL signals.
High/Low Source: Select the price source for HH (default: high) and LL (default: low).
Show HH/LL Lines (default: true): Toggle visibility of HH/LL dashed lines.
Show Debug Markers (default: true): Toggle HH/LL detection markers.
EMA Period (default: 400): Adjust the EMA length.
Essa - Yearly High, Low & MidYearly High, Low & Midpoint Indicator
This TradingView indicator helps traders track key yearly price levels by plotting the high, low, and midpoint values for each year within a user-specified range.
Features & Functionality:
Automatic Yearly Calculation: Determines the highest and lowest price for each year and computes the midpoint as their average.
Clear & Customisable Visuals:
The Yearly High is plotted as a solid green line.
The Yearly Low appears as a solid red line.
The Midpoint is displayed as a blue dashed line for easy distinction
Detailed Labels:
Each level is labeled at the far right of the chart, showing the year, level type (High, Low, or Mid), and price (e.g., 2016 High - 1.20000).
Labels are right-aligned in white, ensuring clear visibility against any background.
This indicator is perfect for traders who rely on long-term technical analysis, providing a quick and structured way to visualise significant yearly price levels.
Pre-London High-Low Breakout IndicatorOverview
The Pre-London High-Low Breakout Indicator helps traders identify breakout opportunities at the London session open. It marks the high and low one hour before London opens (5 PM - 6 PM AEST) and incorporates a 200 SMA filter to confirm trade direction. The indicator also provides real-time breakout markers for precise entries.
How the Indicator Works
1. Pre-London High & Low Identification (5 PM - 6 PM AEST)
The indicator tracks the highest and lowest price levels within this period.
These levels act as key breakout zones once London opens.
The high and low remain visible until 12 AM AEST for reference.
2. 200 SMA as a Trend Filter
A 200 SMA (yellow, thick line) is plotted to filter breakout trades.
Only long (buy) trades are valid if price is above the 200 SMA.
Only short (sell) trades are valid if price is below the 200 SMA.
3. Real-Time Breakout Confirmation
Buy Signal (Green Diamond):
Price breaks above the pre-London high.
Price is above the 200 SMA.
Sell Signal (Red Diamond):
Price breaks below the pre-London low.
Price is below the 200 SMA.
No signal appears if the breakout is against the SMA trend, reducing false trades.
How to Use the Indicator Properly
Step 1: Identify the Pre-London Range (5 PM - 6 PM AEST)
Observe price movements and note the session high & low.
Do not take trades within this period—wait for a clear breakout.
Step 2: Wait for a Breakout After 6 PM AEST
A breakout must occur beyond the session high or low.
The breakout should be clear and decisive, not hovering around the range.
Step 3: Confirm with the 200 SMA
If price is above the 200 SMA, only buy signals are valid.
If price is below the 200 SMA, only sell signals are valid.
If a breakout occurs against the SMA, ignore it.
Step 4: Enter the Trade and Manage Risk
Enter the trade after the breakout candle closes.
Set stop-loss just inside the pre-London range to minimize risk.
Take profit using a 1:2 or 1:3 risk-reward ratio, or trail the stop.
Why This Strategy Works
Pre-London Liquidity Grab: Institutional traders set positions before the London open, making this range significant.
Trend Confirmation with SMA: Reduces false breakouts by filtering trades in the direction of the trend.
Real-Time Breakout Detection: Green and red diamond markers highlight valid breakouts that meet all conditions.
Final Notes
If price breaks out but quickly reverses, it may be a false breakout—avoid impulsive trades.
The indicator works best when combined with other confluences such as volume analysis or key support/resistance levels.
Alerts can be added to notify traders when a valid breakout occurs.
This setup is ideal for traders looking for a structured, rule-based approach to trading London session breakouts with a strong trend confirmation mechanism.
Pre-Market High & LowIndicator: Pre-Market High & Low
This indicator tracks the high and low price levels of a stock during the pre-market session (4:00 AM - 9:30 AM EST), before the official market open. It dynamically updates during pre-market hours, identifying the highest and lowest prices reached. Once the pre-market session ends, these levels are saved and plotted on the chart as reference points for the regular market session.
Key Features:
Dynamic Updates: Continuously tracks the high and low during pre-market hours.
Visual Indicators: Plots horizontal lines representing the pre-market high (green) and low (red).
Post-Market Reference: Once pre-market ends, these levels remain visible for the regular market session as reference points for potential breakout or breakdown levels.
How to Use:
Use this indicator to identify potential breakout or breakdown levels that may happen at the market open.
The green line represents the highest price reached during pre-market, while the red line indicates the lowest price.
The indicator will stop updating once the pre-market session closes (9:30 AM EST) and will remain visible as reference levels throughout the trading day.
Ideal for:
Day traders looking for pre-market support and resistance levels.
Traders analyzing the initial market reaction based on pre-market price action.
Delta SMA 1-Year High/Low Strategy### Summary:
This Pine Script code implements a trading strategy based on the **Delta SMA (Simple Moving Average)** of buy and sell volumes over a 1-year lookback period. The strategy identifies potential buy and sell signals by analyzing the relationship between the Delta SMA and its historical high/low thresholds. Key features include:
1. **Delta Calculation**:
- The Delta is calculated as the difference between buy volume (when close > open) and sell volume (when close < open).
- A 14-period SMA is applied to the Delta to smooth the data.
2. **1-Year High/Low Thresholds**:
- The strategy calculates the 1-year high and low of the Delta SMA.
- Buy and sell conditions are derived from thresholds set at 70% of the 1-year low and 90% and 50% of the 1-year high, respectively.
3. **Buy Condition**:
- A buy signal is triggered when the Delta SMA crosses above 0 after being below 70% of the 1-year low.
4. **Sell Condition**:
- A sell signal is triggered when the Delta SMA drops below 60% of the 1-year high after crossing above 90% of the 1-year high.
5. **Visualization**:
- The Delta SMA and its thresholds are plotted on the chart for easy monitoring.
- Optional buy/sell signals can be plotted as labels on the chart.
This strategy is designed to capture trends in volume-based momentum over a long-term horizon, making it suitable for swing or position trading.
Prior Day High and Low RaysPrior Day High and Low Rays
This custom TradingView indicator projects rays from the prior day's high and low prices, helping you visualize key levels of support and resistance from the previous trading day. The rays extend to the right, continuing from the prior day's high and low throughout the current trading day.
Features:
Displays a ray starting at the prior day's high price.
Displays a ray starting at the prior day's low price.
Rays extend to the right and are only plotted for the immediate prior day.
Customizable ray color and width through the indicator settings.
Use Case:
Track important price levels from the previous day that can act as support or resistance.
Customize the appearance of the rays to match your chart's style and preferences.
This tool is designed for traders who want to incorporate prior day price action into their analysis and maintain a clean, customized chart display.
First 5-Minute Premarket High/Low Break RetestDay trading method that uses the 5 minute candle high and low but trade on the 1 minute chart.
This is a break and retest trading strategy based on the market open 5 minute high and low candle.
Additional levels would be the premarket high and low plotted in blue on the chart. It's not uncommon for the 5 minute to be near the premarket high and low zone.
The break and restest of the 5 minute white lines either to the downside or upside. Once a hammer or long wick candle forms near or touching the retest of the 5 minute line that indicates an entry point.
It's best to have another confirmation for entry such as the 13 and 100 ema cross to confirm good position and risk.
This is a repetable and solid trading strategy. The indicator was created to plot on the 1 and 5 minute charts.
CandelaCharts - Equal Highs/Lows (EQH/EQL) 📝 Overview
The Equal Highs/Lows indicator is a specialized tool for detecting equal highs and lows within price movements.
These levels hold importance as they frequently signal possible reversal zones or consolidation phases in the market. By leveraging Average True Range (ATR) thresholds, the indicator employs tailored settings to pinpoint these critical price levels with precision.
Visual Markings: Lines and labels highlight equal highs and lows directly on the chart.
Dynamic Adaptability: It adjusts in real time to market volatility, ensuring accurate level identification through ATR-based thresholds.
Equal Highs are not used as entry and exit points; instead, they are used as confirmation that the current market trend will reverse. This means that when an EQH is formed on a chart, traders can adapt a bearish bias and look for only short entries.
📦 Features
Key features of the indicator include:
Visual Markings: Lines and labels highlight equal highs and lows directly on the chart.
Dynamic Adaptability: It adjusts in real time to market volatility, ensuring accurate level identification through ATR-based thresholds.
Styling
⚙️ Settings
Show: Controls whether EQH/EQL are displayed on the chart.
Line Style: Controls the line type and line width
Bullish Color: Color of the bullish EQH/EQL
Bearish Color: Color of the bearish EQH/EQL
⚡️ Showcase
Short Term
Intermediate Term
Long Term
🚨 Alerts
This script provides alert options for all signals.
Bearish Signal
A bearish signal is triggered when the price forms an EQH.
Bullish Signal
A bullish signal is triggered when the price forms an EQL.
⚠️ Disclaimer
Trading involves significant risk, and many participants may incur losses. The content on this site is not intended as financial advice and should not be interpreted as such. Decisions to buy, sell, hold, or trade securities, commodities, or other financial instruments carry inherent risks and are best made with guidance from qualified financial professionals. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Previous 4-Hour High/Low Indicator Name: Previous 4-Hour High/Low Lines
Description:
This indicator highlights the high and low levels of the previous candle from a user-defined timeframe (default: 4 hours) and extends these levels both to the left and right across the chart. It allows traders to visualize key support and resistance levels from higher timeframes while analyzing lower timeframe charts.
Key Features:
• Customizable Timeframe: Select any timeframe (e.g., 4-hour, daily) to track the high and low of the previous candle.
• Dynamic Updates: The high and low levels update automatically with each new candle.
• Extended Levels: Lines extend both left and right, providing a clear reference for past and future price action.
• Overlay on Chart: The indicator works seamlessly on any timeframe, making it ideal for multi-timeframe analysis.
Use Case:
This tool is perfect for traders who rely on higher timeframe levels for setting entry/exit points, identifying potential breakout zones, or managing risk. By visualizing these levels directly on lower timeframe charts, traders can make informed decisions without switching between charts.
Previous High and Low Count with Probabilities + Risk On/Off1. Purpose of the Script:
This trading script combines two important concepts:
Previous High and Low Count: It tracks whether the current price exceeds the previous day’s high or low and calculates probabilities for the next price movement (up or down).
Risk On / Risk Off Indicator: It evaluates market sentiment through various indicators (such as the Fear & Greed Index, VIX, and others) and shows whether the market is in a risk-on or risk-off state. This information impacts the probabilities of price movement.
2. How it Works:
Previous High and Low:
The script tracks how often the price exceeds the previous day’s high or low and calculates the probability of an upward or downward movement based on that. This gives you an idea of how often the market reacts at the previous day's high or low.
Risk On / Risk Off:
Based on various market factors (Fear & Greed Index, VIX, Put-Call Ratio, etc.), the script calculates the Risk On or Risk Off state.
In Risk On, the probability of an upward movement increases, and the probability of a downward movement decreases. In Risk Off, it’s the opposite.
Adjusted Probabilities:
The probabilities for an Up or Down movement are adjusted based on the current Risk On / Risk Off state. In a Risk On environment, the probability for an upward move increases, while in a Risk Off environment, the probability for a downward move increases.
3. How to Use the Script:
Add the Script in TradingView:
TradingView:
Click on "Add to Chart" to apply the script to your chart.
Manual Input of Indicators:
For the Fear & Greed Index, VIX, and other indicators, you need to manually enter the current values. You can get these values from various publicly available sources:
Fear & Greed Index: CNN Fear & Greed Index
VIX (Volatility Index): VIX Index
Other indicators like Put-Call Ratio, Bitcoin Volatility, Oil Prices, and US Dollar Index can also be manually inputted, and they can be found on finance websites like Yahoo Finance, MarketWatch, and Bloomberg.
Observe the Colors and Symbols:
If the market is in a Risk On state, the background will turn green, and a green triangle will appear below the candle.
If the market is in a Risk Off state, the background will turn red, and a red triangle will appear above the candle.
Track the Probabilities:
A label will appear on the chart showing the calculated probabilities for Up and Down movements. These probabilities are adjusted based on the current market state (Risk On/Off).
4. Meaning of the Probabilities:
Up Probability: Indicates the probability that the price will rise.
Down Probability: Indicates the probability that the price will fall.
The probabilities are dynamic and adjust based on the Risk On / Risk Off state, helping you make better decisions based on the current market conditions.
Day High/Low and Horizontal Lines with Custom Increments How It Works:
Day High and Day Low: The indicator tracks and displays the highest and lowest prices of the current trading day. These values are updated dynamically throughout the day.
Custom Horizontal Lines: The user specifies a starting price and an increment value. The indicator then plots multiple horizontal lines above and below the starting price, spaced at the given increment. Up to 15 lines can be drawn in both directions (above and below).
Alerts: Alerts are triggered when the price crosses any of the horizontal lines, helping traders monitor potential breakouts or reversals.
Use Case:
This indicator is useful for traders who want to:
Track the Day High/Low: Easily reference the high and low of the current day as key price levels.
Monitor Key Price Levels: Draw and observe custom horizontal levels above and below a specific price, such as support/resistance levels or price targets.
Set Alerts: Receive notifications when the price crosses these key levels, helping identify potential breakout or breakdown points in the market.
Why Use This Indicator:
Day Trading: Traders can monitor the high and low of the current trading day to see if the price breaks through key levels.
Breakout Strategy: The custom horizontal lines provide reference points for potential breakout levels, with alerts helping traders act in real-time.
Support and Resistance: The plotted lines can represent predefined support or resistance levels, allowing traders to plan their entries and exits effectively.
The indicator gives a structured way to visualize price movements, highlight important price levels, and react quickly with alerts when the price crosses those levels.
First 5 Minutes Open/Close LinesThis very simple indicator paints lines at the high and low of the first 5m candle of the session. It is primarily intended for big cap NYSE traded stocks with high volume. I wrote this indicator to save me the trouble of manually drawing the lines each day.
The lines drawn at the 5m high/low will remain constant regardless of which timeframe you switch to. In the example screenshot, we are looking at the 1m timeframe. This helps us switch effortlessly between different timeframes to see if a given price movement meets our entry criteria.
In addition to drawing lines at the first 5m high/low, it will optionally paint two zones, one each around the high and low. The boundaries of this zone are configurable and expressed as a percentage of the total movement of the first 5m bar. By default, it is set to 25%.
This indicator is based on the concept that the first 5m bar always has massive volume which helps us infer that price may react around the extremes of that movement. The basic strategy works something like this:
- You identify the high timeframe (HTF) trend direction of the stock
- You wait for the first 5m candle of the session to close
- You wait for price to puncture through the outer boundary of the zone marked by the indicator.
- You enter when price retraces to the high, or low, which marks the midpoint of the punctured zone.
- Only enter long on stocks in a HTF uptrend, and short on stocks in an HTF downtrend.
- Use market structure to identify stop loss and take profit targets
Note: Use at your own risk. This indicator and the strategy described herein are not in any way financial advice, nor does the author of this script make any claims about the effectiveness of this strategy, which may depend highly on the discretion and skill of the trader executing it, among many other factors outside of the author's control. The author of this script accepts no liability, and is not responsible for any trading decisions that you may or may not make as a result of this indicator. You should expect to lose money if using this indicator.
2024 - Median High-Low % Change - Monthly, Weekly, DailyDescription:
This indicator provides a statistical overview of Bitcoin's volatility by displaying the median high-to-low percentage changes for monthly, weekly, and daily timeframes. It allows traders to visualize typical price fluctuations within each period, supporting range and volatility-based trading strategies.
How It Works:
Calculation of High-Low % Change: For each selected timeframe (monthly, weekly, and daily), the script calculates the percentage change from the high to the low price within the period.
Median Calculation: The median of these high-to-low changes is determined for each timeframe, offering a robust central measure that minimizes the impact of extreme price swings.
Table Display: At the end of the chart, the script displays a table in the top-right corner with the median values for each selected timeframe. This table is updated dynamically to show the latest data.
Usage Notes:
This script includes input options to toggle the visibility of each timeframe (monthly, weekly, and daily) in the table.
Designed to be used with Bitcoin on daily and higher timeframes for accurate statistical insights.
Ideal for traders looking to understand Bitcoin's typical volatility and adjust their strategies accordingly.
This indicator does not provide specific buy or sell signals but serves as an analytical tool for understanding volatility patterns.
High/Low Breakout Statistical Analysis StrategyThis Pine Script strategy is designed to assist in the statistical analysis of breakout systems on a monthly, weekly, or daily timeframe. It allows the user to select whether to open a long or short position when the price breaks above or below the respective high or low for the chosen timeframe. The user can also define the holding period for each position in terms of bars.
Core Functionality:
Breakout Logic:
The strategy triggers trades based on price crossing over (for long positions) or crossing under (for short positions) the high or low of the selected period (daily, weekly, or monthly).
Timeframe Selection:
A dropdown menu enables the user to switch between the desired timeframe (monthly, weekly, or daily).
Trade Direction:
Another dropdown allows the user to select the type of trade (long or short) depending on whether the breakout occurs at the high or low of the timeframe.
Holding Period:
Once a trade is opened, it is automatically closed after a user-defined number of bars, making it useful for analyzing how breakout signals perform over short-term periods.
This strategy is intended exclusively for research and statistical purposes rather than real-time trading, helping users to assess the behavior of breakouts over different timeframes.
Relevance of Breakout Systems:
Breakout trading systems, where trades are executed when the price moves beyond a significant price level such as the high or low of a given period, have been extensively studied in financial literature for their potential predictive power.
Momentum and Trend Following:
Breakout strategies are a form of momentum-based trading, exploiting the tendency of prices to continue moving in the direction of a strong initial movement after breaching a critical support or resistance level. According to academic research, momentum strategies, including breakouts, can produce returns above average market returns when applied consistently. For example, Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) demonstrated that stocks that performed well in the past 3-12 months continued to outperform in the subsequent months, suggesting that price continuation patterns, like breakouts, hold value .
Market Efficiency Hypothesis:
While the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) posits that markets are generally efficient, and it is difficult to outperform the market through technical strategies, some studies show that in less liquid markets or during specific times of market stress, breakout systems can capitalize on temporary inefficiencies. Taylor (2005) and other researchers have found instances where breakout systems can outperform the market under certain conditions.
Volatility and Breakouts:
Breakouts are often linked to periods of increased volatility, which can generate trading opportunities. Coval and Shumway (2001) found that periods of heightened volatility can make breakouts more significant, increasing the likelihood that price trends will follow the breakout direction. This correlation between volatility and breakout reliability makes it essential to study breakouts across different timeframes to assess their potential profitability .
In summary, this breakout strategy offers an empirical way to study price behavior around key support and resistance levels. It is useful for researchers and traders aiming to statistically evaluate the effectiveness and consistency of breakout signals across different timeframes, contributing to broader research on momentum and market behavior.
References:
Jegadeesh, N., & Titman, S. (1993). Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers: Implications for Stock Market Efficiency. Journal of Finance, 48(1), 65-91.
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1996). Multifactor Explanations of Asset Pricing Anomalies. Journal of Finance, 51(1), 55-84.
Taylor, S. J. (2005). Asset Price Dynamics, Volatility, and Prediction. Princeton University Press.
Coval, J. D., & Shumway, T. (2001). Expected Option Returns. Journal of Finance, 56(3), 983-1009.
ka66: FX Sessions High/LowThis indicator is specific to the 24-hour Forex Market. It provides 2 features:
Demarcating forex sessions with open and close lines. Note that looking at various sources online, we use the convention that the Asia session starts with the Tokyo market open, rather than the earlier Sydney session. Presumably this is better since we then have more liquidity in the market. Note that we have three sessions: Asia, London, New York.
At the end of each session, we begin plotting that (closed) session's high and low, which acts as a natural support and resistance for the Forex market. This is the key feature it provides. The first feature is mainly there for a visual guide, which can be turned off via the UI settings, but it certainly helps verifying the logic!
For more background, we are taking the idea of Previous Day High/Low (PDH/PDL), but adjusting it to a multi-session market like Forex. In essence, this is is a "Previous Session High/Low" indicator.
PDH/PDL works fine when you have a market with Regular Trading Hours, ignoring Extended Hours. However, in the Forex market, each session can have differing sentiments, e.g. we often see say London bringing prices up, and New York bringing them back down.
The break of session high/lows (or bouncing off them) can reflect where the potential direction price is going to take.
I also categorised this as a Sentiment indicator, because support and resistance areas where prices react do provide the sentiment of the market. They aren't just lines, they are prices of interest to major players.
Equal Highs & Lows [UAlgo]
🔶 Description:
The "Equal Highs/Lows " indicator is designed to identify equal highs and lows within price action. These levels are significant as they often indicate potential reversal points or areas of consolidation in the market. The indicator is based on specific settings and utilizes the concept of Average True Range (ATR) to determine thresholds for identifying these key price levels.
The indicator plots lines and labels to mark equal highs and lows on the price chart.
It dynamically adjusts to changes in market volatility by utilizing ATR-based thresholds.
🔶 Settings:
Pivot Length: Determines the number of bars used to identify pivot highs and lows.
ATR Length to calculate threshold: Specifies the length of the ATR used to calculate the threshold for determining equal highs and lows.
Threshold: Sets the percentage threshold used in conjunction with ATR to identify equal highs and lows.
Wait For Confirmation: When enabled, the indicator waits for confirmation by considering pivots beyond (considers right length bars while calcuation pivot points) the specified length.
While "Wait For Confirmation" is enabled, EQH / EQL Lines will appear after "Pivot Length" after for confirmation
While "Wait For Confirmation" is disabled, EQH / EQL Lines will appear immediately if it meets the requirements to create EQH or EQL as soon as the candle closes.
🔶 Disclaimer:
"Equal Highs/Lows " is provided for informational and educational purposes only. Trading involves risks, and users should exercise caution and perform their own analysis before making any trading decisions based on this indicator. The creator of the indicator, UAlgo, does not guarantee the accuracy or reliability of the indicator, and usage of this indicator is at the user's own risk.
Cumulative Volume Price (Candle Body, High-Low)Indicator Description: Cumulative Volume Price (Candle Body, High Low)
This indicator features three cumulative plots that continuously accumulate values over time.
Cumulative Volume Plot:
The first plot displays the cumulative volume, calculated by continuously adding the volume values from zero.
Cumulative Candle Body Width Plot:
The second plot displays the cumulative width of the candle bodies, obtained by continuously adding the actual body widths from zero.
Cumulative Candle High-Low Width Plot:
The third plot displays the cumulative width of the candle high-low ranges, calculated by continuously adding the widths between the high and low prices from zero.
Usage Guidelines:
Due to the different orders of magnitude in value range used for volume and candlesticks, it is advisable to typically select and display any single plot.
説明
このインジケーターは、時間の経過とともに値を累積し続ける3つのプロットを備えています。
累積ボリューム:
ボリュームの値をゼロから累積的に加算しています。
ローソク足の累積実体幅:
ローソク足の実体幅の値をゼロから累積的に加算しています。
ローソク足の累積高安幅:
ローソク足の高安の幅の値をゼロから累積的に表示しています。
使用ガイドライン:
ボリュームとローソク足で使用する数値のオーダーが異なるため、通常は任意の一本を選択して表示することを想定しています。
Opening/Closing Highs and LowsDescription:
This indicator tracks the daily, monthly, and yearly opening, closing, highs, and lows in the stock market. It's designed to display crucial price points within different time frames, aiding traders in assessing significant market movements.
Features:
Daily View: Shows the opening, closing, highest, and lowest prices within each trading day.
Monthly Overview: Highlights the monthly opening, closing, highs, and lows to offer insights into broader market trends.
Yearly Perspective: Presents the annual opening, closing, highs, and lows, aiding in long-term market analysis.
How to Use:
Daily Analysis: Monitor daily fluctuations and spot intraday trends by observing the daily opening/closing ranges.
Monthly Trends: Identify monthly patterns by reviewing the monthly opening/closing levels.
Yearly Insights: Gain a broader perspective on yearly market movements by analyzing the annual highs and lows
