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Intrabar Efficiency Ratio█   OVERVIEW This indicator displays a directional variant of Perry​ Kaufman's​ Efficiency​ Ratio​, designed to gauge the "efficiency" of intrabar price movement by comparing the sum of movements of the lower timeframe bars composing a chart bar with the respective bar's movement on an average basis. █   CONCEPTS Efficiency Ratio (ER) Efficiency Ratio ​ was first introduced by Perry Kaufman in his 1995 book, titled "Smarter Trading". It is the ratio of absolute price change to the sum of absolute changes on each bar over a period. This tells us how strong the period's trend is relative to the underlying noise. Simply put, it's a measure of price movement efficiency. This ratio is the modulator utilized in Kaufman's​ Adaptive​ Moving​ Average​ (KAMA​), which is essentially an Exponential​ Moving​ Average​ (EMA​) that adapts its responsiveness to movement efficiency. ER's output is bounded between 0 and 1. A value of 0 indicates that the starting price equals the ending price for the period, which suggests that price movement was maximally inefficient. A value of 1 indicates that price had travelled no more than the distance between the starting price and the ending price for the period, which suggests that price movement was maximally efficient. A value between 0 and 1 indicates that price had travelled a distance greater than the distance between the starting price and the ending price for the period. In other words, some degree of noise was present which resulted in reduced efficiency over the period. As an example, let's say that the price of an asset had moved from $15 to $14 by the end of a period, but the sum of absolute changes for each bar of data was $4. ER would be calculated like so: ER = abs(14 - 15)/4 = 0.25 This suggests that the trend was only 25% efficient over the period, as the total distanced travelled by price was four times what was required to achieve the change over the period. Intrabars Intrabars are chart bars at a lower timeframe than the chart's. Each 1H chart bar of a 24x7 market will, for example, usually contain 60 intrabars at the ​LTF of 1min, provided there was market activity during each minute of the hour. Mining information from intrabars can be useful in that it offers traders visibility on the activity inside a chart bar. Lower timeframes (LTFs) A lower timeframe is a timeframe that is smaller than the chart's timeframe. This script determines which ​LTF to use by examining the chart's timeframe. The ​LTF determines how many intrabars are examined for each chart bar; the lower the timeframe, the more intrabars are analyzed, but fewer chart bars can display indicator information because there is a limit to the total number of intrabars that can be analyzed. Intrabar precision The precision of calculations increases with the number of intrabars analyzed for each chart bar. As there is a 100K limit to the number of intrabars that can be analyzed by a script, a trade-off occurs between the number of intrabars analyzed per chart bar and the chart bars for which calculations are possible. Intrabar Efficiency Ratio (IER) Intrabar Efficiency Ratio applies the concept of ER on an intrabar level. Rather than comparing the overall change to the sum of bar changes for the current chart's timeframe over a period, IER compares single bar changes for the current chart's timeframe to the sum of absolute intrabar changes, then applies smoothing to the result. This gives an indication of how efficient changes are on the current chart's timeframe for each bar of data relative to LTF​ bar changes on an average basis. Unlike the standard ER calculation, we've opted to preserve directional information by not taking the absolute value of overall change, thus allowing it to be utilized as a momentum oscillator. However, by taking the absolute value of this oscillator, it could potentially serve as a replacement for ER in the design of adaptive moving averages. Since this indicator preserves directional information, IER can be regarded as similar to the Chande​ Momentum​ Oscillator​ (CMO​) , which was presented in 1994 by Tushar​ Chande​ in "The New Technical Trader". Both CMO​ and ER​ essentially measure the same relationship between trend and noise. CMO simply differs in scale, and considers the direction of overall changes. █   FEATURES Display Three different display types are included within the script:  • Line : Displays the middle length MA of the IER as a line .   Color for this display can be customized via the "Line" portion of the "Visuals" section in the script settings.  • Candles : Displays the non-smooth IER and two moving averages of different lengths as candles .   The `open` and `close` of the candle are the longest and shortest length MAs of the IER respectively.   The `high` and `low` of the candle are the max and min of the IER, longest length MA of the IER, and shortest length MA of the IER respectively.   Colors for this display can be customized via the "Candles" portion of the "Visuals" section in the script settings.  • Circles : Displays three MAs of the IER as circles .   The color of each plot depends on the percent rank of the respective MA over the previous 100 bars.   Different colors are triggered when ranks are below 10%, between 10% and 50%, between 50% and 90%, and above 90%.   Colors for this display can be customized via the "Circles" portion of the "Visuals" section in the script settings. With either display type, an optional information box can be displayed. This box shows the LTF​ that the script is using, the average number of lower timeframe bars per chart bar, and the number of chart bars that contain LTF​ data. Specifying intrabar precision Ten options are included in the script to control the number of intrabars used per chart bar for calculations. The greater the number of intrabars per chart bar, the fewer chart bars can be analyzed. The first five options allow users to specify the approximate amount of chart bars to be covered:  • Least Precise (Most chart bars) : Covers all chart bars by dividing the current timeframe by four.   This ensures the highest level of intrabar precision while achieving complete coverage for the dataset.  • Less Precise (Some chart bars) & More Precise (Less chart bars) : These options calculate a stepped ​LTF in relation to the current chart's timeframe.  • Very precise (2min intrabars) : Uses the second highest quantity of intrabars possible with the 2min ​LTF.  • Most precise (1min intrabars) : Uses the maximum quantity of intrabars possible with the 1min ​LTF. The stepped lower timeframe for "Less Precise" and "More Precise" options is calculated from the current chart's timeframe as follows: Chart Timeframe Lower Timeframe Less Precise More Precise < 1hr 1min 1min < 1D 15min 1min < 1W ​2hr​ 30min > 1W 1D 60min The last five options allow users to specify an approximate fixed number of intrabars to analyze per chart bar. The available choices are 12, 24, 50, 100, and 250. The script will calculate the LTF​ which most closely approximates the specified number of intrabars per chart bar. Keep in mind that due to factors such as the length of a ticker's sessions and rounding of the LTF​, it is not always possible to produce the exact number specified. However, the script will do its best to get as close to the value as possible. Specifying MA type Seven MA types are included in the script for different averaging effects:  • Simple  • Exponential  • Wilder (RMA)  • Weighted  • Volume-Weighted  • Arnaud Legoux with `offset` and `sigma` set to 0.85 and 6 respectively.  • Hull Weighting This script includes the option to weight IER values based on the percent rank of absolute price changes on the current chart's timeframe over a specified period, which can be enabled by checking the "Weigh using relative close changes" option in the script settings. This places reduced emphasis on IER values from smaller changes, which may help to reduce noise in the output. █   FOR Pine Script™ CODERS  • This script imports the recently published lower_ltf library for calculating intrabar statistics and the optimal lower timeframe in relation to the current chart's timeframe.  • This script uses the recently released request.security_lower_tf() Pine Script™ function discussed in this blog post .   It works differently from the usual request.security() in that it can only be used on LTFs, and it returns an array containing one value per intrabar.   This makes it much easier for programmers to access intrabar information.  • This script implements a new recommended best practice for tables which works faster and reduces memory consumption.   Using this new method, tables are declared only once with var , as usual. Then, on the first bar only, we use table.cell() to populate the table.   Finally, table.set_*() functions are used to update attributes of table cells on the last bar of the dataset.   This greatly reduces the resources required to render tables. Look first. Then leap.
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Position Tool█   OVERVIEW This script is an interactive measurement tool that can be used to evaluate or keep track of trades. Like the long and short position drawing tools, it calculates a risk reward ratio and a risk-adjusted position size from the entry, stop and take profit levels, but it also does much more:  • It can be used to configure long or short trades.  • All monetary values can be expressed in any number of currencies.  • The value of tick/pip movement (which varies with the position's size) is displayed in the currency you have selected.  • The ​CAGR ( Compound Annual Growth Rate ) for the trade can be displayed.  • It does live tracking of the position.  • You can configure alerts on entries and exits. █  HOW TO USE IT Load the indicator on an active chart (see here if you don't know how). When you first load this script on a chart, you will enter an interactive selection mode where the script asks you to pick three points in price and time on your chart by clicking on the chart. Directions will appear in a blue box at the bottom of the screen with each click of the mouse. The first selection is the entry point for the trade you are considering, which takes into account both the time and level you choose, the next are the take profit and stop levels. Once you have selected all three points, the script will draw trade zones and labels containing the trade metrics. The script determines if the trade is a long or short from the position of the take profit and stop loss levels in relation to the entry price. If the take profit level is above the entry price, the stop must be below and vice versa, otherwise an error occurs. You can change levels by dragging the handles that appear when you select the indicator, or by entering new values in the script's settings. The only way to re-enter interactive mode is to re-add the indicator to your chart. Once you place the position tool on a chart, it will appear at the same levels on all symbols you use. If your scale is not set to "Scale price chart only", the position tool's levels will be taken into account when scaling the chart, which can cause the symbol's bars to be compressed. If your scale is set to "Scale price chart only", the position tool will still be there, but it will not impact the scale of the chart's bars, so you won't see it if it sits outside the symbol's price scale. If you select the position tool on your chart and delete it, this will also delete the indicator from the chart. You will need to re-add it if you want to draw another position tool. You can add multiple instances of the indicator if you need a position tool on more than one of your charts. █   FEATURES Display The position tool displays the following information for entries:  • The entry's price level with an '@' sign before it.  • Open or Closed P&L : For an open trade, the "Open P&L" displays the difference in money value between the entry level and the chart's current price.   For a closed trade, the "Closed P&L" displays the realized P&L on the trade.  • Quantity : The trade size, which takes into account the risk tolerance you set in the script's settings.  • RR : The reward to risk ratio expresses the relationship of the distance between the entry and the take profit level vs the entry and the stop level.   Example: A $100 stop with a $100 target will have a ratio of 1:1, whereas a $200 target with the same stop will have a 2:1 ratio.  • Per tick/pip : Represents the money value of a tick or pip movement.  • CAGR : The Compound Annual Growth Rate will be displayed on the main order label on trades that exceed one day in duration.   This value is calculated the same way as in our CAGR Custom Range indicator.   If the trade duration is less than one day, the metric will not be present in the display. The stop and take profit levels display:  • Their price level with an '@' sign before it.  • Their distance from the entry in money value, percentage and ticks/pips.  • The projected end money value of the position if the level is reached. These values are calculated based on the trade size and the currency. Currency adjustments This indicator modifies the trade label's colors and values based on the final Profit and Loss (P&L), which considers the dynamic exchange rate between base and conversion currencies in its calculations when the conversion currency is a specified value other than the default. Depending on the cross rate between the base and account currencies, this process can yield a negative P&L on an otherwise successful simulated trade. For instance, if your account is in currency XYZ, you might buy 10 Apple shares at $150 each, with the XYZ to USD exchange rate being 2:1. This purchase would cost you 3000 units of XYZ. Suppose that later on, the shares appreciate to $170 each, and you decide to sell. One might expect this trade to result in profit. However, if the exchange rate has now equalized to 1:1, the return on selling the shares, calculated in XYZ, would only be 1700 units, resulting in a loss of 1300 units XYZ. The indicator will mark the P&L and the target labels in red in such cases, regardless of whether the market price reached the profit target, as the trade produced a net loss due to reduced funds after currency conversion. Conversely, an otherwise unsuccessful position can result in a net profit in the account currency due to conversion rate fluctuations. The final losses or gains appear in the label metrics, and the corresponding color coding reflects the trade's success or failure. Settings The settings in the "Trade sizing" section are used to calculate the position size and the monetary value of trades. Two types of risk can be chosen from the menu; a percentage based risk calculation, or a fixed money value. The risk is used to calculate the quantity of units to purchase to achieve that level of risk exposure. Example: An account size of $1000 and 10% risk will have a projected end amount of $900 if the stop loss is hit. The quantity is a product of this relationship; a projected number of units to allow for the equivalent of $100 of risk exposure over the change in price from the entry to the stop value. The "Trade levels" allow you to manually set the entry, take profit and stop levels of an existing position tool on your chart. You can control the appearance of the tool and the values it displays in the settings following these first two sections. Alerts Three alerts that will trigger when you configure an alert on this indicator. The first will send an alert when the entry price is breached by price action if that price has not already been breached in the previous price history. This is dependant on the entry location you select when placing the indicator on the chart. The other two alerts will trigger when either the stop loss or the take profit level is breached to signal that a trade exit has occurred. █   NOTES FOR Pine Script™ CODERS  • Interactive inputs are implemented for input.time() and input.price() . These specialized input functions allow users to interact with a script.   You can create one interactive input for both time and price values by using the same `inline` argument in a pair of input.time() and input.price() function calls.  • We use the `cagr()` function from our ta library.  • The script uses the runtime.error() function to throw an error if the stop and limit prices are not placed on opposing sides of the entry price.  • We use the `currency` parameter in a request.security() call to convert currencies. Look first. Then leap.
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Chart CAGR█  OVERVIEW This simple script displays in the lower-right corner of the chart the Growth Rate and the Compound Annual Growth Rate (​CAGR) between the open of the chart's first visible bar and the close of its last bar. As you zoom/scroll the chart, calculations will adjust to the chart's bars. You can change the location and colors of the displayed text in the script's settings. If you need to calculate the ​CAGR between any two points on the chart, see our CAGR Custom Range indicator. █  FOR Pine Script™ CODERS Like our Chart VWAP publication, this script calculates on the range of visible bars utilizing the new Pine Script™ functions announced here and the VisibleChart library by PineCoders . It also uses the `cagr()` function from our ta library, which was recently augmented with many new functions. Look first. Then leap.
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Chart VWAP█   OVERVIEW This indicator displays a ​Volume-Weighted Average Price anchored to the leftmost visible bar of the chart. It dynamically recalculates when the chart's visible bars change because you scroll or zoom your chart. If you are not already familiar with ​VWAP, our Help Center will get you started. The typical ​VWAP is designed to be used on intraday charts, as it resets at the beginning of the day. Our Rolling ​VWAP , instead, resets on a rolling time window. You may also find the VWAP Auto Anchored built-in indicator worth a try. █   HOW TO USE IT Load the indicator on an active chart (see the Help Center if you don't know how). By default, it displays the chart's ​VWAP in orange and a simple average of the chart's visible close values in gray. This average can be used as a companion to the ​VWAP, since both are calculated from the same set of bars. The script's settings allow you to hide it. You may also use the script's settings to enable the display of the chart's OHLC (open, high, low, close) levels and the values of the high and low. These are also calculated from the range of visible bars. You can complement the high and low lines with their price and their distance in percent from the chart's latest visible close . You can use the levels to quickly identify the distances from extreme points in the visible price range, as well as observe the visible chart's beginning and end prices. █   NOTES FOR Pine Script™ CODERS This script showcases three novelties:  • Dynamic recalculation on visible bars  • The VisibleChart library by PineCoders  • The new `anchor` parameter of ta.vwap() Dynamic recalculation on visible bars This script behaves in a novel way made possible by the recent introduction of two new built-in variables: chart.left_visible_bar_time and chart.right_visible_bar_time , which return the opening time of the leftmost and rightmost visible bars on the chart. These are only two of many new built-ins in the `chart.*` namespace. See this blog post for more information, or look up them up by typing "chart." in the Pine Script™ Reference Manual . Any script using chart.left_visible_bar_time or chart.right_visible_bar_time acquires a unique property, which triggers its recalculation when traders scroll or zoom their chart, causing the range of visible bars to change. This new capability is what makes it possible for this script to calculate its ​VWAP on the chart's visible bars only, and dynamically recalculate if the user scrolls or zooms their chart. This script is just a start to the party; endless uses for indicators that redraw on changes to the chart will no doubt emerge through the hands of our community's Pine Script™ programmers. The VisibleChart library by PineCoders The newly published VisibleChart library is designed to help programmers benefit from the new capabilities made possible by the fact that Pine Script™ code can now tell when it is executing on visible bars. The library's description, functions and example code will help programmers make the most of the new feature. This script uses three of the library's functions:  • `PCvc.vVwap()` calculates a ​VWAP for visible bars. ​​​​ • `PCvc.​avg()` calculates the average of a source value for visible bars only. We use it to calculate the average close (the default source).  • `PCvc.chartXTimePct(25)` calculates a time value corresponding to 25% of the horizontal distance between visible bars, starting from the left. The new `anchor` parameter of ta.vwap() Our script also uses this new `anchor` parameter to reset the ​VWAP at the leftmost visible bar. See how simple the code is for the VisibleChart library's `vVwap()` function. Look first. Then leap.
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Polarity Divergences█   OVERVIEW This indicator looks at the polarity of the intrabars composing a chart bar and fills chart candles orange when a majority of intrabars does not have the same polarity as that of the chart bar. █   CONCEPTS Bar polarity By bar polarity , we mean the direction of a bar, which is determined by looking at the bar's close vs its open . Intrabars Intrabars are chart bars at a lower timeframe than the chart's. Each 1H chart bar of a 24x7 market will, for example, usually contain 60 bars at the lower timeframe of 1min, provided there was market activity during each minute of the hour. Mining information from intrabars can be useful in that it offers traders visibility on the activity inside a chart bar. Lower timeframes (LTFs) A lower timeframe is a timeframe that is smaller than the chart's timeframe. This script determines which ​LTF to use by examining the chart's timeframe. The ​LTF determines how many intrabars are examined for each chart bar; the lower the timeframe, the more intrabars are analyzed. This table shows which ​LTF is used for each range of chart timeframes: Chart TF ​LTF < 1D 1min < 1W 30min >= 1W 1D █   HOW TO USE IT The idea underlying this indicator is that if the polarity of a chart bar is up or down, the majority of its constituent intrabars should also be up or down. If that is not the case, then we can consider the bar to be abnormal, and so worthy of our attention. You will notice that such anomalies often occur before reversals, but irregularities do not necessarily announce reversals, as they also occur on pauses in trends or in trend-less conditions. The indicator will update in real time, as intrabars composing the realtime chart bar are gradually built. The closer the realtime bar is to being closed, the more reliable the result will be, as that is when the indicator can analyze the most intrabars. █   NOTES FOR Pine Script™ CODERS This script uses the recently released request.security_lower_tf() Pine Script™ function discussed in this blog post . It works differently from the usual request.security() in that it can only be used at LTFs, and it returns an array containing one value per intrabar. This makes it much easier for programmers to access intrabar information. A script can access a maximum of 100K intrabars; that is the reason we step the ​LTF by taking into account the chart's timeframe. By progressively increasing the ​LTF as the chart's timeframe increases, we provide users with optimal coverage of the chart bars. Always using a 1min ​LTF would, for example, limit the chart coverage to the last 69 bars on a 1D chart of a 24x7 market because each chart bar will usually contain 1440 intrabars (100K / 1440 = 69.4). By using a 30min ​LTF for 1D charts, we cover 100K / 48 = 2083 bars. Look first. Then leap.
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Rolling VWAP█   OVERVIEW This indicator displays a Rolling Volume-Weighted Average Price. Contrary to VWAP indicators which reset at the beginning of a new time segment, RVWAP calculates using a moving window defined by a time period (not a simple number of bars), so it never resets. █   CONCEPTS If you are not already familiar with ​VWAP, our Help Center will get you started. The typical VWAP is designed to be used on intraday charts, as it resets at the beginning of the day. Such VWAPs cannot be used on daily, weekly or monthly charts. Instead, this rolling VWAP uses a time period that automatically adjusts to the chart's timeframe. You can thus use RVWAP on any chart that includes ​volume information in its data feed. Because RVWAP uses a moving window, it does not exhibit the jumpiness of VWAP plots that reset. You can see the more jagged VWAP on the chart above. We think both can be useful to traders; up to you to decide which flavor works for you. █   HOW TO USE IT Load the indicator on an active chart (see the Help Center if you don't know how). Time period By default, the script uses an auto-stepping mechanism to adjust the time period of its moving window to the chart's timeframe. The following table shows chart timeframes and the corresponding time period used by the script. When the chart's timeframe is less than or equal to the timeframe in the first column, the second column's time period is used to calculate RVWAP: Chart Time timeframe period 1min 🠆 1H 5min 🠆 4H 1H 🠆 1D 4H 🠆 3D 12H 🠆 1W 1D 🠆 1M 1W 🠆 ​3M You can use the script's inputs to specify a fixed time period, which you can express in any combination of days, hours and minutes. By default, the time period currently used is displayed in the lower-right corner of the chart. The script's inputs allow you to hide the display or change its size and location. Minimum Window Size This input field determines the minimum number of values to keep in the moving window, even if these values are outside the prescribed time period. This mitigates situations where a large time gap between two bars would cause the time window to be empty, which can occur in non-24x7 markets where large time gaps may separate contiguous chart bars, namely across holidays or trading sessions. For example, if you were using a 1D time period and there is a two-day gap between two bars, then no chart bars would fit in the moving window after the gap. The default value is 10 bars. █   NOTES If you are interested in VWAP indicators, you may find the VWAP Auto Anchored built-in indicator worth a try. For Pine Script™ coders The heart of this script's calculations uses the `totalForTimeWhen()` function from the ConditionalAverages library published by PineCoders . It works by maintaining an array of values included in a time period, but without a for loop requiring a lookback from the current bar, so it is much more efficient. We write our Pine Script™ code using the recommendations in the User Manual's Style Guide . Look first. Then leap.
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Strategy█   OVERVIEW This library is a Pine Script™ programmer’s tool containing a variety of strategy-related functions to assist in calculations like profit and loss, stop losses and limits. It also includes several useful functions one can use to convert between units in ticks, price, currency or a percentage of the position's size. █  CONCEPTS The library contains three types of functions: 1 — Functions beginning with `percent` take either a portion of a price, or the current position's entry price and convert it to the value outlined in the function's documentation.   Example: Converting a percent of the current position entry price to ticks, or calculating a percent profit at a given level for the position. 2 — Functions beginning with `tick` convert a tick value to another form.   These are useful for calculating a price or currency value from a specified number of ticks. 3 — Functions containing `Level` are used to calculate a stop or take profit level using an offset in ticks from the current entry price.   These functions can be used to plot stop or take profit levels on the chart, or as arguments to the `limit` and `stop` parameters in strategy.exit() function calls.   Note that these calculated levels flip automatically with the position's bias.   For example, using `ticksToStopLevel()` will calculate a stop level under the entry price for a long position, and above the entry price for a short position. There are also two functions to assist in calculating a position size using the entry's stop and a fixed risk expressed as a percentage of the current account's equity. By varying the position size this way, you ensure that entries with different stop levels risk the same proportion of equity. █  NOTES Example code using some of the library's functions is included at the end of the library. To see it in action, copy the library's code to a new script in the Pine Editor, and “Add to chart”. For each trade, the code displays:  • The entry level in orange.  • The stop level in fuchsia.  • The take profit level in green. The stop and take profit levels automatically flip sides based on whether the current position is long or short. Labels near the last trade's levels display the percentages used to calculate them, which can be changed in the script's inputs. We plot markers for entries and exits because strategy code in libraries does not display the usual markers for them. Look first. Then leap. █  FUNCTIONS percentToTicks(percent) Converts a percentage of the average entry price to ticks.   Parameters:      percent : (series int/float) The percentage of `strategy.position_avg_price` to convert to ticks. 50 is 50% of the entry price.   Returns: (float) A value in ticks. percentToPrice(percent) Converts a percentage of the average entry price to a price.   Parameters:      percent : (series int/float) The percentage of `strategy.position_avg_price` to convert to price. 50 is 50% of the entry price.   Returns: (float) A value in the symbol's quote currency (USD for BTCUSD). percentToCurrency(price, percent) Converts the percentage of a price to money.   Parameters:      price : (series int/float) The symbol's price.      percent : (series int/float) The percentage of `price` to calculate.   Returns: (float) A value in the symbol's currency. percentProfit(exitPrice) Calculates the profit (as a percentage of the position's `strategy.position_avg_price` entry price) if the trade is closed at `exitPrice`.   Parameters:      exitPrice : (series int/float) The potential price to close the position.   Returns: (float) Percentage profit for the current position if closed at the `exitPrice`. priceToTicks(price) Converts a price to ticks.   Parameters:      price : (series int/float) Price to convert to ticks.   Returns: (float) A quantity of ticks. ticksToPrice(price) Converts ticks to a price offset from the average entry price.   Parameters:      price : (series int/float) Ticks to convert to a price.   Returns: (float) A price level that has a distance from the entry price equal to the specified number of ticks. ticksToCurrency(ticks) Converts ticks to money.   Parameters:      ticks : (series int/float) Number of ticks.   Returns: (float) Money amount in the symbol's currency. ticksToStopLevel(ticks) Calculates a stop loss level using a distance in ticks from the current `strategy.position_avg_price` entry price. This value can be plotted on the chart, or used as an argument to the `stop` parameter of a `strategy.exit()` call. NOTE: The stop level automatically flips based on whether the position is long or short.   Parameters:      ticks : (series int/float) The distance in ticks from the entry price to the stop loss level.   Returns: (float) A stop loss level for the current position. ticksToTpLevel(ticks) Calculates a take profit level using a distance in ticks from the current `strategy.position_avg_price` entry price. This value can be plotted on the chart, or used as an argument to the `limit` parameter of a `strategy.exit()` call. NOTE: The take profit level automatically flips based on whether the position is long or short.   Parameters:      ticks : (series int/float) The distance in ticks from the entry price to the take profit level.   Returns: (float) A take profit level for the current position. calcPositionSizeByStopLossTicks(stopLossTicks, riskPercent) Calculates the position size needed to implement a given stop loss (in ticks) corresponding to `riskPercent` of equity.   Parameters:      stopLossTicks : (series int) The stop loss (in ticks) that will be used to protect the position.      riskPercent : (series int/float) The maximum risk level as a percent of current equity (`strategy.equity`).   Returns: (int) A quantity of contracts. calcPositionSizeByStopLossPercent(stopLossPercent, riskPercent, entryPrice) Calculates the position size needed to implement a given stop loss (%) corresponding to `riskPercent` of equity.   Parameters:      stopLossPercent : (series int/float) The stop loss in percent that will be used to protect the position.      riskPercent : (series int/float) The maximum risk level as a percent of current equity (`strategy.equity`).      entryPrice : (series int/float) The entry price of the position.   Returns: (int) A quantity of contracts. exitPercent(id, lossPercent, profitPercent, qty, qtyPercent, comment, when, alertMessage) A wrapper of the `strategy.exit()` built-in which adds the possibility to specify loss & profit in as a value in percent. NOTE: this function may work incorrectly with pyramiding turned on due to the use of `strategy.position_avg_price` in its calculations of stop loss and take profit offsets.   Parameters:      id : (series string) The order identifier of the `strategy.exit()` call.      lossPercent : (series int/float) Stop loss as a percent of the entry price.      profitPercent : (series int/float) Take profit as a percent of the entry price.      qty : (series int/float) Number of contracts/shares/lots/units to exit a trade with. The default value is `na`.      qtyPercent : (series int/float) The percent of the position's size to exit a trade with. If `qty` is `na`, the default value of `qty_percent` is 100.      comment : (series string) Optional. Additional notes on the order.      when : (series bool) Condition of the order. The order is placed if it is true.      alertMessage : (series string) An optional parameter which replaces the {{strategy.order.alert_message}} placeholder when it is used in the "Create Alert" dialog box's "Message" field.
Pine Script® kütüphanesi
TradingView tarafından
33
Commitment of Traders: Legacy Metrics█  OVERVIEW This indicator displays the Commitment of Traders (​COT) legacy data for futures markets. █  CONCEPTS Commitment of Traders ​(​COT) data is tallied by the Commodity ​Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) , a US federal agency that oversees the trading of derivative markets such as futures in the US. It is weekly data that provides traders with information about open interest for an asset. The CFTC oversees derivative markets traded on different exchanges, so ​COT data is available for assets that can be traded on CBOT, ​CME, NYMEX, COMEX, and ICEUS. A detailed description of the COT report can be found on the CFTC's website . COT data is separated into three notable reports: Legacy, Disaggregated, and Financial. This indicator presents data from the legacy report, which is broken down by exchange. Legacy reports break down the reportable open interest positions into two classifications: non-commercial and commercial traders. Our other COT indicators are:  • Commitment of Traders: Disaggregated Metrics  • Commitment of Traders: Financial Metrics  • Commitment of Traders: Total █  HOW TO USE IT Load the indicator on an active chart (see here if you don't know how). By default, the indicator uses the chart's symbol to derive the COT data it displays. You can also specify a CFTC code in the "CFTC code" field of the script's inputs to display COT data from a symbol different than the chart's. The rest of this section documents the script's input fields. Metric Each metric represents a different column of the Commitment of Traders report. Details are available in the explanatory notes on the CFTC's website . Here is a summary of the metrics:  • "Open Interest" is the total of all futures and/or option contracts entered into and not yet offset by a transaction, by delivery, by exercise, etc.   The aggregate of all long open interest is equal to the aggregate of all short open interest.  • "Traders Total" is the number of all unique reportable traders, regardless of the trading direction.  • "Traders Total Reportable/Traders Noncommercial/Traders Commercial" are the quantities of traders reported to hold any position with the specified direction.   All of a trader's reported futures positions in a commodity are classified as commercial if the trader uses futures contracts in that particular commodity for hedging.   To determine the total number of reportable traders in a market, a trader is counted only once, whether or not the trader appears in more than one category.  • "Total Reportable/Noncommercial/Commercial Positions" are all positions held by all reportable/non-commercial/commercial traders.  • "Non-reportable Positions" is derived by subtracting total long and short "Reportable Positions" from the total open interest.   Accordingly, the number of traders involved and the commercial/non-commercial classification of each trader are unknown.  • "Concentration Gross/Net LT 4/8 TDR" is the percentage of open interest held by 4/8 of the largest traders, by gross/net positions,   without regard to whether they are classified as commercial or non-commercial. The Net position ratios are computed after offsetting each trader’s equal long and short positions.   A reportable trader with relatively large, balanced long and short positions in a single market, therefore,   may be among the four and eight largest traders in both the gross long and gross short categories, but will probably not be included among the four and eight largest traders on a net basis. Direction Each metric is available for a particular set of directions. Valid directions for each metric are specified with its name in the "Metric" field's dropdown menu. Type Possible values are: All, Old, Other. When commodities have a well-defined marketing season or crop year (e.g. Wheat or Lean Hogs futures), this determines how the data is aggregated. Detailed explanation can be found in the "Old and Other Futures" section of the CTFC Explanatory Notes linked above. The "Major Markets for Which the COT Data Is Shown by Crop Year" table in the Explanatory Notes specifies the commodities that this distinction applies to; selecting "Old" for any of the commodities not in that list will return the same data as in "All", while selecting "Other" will return 0. COT Selection Mode This field's value determines how the script determines which COT data to return from the chart's symbol: - "Root" uses the root of a futures symbol ("ES" for "ESH2020"). - "Base currency" uses the base currency in a forex pair ("EUR" for "EURUSD"). - "Currency" uses the quote currency, i.e., the currency the symbol is traded in ("JPY" for "TSE:9984" or "USDJPY"). - "Auto" tries all modes, in turn. If no COT data can be found, a runtime error is generated. Note that if the "CTFC Code" input field contains a code, it will override this input. Futures/Options Specifies the type of Commitment of Traders data to display: data concerning only Futures, only Options, or both. CTFC Code Instead of letting the script generate the CFTC COT code from the chart and the "COT Selection Mode" input when this field is empty, you can specify an unrelated CFTC COT code here, e.g., 001602 for wheat futures. Look first. Then leap.
Pine Script® göstergesi
TradingView tarafından
35
Commitment of Traders: Disaggregated Metrics█  OVERVIEW This indicator displays the Commitment of Traders (​COT) Disaggregated data for futures markets. █  CONCEPTS Commitment of Traders ​(​COT) data is tallied by the Commodity ​Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) , a US federal agency that oversees the trading of derivative markets such as futures in the US. It is weekly data that provides traders with information about open interest for an asset. The CFTC oversees derivative markets traded on different exchanges, so ​COT data is available for assets that can be traded on CBOT, ​CME, NYMEX, COMEX, and ICEUS. A detailed description of the COT report can be found on the CFTC's website . COT data is separated into three notable reports: Legacy, Disaggregated, and Financial. This indicator presents data from the Disaggregated report. The disaggregated reports are broken down by agriculture, petroleum and products, natural gas and products, electricity and metals and other physical contracts. The Disaggregated reports break down the reportable open interest positions into four classifications: Producer/Merchant/Processor/User, Swap Dealers, Managed Money, and Other Reportables. Our other COT indicators are:  • Commitment of Traders: Legacy Metrics  • Commitment of Traders: Financial Metrics  • Commitment of Traders: Total █  HOW TO USE IT Load the indicator on an active chart (see here if you don't know how). By default, the indicator uses the chart's symbol to derive the COT data it displays. You can also specify a CFTC code in the "CFTC code" field of the script's inputs to display COT data from a symbol different than the chart's. The rest of this section documents the script's input fields. Metric Each metric represents a different column of the Commitment of Traders report. Details are available in the explanatory notes on the CFTC's website . Here is a summary of the metrics:  • "Open Interest" is the total of all futures and/or option contracts entered into and not yet offset by a transaction, by delivery, by exercise, etc.   The aggregate of all long open interest is equal to the aggregate of all short open interest.  • "Traders Total" is the quantity of all unique reportable traders, regardless of the trading direction.  • "Traders Producer Merchant" is the number of traders classified as a "producer/merchant/processor/user" reported holding any position with the specified direction.   A "producer/merchant/processor/user" is an entity that predominantly engages in the production, processing, packing or handling of a physical commodity and   uses the futures markets to manage or hedge risks associated with those activities.  • "Traders Swap" is the number of traders classified as "swap dealers" reported holding any position with the specified direction.   A "swap dealer" is an entity that deals primarily in swaps for a commodity and uses the futures markets to manage or hedge the risk associated with those swaps transactions.   The swap dealer’s counterparties may be speculative traders, like hedge funds, or traditional commercial clients that are managing risk arising from their dealings in the physical commodity.  • "Traders Managed Money" is the number of traders classified as "money managers" reported holding any position with the specified direction.   A "money manager" is a registered trader that is engaged in managing and conducting organized futures trading on behalf of clients.  • "Traders Other Reportable" is the number of reportable traders that are not placed in any of the three categories specified above.  • "Traders Total Reportable" is the number of traders reported holding any position with the specified direction.   To determine the total number of reportable traders in a market, a trader is counted only once whether or not the trader appears in more than one category.   As a result, the sum of the numbers of traders in each separate category typically exceeds the total number of reportable traders.  • "Producer Merchant/Swap/Managed Money/Total Reportable/Other Reportable Positions" is all positions held by the traders of the specified category.  • "Nonreportable Positions" is the long and short open interest derived by subtracting the total long and short reportable positions from the total open interest.   Accordingly, the number of traders involved and the classification of each trader are unknown.  • "Concentration Gross/Net LE 4/8 TDR" is the percentage of open interest held by 4/8 of the largest traders (entities), by Gross/Net positions, without regard to how they are classified.   The Net position ratios are computed after offsetting each trader’s equal long and short positions.   A reportable trader with relatively large, balanced long and short positions in a single market,   therefore, may be among the four and eight largest traders in both the gross long and gross short categories,   but will probably not be included among the four and eight largest traders on a net basis. Direction Each metric is available for a particular set of directions. Valid directions for each metric are specified with its name in the "Metric" field's dropdown menu. Type Possible values are: All, Old, Other. When commodities have a well-defined marketing season or crop year (e.g. Wheat or Lean Hogs futures), this determines how the data is aggregated. Detailed explanation can be found in the "Old and Other Futures" section of the CTFC Explanatory Notes linked above. The "Major Markets for Which the COT Data Is Shown by Crop Year" table in the Explanatory Notes specifies the commodities that this distinction applies to; selecting "Old" for any of the commodities not in that list will return the same data as in "All", while selecting "Other" will return 0. Futures/Options Specifies the type of Commitment of Traders data to display: data concerning only Futures, only Options, or both. CTFC Code Instead of letting the script generate the CFTC COT code from the chart and the "COT Selection Mode" input when this field is empty, you can specify an unrelated CFTC COT code here, e.g., 001602 for wheat futures. Look first. Then leap.
Pine Script® göstergesi
TradingView tarafından
10
Commitment of Traders: Financial Metrics█  OVERVIEW This indicator displays the Commitment of Traders (​COT) financial data for futures markets. █  CONCEPTS Commitment of Traders ​(​COT) data is tallied by the Commodity ​Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) , a US federal agency that oversees the trading of derivative markets such as futures in the US. It is weekly data that provides traders with information about open interest for an asset. The CFTC oversees derivative markets traded on different exchanges, so ​COT data is available for assets that can be traded on CBOT, ​CME, NYMEX, COMEX, and ICEUS. A detailed description of the COT report can be found on the CFTC's website . COT data is separated into three notable reports: Legacy, Disaggregated, and Financial. This indicator presents data from the COT Financial (Traders in Financial Futures) report. The Financial report includes financial contracts, such as currencies, US Treasury securities, Eurodollars, stocks, VIX and Bloomberg commodity index. As such, the TFF data is limited to financial-related tickers. The TFF report breaks down the reportable open interest positions into four classifications: Dealer/Intermediary, Asset Manager/Institutional, Leveraged Funds, and Other Reportables. Our other COT indicators are:  • Commitment of Traders: Legacy Metrics  • Commitment of Traders: Disaggregated Metrics  • Commitment of Traders: Total █  HOW TO USE IT Load the indicator on an active chart (see here if you don't know how). By default, the indicator uses the chart's symbol to derive the COT data it displays. You can also specify a CFTC code in the "CFTC code" field of the script's inputs to display COT data from a symbol different than the chart's. The rest of this section documents the script's input fields. Metric Each metric represents a different column of the Commitment of Traders report. Details are available in the explanatory notes on the CFTC's website . Here is a summary of the metrics:  • "Open Interest" is the total of all futures and/or option contracts entered into and not yet offset by a transaction, by delivery, by exercise, etc.   The aggregate of all long open interest is equal to the aggregate of all short open interest.  • "Traders Total" is the number of all unique reportable traders, regardless of the trading direction.  • "Traders Dealer" is the number of traders classified as a "Dealer/Intermediary" reported holding any position with the specified direction.   A "producer/merchant/processor/user" is an entity typically described as the “sell side” of the market.   Though they may not predominately sell futures, they do design and sell various financial assets to clients.   They tend to have matched books or offset their risk across markets and clients.   Futures contracts are part of the pricing and balancing of risk associated with the products they sell and their activities.  • "Traders Asset Manager" is the number of traders classified as "Asset Manager/Institutional" reported holding any position with the specified direction.   These are institutional investors, including pension funds, endowments, insurance companies,   mutual funds and those portfolio/investment managers whose clients are predominantly institutional.  • "Traders Leveraged Funds" is the number of traders classified as "Leveraged Funds" reported holding any position with the specified direction.   These are typically hedge funds and various types of money managers. The traders may be engaged in managing and   conducting proprietary futures trading and trading on behalf of speculative clients.  • "Traders Other Reportable" is the number of reportable traders that are not placed in any of the three categories specified above.   The traders in this category mostly are using markets to hedge business risk, whether that risk is related to foreign exchange, equities or interest rates.   This category includes corporate treasuries, central banks, smaller banks, mortgage originators, credit unions and any other reportable traders not assigned to the other three categories.  • "Traders Total Reportable" is the number of all traders reported holding any position with the specified direction.   To determine the total number of reportable traders in a market, a trader is counted only once whether or not the trader appears in more than one category.   As a result, the sum of the numbers of traders in each separate category typically exceeds the total number of reportable traders.  • "Dealer/Asset Manager/Leveraged Funds/Total Reportable/Other Reportable Positions -- all positions held by the traders of the specified category.  • "Nonreportable Positions" is the long and short open interest derived by subtracting the total long and short reportable positions from the total open interest.   Accordingly, the number of traders involved and the commercial/non-commercial classification of each trader are unknown.  • "Concentration Gross/Net LT 4/8 TDR" is the percentage of open interest held by 4/8 of the largest traders, by gross/net positions,   without regard to whether they are classified as commercial or non-commercial. The Net position ratios are computed after offsetting each trader’s equal long and short positions.   A reportable trader with relatively large, balanced long and short positions in a single market, therefore,   may be among the four and eight largest traders in both the gross long and gross short categories, but will probably not be included among the four and eight largest traders on a net basis. Direction Each metric is available for a particular set of directions. Valid directions for each metric are specified with its name in the "Metric" field's dropdown menu. COT Selection Mode This field's value determines how the script determines which COT data to return from the chart's symbol: - "Root" uses the root of a futures symbol ("ES" for "ESH2020"). - "Base currency" uses the base currency in a forex pair ("EUR" for "EURUSD"). - "Currency" uses the quote currency, i.e., the currency the symbol is traded in ("JPY" for "TSE:9984" or "USDJPY"). - "Auto" tries all modes, in turn. If no COT data can be found, a runtime error is generated. Note that if the "CTFC Code" input field contains a code, it will override this input. Futures/Options Specifies the type of Commitment of Traders data to display: data concerning only Futures, only Options, or both. CTFC Code Instead of letting the script generate the CFTC COT code from the chart and the "COT Selection Mode" input when this field is empty, you can specify an unrelated CFTC COT code here, e.g., 001602 for wheat futures. Look first. Then leap.
Pine Script® göstergesi
TradingView tarafından
5
Commitment of Traders: Total█  OVERVIEW This indicator displays the Commitment of Traders (​COT) totals data for futures markets. █  CONCEPTS Commitment of Traders ​(​COT) data is tallied by the Commodity ​Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) , a US federal agency that oversees the trading of derivative markets such as futures in the US. It is weekly data that provides traders with information about open interest for an asset. The CFTC oversees derivative markets traded on different exchanges, so ​COT data is available for assets that can be traded on CBOT, ​CME, NYMEX, COMEX, and ICEUS. A detailed description of the COT report can be found on the CFTC's website . COT data is separated into three notable reports: Legacy, Disaggregated, and Financial. This indicator presents specific data from the COT Legacy report. The Total data details the positions held by various traders: Commercial Hedgers (traders registered with CFTC that use futures contracts in that particular commodity for hedging), Large Traders (traders registered with CFTC that do not hedge that particular commodity) and Small Traders (not registered with CFTC). Our other COT indicators are:  • Commitment of Traders: Legacy Metrics  • Commitment of Traders: Disaggregated Metrics  • Commitment of Traders: Financial Metrics █  HOW TO USE IT Load the indicator on an active chart (see here if you don't know how). By default, the indicator uses the chart's symbol to derive the COT data it displays. You can also specify a CFTC code in the "CFTC code" field of the script's inputs to display COT data from a symbol different than the chart's. The rest of this section documents the script's input fields. COT Selection Mode This field's value determines how the script determines which COT data to return from the chart's symbol: - "Root" uses the root of a futures symbol ("ES" for "ESH2020"). - "Base currency" uses the base currency in a forex pair ("EUR" for "EURUSD"). - "Currency" uses the quote currency, i.e., the currency the symbol is traded in ("JPY" for "TSE:9984" or "USDJPY"). - "Auto" tries all modes, in turn. If no COT data can be found, a runtime error is generated. Note that if the "CTFC Code" input field contains a code, it will override this input. Futures/Options Specifies the type of Commitment of Traders data to display: data concerning only Futures, only Options, or both. Display Determines the direction of the metrics requested from the CTFC report. CTFC Code Instead of letting the script generate the CFTC COT code from the chart and the "COT Selection Mode" input when this field is empty, you can specify an unrelated CFTC COT code here, e.g., 001602 for wheat futures. Look first. Then leap.
Pine Script® göstergesi
TradingView tarafından
20
CAGR Custom Range█  OVERVIEW This script calculates an annualized Compound Annual Growth Rate from two points in time which you can select on the chart. It previews an upcoming feature where Pine scripts will be able to provide users with interactive inputs for time and price values. 👉🏼 We are looking for feedback on our first take of this feature.      Please comment in this publication's "Comments" section if you have suggestions for improvement. █  HOW TO USE IT When you first load this script on a chart, you will enter the new interactive selection mode. At that point, the script is waiting for you to pick two points in time on your chart by clicking on the chart. Once you select the two points, the script will find the close value for each of the two selected bars, and calculate the ​CAGR value from them. It will then display a line between the two points, and the ​CAGR value above or below the last point in time. If the ​CAGR value is positive, the line and label will display in their "up" color (see the "🠅" color in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab), otherwise they appear in their "down" color (the "🠇" color in the inputs). You can also control the line's width from the inputs. You have the option of comparing the chart's ​CAGR value with that of another symbol, which you specify in the "Compare to" input. When a comparison is made, the label's background color will be dependent on the result of the comparison. The line's color will still be determined by the chart's value. Once time points have been selected on the chart and the script is displaying the line, you can change the time points by clicking on the script's name on the chart. A small, blue rectangular handle will then appear for each point, which you can then grab and move. If you reset the inputs using the "Defaults/Reset Settings" button in the script's inputs, the two time points will reset to the beginning of September and October 2021, respectively. █  CONCEPTS The ​CAGR is a notional, annualized growth rate that assumes all profits are reinvested. It calculates from the close value of the two end points. It does not account for drawdowns, so it does not calculate risk. It can be used as a yardstick to compare the performance of two instruments. Because it annualizes values, the function requires a minimum of one day between the two end points (annualizing returns over smaller periods of times doesn't produce very meaningful figures). █  LIMITATIONS  • The two selected points must be distant from a minimum of one day. A runtime error will occur otherwise.  • There is currently no way to restart the interactive mode from scratch without re-adding the script to the chart.  • The points in time you select on one chart may map quite differently on other charts,   depending on their constituent bars (e.g., intraday charts for 24x7 and conventional markets). █  FOR PINE CODERS  • Our script uses the most recent version of Pine, as the `//@version=5` compiler directive indicates.  • Interactive inputs were a long-standing and highly-requested feature by our beloved community of Pine coders.   We hope you find this first step promising, as it opens up entirely new possibilities for both Pine coders and script users.   You can, for example, use interactive inputs to draw shapes with your scripts, or support and resistance levels, etc.   We're sure you'll come up with more creative uses of the feature than we could ever dream up )  • Interactive inputs are implemented for input.time() and input.price() , the specialized input functions now available in v5.   See the User Manual's new page on inputs for more information about them.   You can also create one interactive input for both time and price values   by using the same `inline` argument in a pair of input.time() and input.price() function calls.  • Our min/max filtering when initializing `entryTime` and `exitTime` will handle cases where   the script user inverts the two points on the chart.  • The script uses the new runtime.error() function to throw an error in the `if days < 1` conditional structure.  • We use the `cagr()` function from our recently-published ta Pine library .    Pine libraries — not to be confused with the Public Library showcasing scripts published by our community of Pine coders —   are one of the new features available with the recent Pine v5.  • Note that our `strRightOf()` function cannot be used to generate ticker identifier strings for use in `request.*()` functions.   This is because it produces results of "series" form while the functions require   arguments of "simple" form for their `symbol` or `ticker` parameters.   Have a look at our new User Manual page on Pine's Type system if you need to brush up on Pine forms and types.  • We use a simple, repainting request.security() call because our calculations are not used to generate orders or alerts.  • We document our user-defined functions using the same compiler directives used in exported functions in libraries.   It will make conversion of those functions to library format easier if we ever choose to do so.  • We use two Unicode hair spaces (U+200A) to push the "%" sign slightly away from values in our str.format() calls.   While the ​impact is minimal, it increases readability.  • Note the `priceIsHigh` logic used to determine if we place the label above or below bars.   When price is higher than recent prices, we place the label above the bar, otherwise we place it below.   It's not foolproof but it provides optimal positioning most of the time.  • The point of the complicated "bool" expression initializing `displayCAGR` is to ensure that we only draw the line and labels once.   When no comparison with another symbol is made, this occurs the first time we encounter a non- na value from the `cagr()` function.   When a comparison is required, it occurs the first time both values are not na .  • Before all mentions of "CAGR" in our description, we use a Unicode zero-width space (U+200B)   to prevent the auto-linking feature to kick in for the term.   This prevents the dashed underscore and a link like this (CAGR) from appearing every time "CAGR" is mentioned.  • With Pine v5, the `study()` declaration statement was renamed to indicator() .   Accordingly, we will be eliminating the use of the "study" term from documentation and the ​UI.   The generic "script" term will continue to designate Pine code that can be an indicator, a strategy or a library, when applicable.  • We followed our new Style guide recommendations to write our script.  • We used the techniques explained in the How We Write and Format Script Descriptions publication by PineCoders.  • That's it! We've covered all the new features and tricks we used. We sincerely hope you enjoy the new interactive inputs,   and please remember to comment here if you have suggestions for improvement. 💙 Look first. Then leap.
Pine Script® göstergesi
TradingView tarafından
19
taLibrary "ta" █  OVERVIEW This library holds technical ​analysis functions calculating values for which no Pine built-in exists. Look first. Then leap. █  FUNCTIONS cagr(entryTime, entryPrice, exitTime, exitPrice) It calculates the "Compound Annual Growth Rate" between two points in time. The ​CAGR is a notional, annualized growth rate that assumes all profits are reinvested. It only takes into account the prices of the two end points — not drawdowns, so it does not calculate risk. It can be used as a yardstick to compare the performance of two instruments. Because it annualizes values, the function requires a minimum of one day between the two end points (annualizing returns over smaller periods of times doesn't produce very meaningful figures).   Parameters:      entryTime : The starting timestamp.      entryPrice : The starting point's price.      exitTime : The ending timestamp.      exitPrice : The ending point's price.   Returns: ​CAGR in % (50 is 50%). Returns `na` if there is not >=1D between `entryTime` and `exitTime`, or until the two time points have not been reached by the script. █  v2, Mar. 8, 2022 Added functions `allTimeHigh()` and `allTimeLow()` to find the highest or lowest value of a source from the first historical bar to the current bar. These functions will not look ahead; they will only return new highs/lows on the bar where they occur. allTimeHigh(​src) Tracks the highest value of `src` from the first historical bar to the current bar.   Parameters:      src : (series int/float) Series to track. Optional. The default is `high`.   Returns: (float) The highest value tracked. allTimeLow(​src) Tracks the lowest value of `src` from the first historical bar to the current bar.   Parameters:      src : (series int/float) Series to track. Optional. The default is `low`.   Returns: (float) The lowest value tracked. █  v3, Sept. 27, 2022 This version includes the following new functions: aroon(length)   Calculates the values of the Aroon indicator.   Parameters:      length (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: ( [float, float ]) A tuple of the Aroon-Up and Aroon-Down values. coppock(source, longLength, shortLength, smoothLength)   Calculates the value of the Coppock Curve indicator.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      longLength (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars for the fast ROC value (length).      shortLength (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars for the slow ROC value (length).      smoothLength (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars for the weigted moving average value (length).   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. dema(source, length)   Calculates the value of the Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA).   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: (float) The double exponentially weighted moving average of the `source`. d​ema2(​src, length)   An alternate ​Double Exponential ​Moving Average (D​ema) function to `d​ema()`, which allows a "series float" length argument.   Parameters:      ​src : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length : (series int/float) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: (float) The double exponentially ​weighted moving average of the `​src`. dm(length)   Calculates the value of the "Demarker" indicator.   Parameters:      length (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. donchian(length)   Calculates the values of a Donchian Channel using `high` and `low` over a given `length`.   Parameters:      length (int) : (series int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: ( [float, float, float ]) A tuple containing the channel high, low, and median, respectively. ​ema2(​src, length)   An alternate ​ema function to the `ta.​ema()` built-in, which allows a "series float" length argument.   Parameters:      ​src : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length : (series int/float) Number of bars (length).   Returns: (float) The exponentially ​weighted moving average of the `​src`. eom(length, div)   Calculates the value of the Ease of Movement indicator.   Parameters:      length (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars (length).      div (simple int) : (simple int) Divisor used for normalzing values. Optional. The default is 10000.   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. frama(source, length)   The Fractal Adaptive Moving Average (FRAMA), developed by John Ehlers, is an adaptive moving average that dynamically adjusts its lookback period based on fractal geometry.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (int) : (series int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: (float) The fractal adaptive moving average of the `source`. ft(source, length)   Calculates the value of the Fisher Transform indicator.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. ht(source)   Calculates the value of the Hilbert Transform indicator.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. ichimoku(conLength, baseLength, senkouLength)   Calculates values of the Ichimoku Cloud indicator, including tenkan, kijun, senkouSpan1, senkouSpan2, and chikou. NOTE: offsets forward or backward can be done using the `offset` argument in `plot()`.   Parameters:      conLength (int) : (series int) Length for the Conversion Line (Tenkan). The default is 9 periods, which returns the mid-point of the 9 period Donchian Channel.      baseLength (int) : (series int) Length for the Base Line (Kijun-sen). The default is 26 periods, which returns the mid-point of the 26 period Donchian Channel.      senkouLength (int) : (series int) Length for the Senkou Span 2 (Leading Span B). The default is 52 periods, which returns the mid-point of the 52 period Donchian Channel.   Returns: ( [float, float, float, float, float ]) A tuple of the Tenkan, Kijun, Senkou Span 1, Senkou Span 2, and Chikou Span values. NOTE: by default, the senkouSpan1 and senkouSpan2 should be plotted 26 periods in the future, and the Chikou Span plotted 26 days in the past. ift(source)   Calculates the value of the Inverse Fisher Transform indicator.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. kvo(fastLen, slowLen, trigLen)   Calculates the values of the Klinger Volume Oscillator.   Parameters:      fastLen (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the fast moving average smoothing parameter calculation.      slowLen (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the slow moving average smoothing parameter calculation.      trigLen (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the trigger moving average smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: ( [float, float ]) A tuple of the KVO value, and the trigger value. pzo(length)   Calculates the value of the Price Zone Oscillator.   Parameters:      length (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. rms(source, length)   Calculates the Root Mean Square of the `source` over the `length`.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (int) : (series int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: (float) The RMS value. rwi(length)   Calculates the values of the Random Walk Index.   Parameters:      length (simple int) : (simple int) Lookback and ATR smoothing parameter length.   Returns: ( [float, float ]) A tuple of the `rwiHigh` and `rwiLow` values. stc(source, fast, slow, cycle, d1, d2)   Calculates the value of the Schaff Trend Cycle indicator.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      fast (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the MACD fast smoothing parameter calculation.      slow (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the MACD slow smoothing parameter calculation.      cycle (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars for the Stochastic values (length).      d1 (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the initial %D smoothing parameter calculation.      d2 (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the final %D smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. stochFull(periodK, smoothK, periodD)   Calculates the %K and %D values of the Full Stochastic indicator.   Parameters:      periodK (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars for Stochastic calculation. (length).      smoothK (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars for smoothing of the %K value (length).      periodD (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars for smoothing of the %D value (length).   Returns: ( [float, float ]) A tuple of the slow %K and the %D moving average values. stochRsi(lengthRsi, periodK, smoothK, periodD, source)   Calculates the %K and %D values of the Stochastic RSI indicator.   Parameters:      lengthRsi (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the RSI smoothing parameter calculation.      periodK (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars for Stochastic calculation. (length).      smoothK (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars for smoothing of the %K value (length).      periodD (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars for smoothing of the %D value (length).      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process. Optional. The default is `close`.   Returns: ( [float, float ]) A tuple of the slow %K and the %D moving average values. supertrend(factor, atrLength, wicks)   Calculates the values of the SuperTrend indicator with the ability to take candle wicks into account, rather than only the closing price.   Parameters:      factor (float) : (series int/float) Multiplier for the ATR value.      atrLength (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the ATR smoothing parameter calculation.      wicks (simple bool) : (simple bool) Condition to determine whether to take candle wicks into account when reversing trend, or to use the close price. Optional. Default is false.   Returns: ( [float, int ]) A tuple of the superTrend value and trend direction. szo(source, length)   Calculates the value of the Sentiment Zone Oscillator.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. t3(source, length, vf)   Calculates the value of the Tilson Moving Average (T3).   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.      vf (simple float) : (simple float) Volume factor. Affects the responsiveness.   Returns: (float) The Tilson moving average of the `source`. t3Alt(source, length, vf)   An alternate Tilson Moving Average (T3) function to `t3()`, which allows a "series float" `length` argument.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (float) : (series int/float) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.      vf (simple float) : (simple float) Volume factor. Affects the responsiveness.   Returns: (float) The Tilson moving average of the `source`. tema(source, length)   Calculates the value of the Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA).   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: (float) The triple exponentially weighted moving average of the `source`. tema2(source, length)   An alternate Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA) function to `tema()`, which allows a "series float" `length` argument.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (float) : (series int/float) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: (float) The triple exponentially weighted moving average of the `source`. trima(source, length)   Calculates the value of the Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA).   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (int) : (series int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: (float) The triangular moving average of the `source`. trima2(​src, length)   An alternate Triangular ​Moving Average (TRIMA) function to `trima()`, which allows a "series int" length argument.   Parameters:      ​src : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length : (series int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: (float) The triangular moving average of the `​src`. trix(source, length, signalLength, exponential)   Calculates the values of the TRIX indicator.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.      signalLength (simple int) : (simple int) Length for smoothing the signal line.      exponential (simple bool) : (simple bool) Condition to determine whether exponential or simple smoothing is used. Optional. The default is `true` (exponential smoothing).   Returns: ( [float, float, float ]) A tuple of the TRIX value, the signal value, and the histogram. uo(fastLen, midLen, slowLen)   Calculates the value of the Ultimate Oscillator.   Parameters:      fastLen (simple int) : (series int) Number of bars for the fast smoothing average (length).      midLen (simple int) : (series int) Number of bars for the middle smoothing average (length).      slowLen (simple int) : (series int) Number of bars for the slow smoothing average (length).   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. vhf(source, length)   Calculates the value of the Vertical Horizontal Filter.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. vi(length)   Calculates the values of the Vortex Indicator.   Parameters:      length (simple int) : (simple int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: ( [float, float ]) A tuple of the viPlus and viMinus values. vzo(length)   Calculates the value of the Volume Zone Oscillator.   Parameters:      length (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. williamsFractal(period)   Detects Williams Fractals.   Parameters:      period (int) : (series int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: ( [bool, bool ]) A tuple of an up fractal and down fractal. Variables are true when detected. wpo(length)   Calculates the value of the Wave Period Oscillator.   Parameters:      length (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: (float) The oscillator value. █  v7, Nov. 2, 2023 This version includes the following new and updated functions: atr2(length)   An alternate ATR function to the `ta.atr()` built-in, which allows a "series float" `length` argument.   Parameters:      length (float) : (series int/float) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: (float) The ATR value. changePercent(newValue, oldValue)   Calculates the percentage difference between two distinct values.   Parameters:      newValue (float) : (series int/float) The current value.      oldValue (float) : (series int/float) The previous value.   Returns: (float) The percentage change from the `oldValue` to the `newValue`. donchian(length)   Calculates the values of a Donchian Channel using `high` and `low` over a given `length`.   Parameters:      length (int) : (series int) Number of bars (length).   Returns: ( [float, float, float ]) A tuple containing the channel high, low, and median, respectively. highestSince(cond, source)   Tracks the highest value of a series since the last occurrence of a condition.   Parameters:      cond (bool) : (series bool) A condition which, when `true`, resets the tracking of the highest `source`.      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process. Optional. The default is `high`.   Returns: (float) The highest `source` value since the last time the `cond` was `true`. lowestSince(cond, source)   Tracks the lowest value of a series since the last occurrence of a condition.   Parameters:      cond (bool) : (series bool) A condition which, when `true`, resets the tracking of the lowest `source`.      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process. Optional. The default is `low`.   Returns: (float) The lowest `source` value since the last time the `cond` was `true`. relativeVolume(length, anchorTimeframe, isCumulative, adjustRealtime)   Calculates the volume since the last change in the time value from the `anchorTimeframe`, the historical average volume using bars from past periods that have the same relative time offset as the current bar from the start of its period, and the ratio of these volumes. The volume values are cumulative by default, but can be adjusted to non-accumulated with the `isCumulative` parameter.   Parameters:      length (simple int) : (simple int) The number of periods to use for the historical average calculation.      anchorTimeframe (simple string) : (simple string) The anchor timeframe used in the calculation. Optional. Default is "D".      isCumulative (simple bool) : (simple bool) If `true`, the volume values will be accumulated since the start of the last `anchorTimeframe`. If `false`, values will be used without accumulation. Optional. The default is `true`.      adjustRealtime (simple bool) : (simple bool) If `true`, estimates the cumulative value on unclosed bars based on the data since the last `anchor` condition. Optional. The default is `false`.   Returns: ( [float, float, float ]) A tuple of three float values. The first element is the current volume. The second is the average of volumes at equivalent time offsets from past anchors over the specified number of periods. The third is the ratio of the current volume to the historical average volume. rma2(source, length)   An alternate RMA function to the `ta.rma()` built-in, which allows a "series float" `length` argument.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values to process.      length (float) : (series int/float) Length for the smoothing parameter calculation.   Returns: (float) The rolling moving average of the `source`. supertrend2(factor, atrLength, wicks)   An alternate SuperTrend function to `supertrend()`, which allows a "series float" `atrLength` argument.   Parameters:      factor (float) : (series int/float) Multiplier for the ATR value.      atrLength (float) : (series int/float) Length for the ATR smoothing parameter calculation.      wicks (simple bool) : (simple bool) Condition to determine whether to take candle wicks into account when reversing trend, or to use the close price. Optional. Default is `false`.   Returns: ( [float, int ]) A tuple of the superTrend value and trend direction. vStop(source, atrLength, atrFactor)   Calculates an ATR-based stop value that trails behind the `source`. Can serve as a possible stop-loss guide and trend identifier.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values that the stop trails behind.      atrLength (simple int) : (simple int) Length for the ATR smoothing parameter calculation.      atrFactor (float) : (series int/float) The multiplier of the ATR value. Affects the maximum distance between the stop and the `source` value. A value of 1 means the maximum distance is 100% of the ATR value. Optional. The default is 1.   Returns: ( [float, bool ]) A tuple of the volatility stop value and the trend direction as a "bool". vStop2(source, atrLength, atrFactor)   An alternate Volatility Stop function to `vStop()`, which allows a "series float" `atrLength` argument.   Parameters:      source (float) : (series int/float) Series of values that the stop trails behind.      atrLength (float) : (series int/float) Length for the ATR smoothing parameter calculation.      atrFactor (float) : (series int/float) The multiplier of the ATR value. Affects the maximum distance between the stop and the `source` value. A value of 1 means the maximum distance is 100% of the ATR value. Optional. The default is 1.   Returns: ( [float, bool ]) A tuple of the volatility stop value and the trend direction as a "bool". Removed Functions: allTimeHigh(src)   Tracks the highest value of `src` from the first historical bar to the current bar. allTimeLow(src)   Tracks the lowest value of `src` from the first historical bar to the current bar. trima2(src, length)   An alternate Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA) function to `trima()`, which allows a "series int" length argument.
Pine Script® kütüphanesi
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Financials on Chart█  OVERVIEW This indicator displays your choice of up to 9 fundamentals on your chart. █  FEATURES You can configure the following attributes of the display:  • Its position on your chart.  • Automatic or custom height and width of rows.  • The size and color of text.  • The default background color (you can override it with a custom color for individual values).  • Conversion of values expressed in USD to one of the major currencies. Financials are normally expressed in quote currency.      Conversion to other currencies is only done when the symbol's quote currency is USD.  • Choose if the currency used for the financials is displayed. Note that some financials are calculated values that are not expressed in currency units.   No currency will be displayed for these values.  • Abbreviate large values. For each value, you may:  • Pick one of the 222 financials available in Pine, or one of five values calculated from the financials (Market Cap, Earnings​ Yield​, P/B Ratio, P/E Ratio​ and Price-To-Sales Ratio).  • Choose a period (see the "i" icon near the first value's fields in the script's inputs for a list of exceptions).  • Specify the value's precision.  • Change the legend displayed with the value.  • Adjust the text's size.  • Use a custom background. █  LIMITATIONS When changing the indicator's inputs, allow a few seconds for the change to be reflected in the display. If your chart displays a symbol for which the configured financials cannot be fetched, an error will occur. Not all periods are available for all fundamentals or for all markets. What financial data is available in Pine? will give you an overview of the available periods for each value. The page also contains the formulas used for the five values we calculate from the financials. This page shows the typical reporting frequency for different countries . █  FINANCIALS See What is Financial Data? and Why does Financial Data differ from other sources? for more information on the data used by this indicator. This lists all the financials. Clicking on one will bring up more information about it: CALCULATED   Market Capitalization   Earnings Yield   Price Book Ratio   Price Earnings Ratio   Price-To-Sales Ratio INCOME STATEMENTS   After tax other income/expense   Average basic shares outstanding   Other COGS   Cost of goods   Deprecation and amortization   Diluted net income available to common stockholders   Diluted shares outstanding   Dilution adjustment   Discontinued operations   Basic EPS   Diluted EPS   EBIT   EBITDA   Equity in earnings   Gross profit   Taxes   Interest capitalized   Interest expense on debt   Non-controlling/minority interest   Net income before discontinued operations   Net income   Non-operating income, excl. interest expenses   Interest expense, net of interest capitalized   Non-operating interest income   Operating income   Operating expenses (excl. COGS)   Miscellaneous non-operating expense   Other operating expenses, total   Preferred dividends   Pretax equity in earnings   Pretax income   Research & development   Selling/general/admin expenses, other   Selling/general/admin expenses, total   Non-operating income, total   Total operating expenses   Total revenue   Unusual income/expense BALANCE​ SHEET​   Accounts payable   Accounts receivable - trade, net   Accrued payroll   Accumulated depreciation, total   Additional paid-in capital/Capital surplus   Tangible book value per share   Book value per share   Capitalized lease obligations   Capital and operating lease obligations   Cash & equivalents   Cash and short term investments   Common equity, total   Common stock par/Carrying value   Current portion of LT debt and capital leases   Deferred income, current   Deferred income, non-current   Deferred tax assets   Deferred tax liabilities   Dividends payable   Goodwill, net   Income tax payable   Net intangible assets   Inventories - finished goods   Inventories - progress payments & other   Inventories - raw materials   Inventories - work in progress   Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries   Long term debt excl. lease liabilities   Long term debt   Long term investments   Note receivable - long term   Other long term assets, total   Minority interest   Notes payable   Operating lease liabilities   Other common equity   Other current assets, total   Other current liabilities   Other intangibles, net   Other investments   Other liabilities, total   Other receivables   Other short term debt   Paid in capital   Gross property/plant/equipment   Net property/plant/equipment   Preferred stock, carrying value   Prepaid expenses   Provision for risks & charge   Retained earnings   Short term debt excl. current portion of LT debt   Short term debt   Short term investments   Shareholders' equity   Total assets   Total current assets   Total current liabilities   Total debt   Total equity   Total inventory   Total liabilities   Total liabilities & shareholders' equities   Total non-current assets   Total non-current liabilities   Total receivables, net   Treasury stock - common CASHFLOW​   Amortization   Capital expenditures - fixed assets   Capital expenditures   Capital expenditures - other assets   Cash from financing activities   Cash from investing activities   Cash from operating activities   Deferred taxes (cash flow)   Depreciation & amortization (cash flow)   Change in accounts payable   Change in accounts receivable   Change in accrued expenses   Change in inventories   Change in other assets/liabilities   Change in taxes payable   Changes in working capital   Common dividends paid   Depreciation/depletion   Free cash flow   Funds from operations   Issuance/retirement of debt, net   Issuance/retirement of long term debt   Issuance/retirement of other debt   Issuance/retirement of short term debt   Issuance/retirement of stock, net   Net income (cash flow)   Non-cash items   Other financing cash flow items, total   Financing activities - other sources   Financing activities - other uses   Other investing cash flow items, total   Investing activities - other sources   Investing activities - other uses   Preferred dividends paid   Purchase/acquisition of business   Purchase of investments   Repurchase of common & preferred stock   Purchase/sale of business, net   Purchase/sale of investments, net   Reduction of long term debt   Sale of common & preferred stock   Sale of fixed assets & businesses   Sale/maturity of investments   Issuance of long term debt   Total cash dividends paid STATISTICS   Accruals   Altman Z-score   Asset turnover   Beneish M-score   Buyback yield %   Cash conversion cycle   Cash to debt ratio   COGS to revenue ratio   Current ratio   Days sales outstanding   Days inventory   Days payable   Debt to assets ratio   Debt to EBITDA ratio   Debt to equity ratio   Debt to revenue ratio   Dividend payout ratio %   Dividend yield %   Dividends per share - common stock primary issue   EPS estimates   EPS basic one year growth   EPS diluted one year growth   EBITDA margin %   Effective interest rate on debt %   Enterprise value to EBITDA ratio   Enterprise value   Equity to assets ratio   Enterprise value to EBIT ratio   Enterprise value to revenue ratio   Float shares outstanding   Free cash flow margin %   Fulmer H factor   Goodwill to assets ratio   Graham's number   Gross margin %   Gross profit to assets ratio   Interest coverage   Inventory to revenue ratio   Inventory turnover   KZ index   Long term debt to total assets ratio   Net current asset value per share   Net income per employee   Net margin %   Number of employees   Operating earnings yield %   Operating margin %   PEG ratio   Piotroski F-score   Price earnings ratio forward   Price sales ratio forward   Price to free cash flow ratio   Price to tangible book ratio   Quality ratio   Quick ratio   Research & development to revenue ratio   Return on assets %   Return on equity adjusted to book value %   Return on equity %   Return on invested capital %   Return on tangible assets %   Return on tangible equity %   Revenue one year growth   Revenue per employee   Revenue estimates   Shares buyback ratio %   Sloan ratio %   Springate score   Sustainable growth rate   Tangible common equity ratio   Tobin's Q (approximate)   Total common shares outstanding   Zmijewski score █  NOTES This script uses the Pine financial() function to fetch the values it displays. Look first. Then leap.
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WatermarkLook in the lower-left corner of this chart. If you load the script on your chart, you will see how the watermark animates. You can personalize it in the script's "Settings/Inputs" tab to use it in your chart snapshots. Do keep in mind that if you use it when publishing ideas, videos or scripts, House Rules prohibit advertising on your chart. For Pine coders This script uses our new table feature in Pine to position a watermark on the chart, and the new varip type of variable to animate it. Look first. Then leap.
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TradingView tarafından
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Relative Volume at Time█  OVERVIEW This indicator calculates relative volume, which is the ratio of present volume over an average of past volume. It offers two calculation modes, both using a time reference as an anchor.                                          █  CONCEPTS Calculation modes The simplest way to calculate relative volume is by using the ratio of a bar's volume over a simple moving average of the last n volume values. This indicator uses one of two, more subtle ways to calculate both values of the relative volume ratio: current volume:past volume . The two calculations modes are:  1 — Cumulate from Beginning of TF to Current Bar where:     current volume = the cumulative volume since the beginning of the timeframe unit, and     past volume = the mean of volume during that same relative period of time in the past n timeframe units.  2 — Point-to-Point Bars at Same Offset from Beginning of TF where:     current volume = the volume on a single chart bar, and     past volume = the mean of volume values from that same relative bar in time from the past n timeframe units. Timeframe units Timeframe units can be defined in three different ways:  1 — Using Auto-steps, where the timeframe unit automatically adjusts to the timeframe used on the chart:     — A 1 min timeframe unit will be used on 1sec charts,     — 1H will be used for charts at 1min and less,     — 1D will be used for other intraday chart timeframes,     — 1W will be used for 1D charts,     — 1M will be used for charts at less than 1M,     — 1Y will be used for charts at greater or equal than 1M.  2 — As a fixed timeframe that you define.  3 — By time of day (for intraday chart timeframes only), which you also define. If you use non-intraday chart timeframes in this mode, the indicator will switch to Auto-steps. Relative Relativity A relative volume value of 1.0 indicates that current volume is equal to the mean of past volume , but how can we determine what constitutes a high relative volume value? The traditional way is to settle for an arbitrary threshold, with 2.0 often used to indicate that relative volume is worthy of attention. We wanted to provide traders with a contextual method of calculating threshold values, so in addition to the conventional fixed threshold value, this indicator includes two methods of calculating a threshold channel on past relative volume values:  1 — Using the standard deviation of relative volume over a fixed lookback.  2 — Using the highs/lows of relative volume over a variable lookback. Channels calculated on relative volume provide meta-relativity, if you will, as they are relative values of relative volume. █  FEATURES Controls in the "Display" section of inputs determine what is visible in the indicator's pane. The next "Settings" section is where you configure the parameters used in the calculations. The "Column Coloring Conditions" section controls the color of the columns, which you will see in three of the five display modes available. Whether columns are plotted or not, the coloring conditions also determine when markers appear, if you have chosen to show the markers in the "Display" section. The presence of markers is what triggers the alerts configured on this indicator. Finally, the "Colors" section of inputs allows you to control the color of the indicator's visual components. Display Five display modes are available:  • Current Volume Columns : shows columns of current volume , with past volume displayed as an outlined column.  • Relative Volume Columns : shows relative volume as a column.  • Relative Volume Columns With Average : shows relative volume as a column, with the average of relative volume.  • Directional Relative Volume Average : shows a line calculated using the average of +/- values of relative volume.   The positive value of relative volume is used on up bars; its negative value on down bars.  • Relative Volume Average : shows the average of relative volume. A Hull moving average is used to calculate the average used in the three last display modes. You can also control the display of:  • The value or relative volume, when in the first three display modes. Only the last 500 values will be shown.  • Timeframe transitions, shown in the background.  • A reminder of the active timeframe unit, which appears to the right of the indicator's last bar.  • The threshold used, which can be a fixed value or a channel, as determined in the next "Settings" section of inputs.  • Up/Down markers, which appear on transitions of the color of the volume columns (determined by coloring conditions), which in turn control when alerts are triggered.  • Conditions of high volatility. Settings Use this section of inputs to change:  • Calculation mode : this is where you select one of this indicator's two calculation modes for current volume and past volume , as explained in the "Concepts" section.  • Past Volume Lookback in TF units : the quantity of timeframe units used in the calculation of past volume .  • Define Timeframes Units Using : the mode used to determine what one timeframe unit is. Note that when using a fixed timeframe, it must be higher than the chart's timeframe.   Also, note that time of day timeframe units only work on intraday chart timeframes.  • Threshold Mode : Five different modes can be selected:    — Fixed Value : You can define the value using the "Fixed Threshold" field below. The default value is 2.0.    — Standard Deviation Channel From Fixed Lookback : This is a channel calculated using the simple moving average of relative volume     (so not the Hull moving average used elsewhere in the indicator), plus/minus the standard deviation multiplied by a user-defined factor.     The lookback used is the value of the "Channel Lookback" field. Its default is 100.    — High/Low Channel From Beginning of TF : in this mode, the High/Low values reset at the beginning of each timeframe unit.    — High/Low Channel From Beginning of Past Volume Lookback : in this mode, the High/Low values start from the farthest point back where we are calculating past volume ,     which is determined by the combination of timeframe units and the "Past Volume Lookback in TF units" value.    — High/Low Channel From Fixed Lookback : In this mode the lookback is fixed. You can define the value using the "Channel Lookback" field. The default value is 100.  • Period of RelVol Moving Average : the period of the Hull moving average used in the "Directional Relative Volume Average" and the "Relative Volume Average".  • High Volatility is defined using fast and slow ATR periods, so this represents the volatility of price.   Volatility is considered to be high when the fast ATR value is greater than its slow value. Volatility can be used as a filter in the column coloring conditions. Column Coloring Conditions  • Eight different conditions can be turned on or off to determine the color of the volume columns. All "ON" conditions must be met to determine a high/low state of relative volume,   or, in the case of directional relative volume, a bull/bear state.  • A volatility state can also be used to filter the conditions.  • When the coloring conditions and the filter do not allow for a high/low state to be determined, the neutral color is used.  • Transitions of the color of the volume columns determined by coloring conditions are used to plot the up/down markers, which in turn control when alerts are triggered. Colors  • You can define your own colors for all of the oscillator's plots.  • The default colors will perform well on light or dark chart backgrounds. Alerts  • An alert can be defined for the script. The alert will trigger whenever an up/down marker appears in the indicator's display.   The particular combination of coloring conditions and the display settings for up/down markers when you create the alert will determine which conditions trigger the alert.   After alerts are created, subsequent changes to the conditions controlling the display of markers will not affect existing alerts.  • By configuring the script's inputs in different ways before you create your alerts, you can create multiple, functionally distinct alerts from this script.   When creating multiple alerts, it is useful to include in the alert's message a reminder of the particular conditions you used for each alert.  • As is usually the case, alerts triggering "Once Per Bar Close" will prevent repainting. Error messages Error messages will appear at the end of the chart upon the following conditions:  • When the combination of the timeframe units used and the "Past Volume Lookback in TF units" value create a lookback that is greater than 5000 bars.   The lookback will then be recalculated to a value such that a runtime error does not occur.  • If the chart's timeframe is higher than the timeframe units. This error cannot occur when using Auto-steps to calculate timeframe units.  • If relative volume cannot be calculated, for example, when no volume data is available for the chart's symbol.  • When the threshold of relative volume is configured to be visible but the indicator's scale does not allow it to be visible (in "Current Volume Columns" display mode). █  NOTES For traders The chart shown here uses the following display modes: "Current Volume Columns", "Relative Volume Columns With Average", "Directional Relative Volume Average" and "Relative Volume Average". The last one also shows the threshold channel in standard deviation mode, and the TF Unit reminder to the right, in red. Volume, like price, is a value with a market-dependent scale. The only valid reference for volume being its past values, any improvement in the way past volume is calculated thus represents a potential opportunity to traders. Relative volume calculated as it is here can help traders extract useful information from markets in many circumstances, markets with cyclical volume such as Forex being one, obvious case. The relative nature of the values calculated by this indicator also make it a natural fit for cross-market and cross-sector analysis, or to identify behavioral changes in the different futures contracts of the same market. Relative volume can also be put to more exotic uses, such as in evaluating changes in the popularity of exchanges. Relative volume alone has no directional bias. While higher relative volume values always indicate higher trading activity, that activity does not necessarily translate into significant price movement. In a tightly fought battle between buyers and sellers, you could theoretically have very large volume for many bars, with no change whatsoever in bid/ask prices. This of course, is unlikely to happen in reality, and so traders are justified in considering high relative volume values as indicating periods where more attention is required, because imbalances in the strength of buying/selling power during high-volume trading periods can amplify price variations, providing traders with the generally useful gift of volatility. Be sure to give the "Directional Relative Volume Average" a try. Contrary to the always-positive ratio widely used in this indicator, the "Directional Relative Volume Average" produces a value able to determine a bullish/bearish bias for relative volume. Note that realtime bars must be complete for the relative volume value to be confirmed. Values calculated on historical or elapsed realtime bars will not recalculate unless historical volume data changes. Finally, as with all indicators using volume information, keep in mind that some exchanges/brokers supply different feeds for intraday and daily data, and the volume data on both feeds can sometimes vary quite a bit. For coders Our script was written using the PineCoders Coding Conventions for Pine . The description was formatted using the techniques explained in the How We Write and Format Script Descriptions PineCoders publication. Bits and pieces of code were lifted from the MTF Selection Framework and the MTF Oscillator Framework , also by PineCoders. █  THANKS Thanks to dgtrd for suggesting to add the channel using standard deviation. Thanks to adolgov for helpful suggestions on calculations and visuals. Look first. Then leap.
Pine Script® göstergesi
TradingView tarafından
52
Volatility Stop MTFThis is a multi-timeframe version of our Volatility Stop , an ATR-based trend detector that can be used as a stop. ► Timeframe selection The higher timeframe can be selected using 3 different ways: • By steps (60 min., 1D, 3D, 1W, 1M, 1Y). • As a multiple of the current chart's resolution, which can be fractional, so 3.5 will work. • Fixed. Note that you can also use this indicator without the higher timeframe functionality. It will then behave as our normal Volatility Stop would. ► Stop breaches Two modes of stop-breaching logic can be selected. • In the default, Early Breach mode, the stop is considered breached when a bar at the chart's current resolution breaches the higher timeframe stop. • You may also choose to calculate breaches on the higher timeframe information only. Choosing the Early Breach mode has the advantage of generating faster exits. It will create a state of limbo where the stop has been breached but the Volatility Stop trend has not yet reversed. The impact of detecting earlier exits to minimize losses comes, as is usually the case, at the cost of a compromise: if the stop is breached early in a long trend, the indicator will then spend most of that trend in limbo. Sizeable portions of a trend can thus be missed. A few options are provided when you use Early Breach mode: • A red triangle can identify early breaches (default). • You can color bars or the background to identify limbo states. When in limbo, the color used to plot the indicator's line or shapes will always be darker. ► Alerts Five pre-defined alerts are supplied: • #1: On any trend change. • #2: On changes into an uptrend. • #3: On changes into a downtrend. • #4: Only on breaches of the uptrend by the chart's bars (Early Breach mode). Will not trigger on a trend change. • #5: Only on breaches of the downtrend by the chart's bars (Early Breach mode). Will not trigger on a trend change. As usual, alerts should be configured to trigger Once Per Bar Close . When creating alerts, you will see a warning to the effect that potentially repainting code is used, even if the indicator's default non-repainting mode is active. The warning is normal. ► Other features • You can color bars using the indicator's up/down state. When bars are colored, up bars are more brightly colored. • The HTF line is non-repainting by default, but you can allow it to repaint. • You can confirm the higher timeframe used by displaying it at a selectable distance from the last bar on the chart. • Choice of 2 color themes. • Choice of display as a line, circles, diamonds or arrows. The line can be used with the other shapes. If no line is required, set its thickness to zero. Enjoy! Look first. Then leap.
Pine Script® göstergesi
TradingView tarafından
41
Volatility StopThis is a new version of the classic Volatility Stop originally published in 2014 by admin and written in Pine v1. While the code has evolved, its logic is identical. It is an ATR-based trend detector that can also be used as a stop. It belongs to the same family of indicators as: • Charles Le Beau's Chandelier Exit , • Olivier Seban's Super Trend , and • Sylvain Vervoort's Average True Range Trailing Stop . Unlike the Chandelier Exit , Volatility Stop will not move against the trend. This new version is written in Pine v4. The indicator can be used as a chart overlay, like the original. The calculations have been functionalized for easier reuse, so it is now easier to lift the logic out of the script and use it in others. Features • Choice of 2 color themes. • Choice of display as a line, circles, diamonds or arrows. The line can be used with the other shapes. If no line is required, set its thickness to zero. • Same default of length=20 and ATR factor=2 used in the original Volatility Stop. • 3 alerts: on any trend change, or on changes into up or downtrends only. Alerts should be configured to trigger Once Per Bar Close . Original version: Look first. Then leap.
Pine Script® göstergesi
TradingView tarafından
21
sDEFI Synthetix ExchangeTradingView allows combining/summing up to a maximum of only 10 tickers in its search field. Their support staff suggested I could combine up to 40 by using Pine Script, so here it is, for a specific 'basket' of crypto tokens. This study displays the combination of price history for Synthetix Exchange’s sDEFI index. Tokens included in the index are COMP, MKR, KNC, SNX, ZRX, REP, LEND, REN, LRC, BNT, BAL and UMA. You will see the prices only go back as far as July 31st 2020, which is when the most recent of the compilation (UMA) started its trading history on TradingView. (The study can only display prices for days that *all* the tickers were trading.) The price history will display as a study, below an existing chart. You will need to resize the windows, to see this study at a larger size. (Grab the window border and move it up, once you have added this study to a chart) Unfortunately you will not be able to interact with it like a normal chart, i.e. drawing trendlines, adding moving averages, notes or annotations, etc. May I suggest you send a support request to TradingView, asking for them to allow us to enter more than 10 (perhaps up to 40) tickers with + symbol between them, in the search field, which gives a ‘proper’ chart to analyse? Please note that when publishing this script, I was required to choose a category from a list that does not contain a relevant category. Given that I had to choose something from the list to proceed, I used 'Support and Resistance', since chartists can see S and R levels by looking at this study. I trust this study is useful for you sDEFI traders.
Pine Script® göstergesi
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